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Papuan Gulf languages
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The Papuan Gulf languages are a proposed language family of Papuan languages spoken inland from the large gulf that defines the shape of southern Papua New Guinea.[1]
| Papuan Gulf | |
|---|---|
| (proposed) | |
| Geographic distribution | Papuan Gulf, southern Papua New Guinea |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | None |
Map: The Papuan Gulf languages of New Guinea The Papuan Gulf languages Trans–New Guinea languages Other Papuan languages Austronesian languages Uninhabited | |
Languages edit
- Papuan Gulf
- Kikorian (Kikori River)
- Strickland (Strickland and Soari River)
- Gogodala–Suki (Suki–Aramia River)
- Tua River
Lexical comparison edit
The lexical data below is from the Trans-New Guinea database[2] and Usher (2020),[3] unless noted otherwise. Neighboring languages not traditionally classified within Papuan Gulf are also included for comparison.
| family | language | head | hair | ear | eye | nose | tooth | tongue | leg | blood | bone | skin | breast |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trans-New Guinea | Proto-Trans-New Guinea | *kobutu; *kV(mb,p)utu; *mUtUna; *mVtVna | *iti; *(nd,s)umu(n,t)[V]; *zumun | *ka(nd,t)(i,e)C; *kat(i,e)C; *tVmV(d) | *g(a,u)mu; *ŋg(a,u)mu; *(ŋg,k)iti [maŋgV]; *nVpV | *mundu; *mutu | *magata; *maŋgat[a]; *titi | *balaŋ; *mbilaŋ; *me(l,n)e; *me(n,l)e | *kani(n); *k(a,o)ond(a,o)C; *kitu | *ke(ñj,s)a; *kesa | *kondaC; *kwata(l,n) | *gatapu; *(ŋg,k)a(nd,t)apu | *amu |
| Kamula | Kamula | dokupala; tɔkɔnʌlʌ | kokosasi; kɔkɔsʌse | molo; mɔlɔ | inʌma; inoma | mu; mũ | ɛpe | te; tɛ | ɛtɛ; hetei | umali; umʌ:li | ɛľu; ɛro | kapala; kʌpʌlʌ | mɛmɛ |
| Dibiyaso | Dibiyaso | bisikoki; bisikɔki; dagata; dapokala | bisikaka; bisi kaka | kosoropa; kosořopa; kɔsɔrɔpa | usa | deimu; demu | beserepa; beseřepa | metata; mɛtɛtʌ; mɛtɛta | tupa | balipa; baripa; memere | ki | baua | bu; burukopa |
| Doso-Turumsa | Doso | abaki | abuluso | apu | usa | bulu | da | ithi | sʌřei | omani | khi | bʌli | toka |
| Tabo | Tabo | wato | hinibó; hinibɔ | galo | ba ͥdi; baidi | dopo; dɔ:pɔ | lalo; lolo | mɛlpila; merapira | nato | hawi; haᵘwi | goha; goha: | tama | nono |
| Porome | Porome[4] | kikimi | kikimikuro | obokera | ipiri | urubi | koropi | beri | warakero | eimuro | |||
| Turama-Kikori | Proto-Rumu-Omati[3] | *mab | *b[au]t | *go̝ | *isĩ | *ju | *magu | *tãᵋ | *tab | *sõ̝ | |||
| Teberan | Proto-Dadibi-Folopa[3] | *tobo | *ni[g]i | *[w]odzo | *ge[…] | *gun… | *kamina | *di[l/r]i | *wadz[i/e] | *ame | |||
| Pawaia | Pawaia | mu | muse; sị | nȩᶦ; nɛ̣i | to; toᵘ | ho; họ | su | ha̧pi; hɛmina | hɛ; si̧ʔi̧ | sɛni; su̧ | džɛmɛ; yɛmi | hɛʔȩ; hɛi | ɛmi |
| Purari | Purari | uku | kimari | keporo | inamu | pina | niʔiri | anae | ari | aro | laʔaro | kape | ame |
| Kaki Ae | Kaki Ae | aro | uʔumo | oʔi | ere | noʔi | huʔu | anara | fera | ivare | uki | ame |
| family | language | louse | dog | pig | bird | egg | tree | sun | moon | water | fire | stone | path |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trans-New Guinea | Proto-Trans-New Guinea | *niman | *n(e,i); *n(e)i; *n[e]i; *yak; *yaka[i]; *yanem | *maŋgV; *munaka; *mun(a,u)ka | *ida; *inda ~ *iñja | *kamali; *kamuli; *ketana | *kal(a,i)m; *kamali; *takVn; *takVn[V] | *nok; *(n)ok; *ok(u); *ok[V] | *inda; *k(a,e)dap; *k(a,e)(n,d)ap; *kambu; *k(a,o)nd(a,u)p | *kamb(a,u)na; *(na)muna; *[na]muna | |||
| Kamula | Kamula | iyʌ; iya | ɛsemala; esemʌlʌ | ʌľiʌ | tea | temoko; temɔkɔ | dali; tʌli | sali; sʌľi | mama; mʌmʌ | yu | deľʌpʌ; dřaƀa | ewʌľʌ; yawařa | api |
| Dibiyaso | Dibiyaso | pe | sapo | apo | meta; mɛta | kwapa; motakapa | besa; bosa | male; nane | iliɛpɛ; irepe | daia; daiya | betate; darau; dařau | kaɔ; kɔ | iti |
| Doso-Turumsa | Doso | amu | khasa | nɛna | sɩkĩ | wõnõ | gu | khikha | ři | umu | dɩki | kɔ | |
| Tabo | Tabo | tamani | gaha | hola; hola: | kikipo | ke'ha; kɛha | kadepa; kadɛpa | manome; manomi | bea | koe; kue: | -nadi; naki | gabo | |
| Porome | Porome | kumi | bobi | kumi | kubi | eri ipiro | omeri tero | ubi | erei | kumapi | meri | ||
| Turama-Kikori | Proto-Rumu-Omati | *gutɔm | *gas | *gɔ[u]n | *gaᵋ | *d[ɔ]um | *i | *ɛsɔa | *wẽ̝ | *i | *dɛⁱ | ||
| Teberan | Proto-Dadibi-Folopa | *j[o]wi | *kibu | *ba | *ge | *ni | *s[u]g[a] | *wẽi | *si[a] | *tũ | |||
| Pawaia | Pawaia | po; poř | hạ; hɛ̧ | ya | deř; ge | ge džu; yo | i̧; in | ol; olsuɛ; sia | we; wɛ | sa | sia | tobu; topu | sụ |
| Purari | Purari | kaeriʔi | oroko | nako | munu | iri | lare | ia | ere | iau | rore | ||
| Kaki Ae | Kaki Ae | saruta | evera | mini | mini umu | oproro | lare | fuiya | haime | aiyeʔi | ere |
| family | language | man | woman | name | eat | one | two |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trans-New Guinea | Proto-Trans-New Guinea | *abV; *ambi | *panV; *pan(V) | *ibi; *imbi; *wani | *na; *na- | *ta(l,t)(a,e) | |
| Kamula | Kamula | ɔpɔlʌimi; opřami | eya; ɛ̃yã | hi | dampřoma; tʌɛdɔma | hatropɛ; hʌtɔlɔp | dapiamɛtɛ; depiʌmɛtɛ |
| Dibiyaso | Dibiyaso | sau | tawa͗e; tawoi; tawɔi | yo | na- | makate | ařapa |
| Doso-Turumsa | Doso | haimo | dobo | samu | nane | ||
| Tabo | Tabo | dubu; tubu | kamena | mahiro; mahiřo | hɛna; nɛ:na | kapia | nete'ewa |
| Porome | Porome | moia | eria | ||||
| Turama-Kikori | Proto-Rumu-Omati | *e̝ne̝ne̝n | *t[aⁱ/aᵋ] | ||||
| Teberan | Proto-Dadibi-Folopa | *so | *nV- | *me | |||
| Pawaia | Pawaia | džʌʔla; yala | oi; u | hɛʔɛpi; hopi | hatisụɛ; ti haʔayɛ | pɛʔɛmi; pomi | naʔau; nau |
| Purari | Purari | vake | aʔe | noe | navai | monou | leʔeo |
| Kaki Ae | Kaki Ae | aru | aʔu | iru | muake | okiao | uʔungka |
References edit
- ^ NewGuineaWord Papuan Gulf
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- ^ a b c Usher, Timothy (2020). . Archived from the original on 2022-12-16. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ^ Petterson, Robert. 2010. Porome Daporo Avea Buka = Porome Language Picture Dictionary. Ukarumpa: SIL-PNG.
Further reading edit
- Franklin, K. editor. The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26, x + 607 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. doi:10.15144/PL-C26