fbpx
Wikipedia

Tsimané

January 01, 1970

For the language, see Tsimané language.

The Tsimané, also known as the Tsimane' or Chimane, are an indigenous people of lowland Bolivia, living chiefly in the Beni Department municipalities of San Borja, San Ignacio de Moxos, Rurrenabaque, and Santa Ana del Yacuma.[4] The Tsimané are the main residents of the T’simane Council Territory (Spanish: Territorio del Consejo T’simane) and the Pilón Lajas Reserve. They are primarily a subsistence agriculture culture, although hunting and fishing contribute significantly to many of the settlements' food supply.[citation needed] Those Tsimané living in the Reserve are affiliated with the multiethnic Consejo Regional Tsimane Moseten (CRTM), which holds the title to the Reserve as a Native Community Land or TCO.[5]

Tsimané
Photo taken in 1913 during Erland Nordenskiöld's expedition in Bolivia
Total population
16,958[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Bolivia ( Beni)
Languages
Tsimané, Spanish[2]
Religion
Traditional tribal religion[2]
Related ethnic groups
Mosetén[3]

Name edit

The Tsimané are also known as the Achumano, Chamano, Chimane, Chimanis, Chimanisa, Chimnisin, Chumano, Nawazi-Moñtji, and Ramano people.[3]

Language edit

The Tsimané speak the Tsimané language, which is a Mosetenan language. The other Mosetenan languages are Mosetén of Santa Ana and Mosetén of Covendo (Sakel 2004).[6] It can be described as a small language family, though sometimes it also appears as a language isolate. The reason for this is that some of the variants are mutually intelligible (Sakel 2004), see also[2]

Subsistence edit

They live in small communities composed of 20 to 30 families. Tsimané and Mosetén people depends mainly on subsistence farming, they cultivate bananas and manioc through swidden agriculture, although hunting, fishing and gathering contribute significantly as a source of food for almost all communities.[7] The population has been undergoing some degree of market integration over the past 15 years, and some Tsimane now participate in the cash economy.[2]

Health edit

Both the Tsimane' Amazonian Panel Study[8] and The Tsimane Health and Life History Project have studied the Tsimane since 2002.[9] Among other things, it appears that they do not develop heart disease as they age in the same ways as people in the developed world.[10][11] Blood tissue from the Tsimané exhibits a slower intrinsic epigenetic aging rate than that of other populations according to a biomarker of tissue age known as epigenetic clock.[12] This finding might explain the "Tsimane inflammation paradox", wherein high levels of inflammation and infection, and low HDL cholesterol levels, are not associated with accelerated cardiovascular aging.[10]

Tsimané sleep patterns have been studied as an example of "natural" sleep in nonindustrial or preindustrial societies, and to assess relationships between sleep patterns and health. Factors observed include sleep duration, timing, natural light, ambient temperature and seasonality. A normal daily pattern for a Tsimané group is to work during the day, congregate around a fire while cooking food, share a meal, then remain by the fire as it gets dark, sharing stories and information. Children and mothers tend to move away to sleep before male adults, with sleep onset occurring, on average, 3.3 hours after sunset. From beginning to end, sleep periods averaged 6.9–8.5 hours, with actual time slept of 5.7–7.1 hours, less sleep than reported in many industrial societies.[13][14]

The average Tsimané woman has nine children in her lifetime. A study of 983 Tsimané women found that 70% were infected with the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, which is believed to have increased their fertility rate by suppressing their immune system, leading to two additional children over the course of a lifetime.[15]

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2012 Bolivia Características de la Población". Instituto Nacional de Estadística, República de Bolivia. p. 29.
  2. ^ a b c d "Tsimané." Ethnologue. Retrieved 22 Feb 2012.
  3. ^ a b "Chimane." Countries and Their Cultures. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  4. ^ Fundación UNIR (2009). Las identidades en las grandes regiones de Bolivia, Fascículo Nº2. La Paz, Bolivia: Fundación UNIR. pp. 19–20.
  5. ^ Costas Monje, Patricia (January 1, 2001). "La pluriterritorialidad en el Norte de La Paz. Dos casos de estudio sobre defensa del territorio". In Chumacero, Juan (ed.). Reconfigurando territorios: Reforma agraria, control territorial y gobiernos indígenas en Bolivia. La Paz, Bolivia: Fundación Tierra. pp. 143–44.
  6. ^ Sakel, Jeanette (2004) A grammar of Mosetén. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  7. ^ Bottazzi, Patrick (2014) Une écologie politique des territoires tsimane' d'Amazonie bolivienne : notre grande maison. Institut des hautes études internationales et du développement, Genève (Suisse); Karthala, Paris.
  8. ^ "The Tsimane' Amazonian Panel Study".
  9. ^ "The UNM-UCSB Tsimane Health and Life History Project". Retrieved 2009-08-14.
  10. ^ a b Gurven, Michael; Hillard Kaplan; Jeffrey Winking; Daniel Eid Rodriguez; Sarinnapha Vasunilashorn; Jung Ki Kim; Caleb Finch; Eileen Crimmins; Henry Harpending (2009). "Inflammation and Infection Do Not Promote Arterial Aging and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Lean Horticulturalists". PLOS ONE. 4 (8): e6590. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6590G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006590. PMC 2722089. PMID 19668697. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
  11. ^ "Age Doesn't Mean Heart Disease For Bolivian Tribe". Talk of the Nation. NPR. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
  12. ^ Horvath S, Gurven M, Levine ME, Trumble BC, Kaplan H, Allayee H, Ritz BR, Chen B, Lu AT, Rickabaugh TM, Jamieson BD, Sun D, Li S, Chen W, Quintana-Murci L, Fagny M, Kobor MS, Tsao PS, Reiner AP, Edlefsen KL, Absher D, Assimes TL (2016). "An epigenetic clock analysis of race/ethnicity, sex, and coronary heart disease". Genome Biol. 17 (1): 171. doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1030-0. PMC 4980791. PMID 27511193.
  13. ^ Preston, Elizabeth (28 April 2022). "The awake ape: Why people sleep less than their primate relatives". Knowable Magazine. Annual Reviews. doi:10.1146/knowable-042822-1. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  14. ^ Yetish, Gandhi; Kaplan, Hillard; Gurven, Michael; Wood, Brian; Pontzer, Herman; Manger, Paul R.; Wilson, Charles; McGregor, Ronald; Siegel, Jerome M. (November 2015). "Natural Sleep and Its Seasonal Variations in Three Pre-industrial Societies". Current Biology. 25 (21): 2862–2868. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.046. PMC 4720388. PMID 26480842.
  15. ^ Gallagher, James (20 November 2015). "Parasitic worm 'increases' women's fertility'". BBC News. Retrieved 20 November 2015.

External links edit

January 01, 1970
tsimané, language, language, also, known, tsimane, chimane, indigenous, people, lowland, bolivia, living, chiefly, beni, department, municipalities, borja, ignacio, moxos, rurrenabaque, santa, yacuma, main, residents, simane, council, territory, spanish, terri. For the language see Tsimane language The Tsimane also known as the Tsimane or Chimane are an indigenous people of lowland Bolivia living chiefly in the Beni Department municipalities of San Borja San Ignacio de Moxos Rurrenabaque and Santa Ana del Yacuma 4 The Tsimane are the main residents of the T simane Council Territory Spanish Territorio del Consejo T simane and the Pilon Lajas Reserve They are primarily a subsistence agriculture culture although hunting and fishing contribute significantly to many of the settlements food supply citation needed Those Tsimane living in the Reserve are affiliated with the multiethnic Consejo Regional Tsimane Moseten CRTM which holds the title to the Reserve as a Native Community Land or TCO 5 TsimanePhoto taken in 1913 during Erland Nordenskiold s expedition in BoliviaTotal population16 958 1 Regions with significant populations Bolivia Beni LanguagesTsimane Spanish 2 ReligionTraditional tribal religion 2 Related ethnic groupsMoseten 3 Contents 1 Name 2 Language 3 Subsistence 4 Health 5 Notes 6 External linksName editThe Tsimane are also known as the Achumano Chamano Chimane Chimanis Chimanisa Chimnisin Chumano Nawazi Montji and Ramano people 3 Language editThe Tsimane speak the Tsimane language which is a Mosetenan language The other Mosetenan languages are Moseten of Santa Ana and Moseten of Covendo Sakel 2004 6 It can be described as a small language family though sometimes it also appears as a language isolate The reason for this is that some of the variants are mutually intelligible Sakel 2004 see also 2 Subsistence editThey live in small communities composed of 20 to 30 families Tsimane and Moseten people depends mainly on subsistence farming they cultivate bananas and manioc through swidden agriculture although hunting fishing and gathering contribute significantly as a source of food for almost all communities 7 The population has been undergoing some degree of market integration over the past 15 years and some Tsimane now participate in the cash economy 2 Health editBoth the Tsimane Amazonian Panel Study 8 and The Tsimane Health and Life History Project have studied the Tsimane since 2002 9 Among other things it appears that they do not develop heart disease as they age in the same ways as people in the developed world 10 11 Blood tissue from the Tsimane exhibits a slower intrinsic epigenetic aging rate than that of other populations according to a biomarker of tissue age known as epigenetic clock 12 This finding might explain the Tsimane inflammation paradox wherein high levels of inflammation and infection and low HDL cholesterol levels are not associated with accelerated cardiovascular aging 10 Tsimane sleep patterns have been studied as an example of natural sleep in nonindustrial or preindustrial societies and to assess relationships between sleep patterns and health Factors observed include sleep duration timing natural light ambient temperature and seasonality A normal daily pattern for a Tsimane group is to work during the day congregate around a fire while cooking food share a meal then remain by the fire as it gets dark sharing stories and information Children and mothers tend to move away to sleep before male adults with sleep onset occurring on average 3 3 hours after sunset From beginning to end sleep periods averaged 6 9 8 5 hours with actual time slept of 5 7 7 1 hours less sleep than reported in many industrial societies 13 14 The average Tsimane woman has nine children in her lifetime A study of 983 Tsimane women found that 70 were infected with the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides which is believed to have increased their fertility rate by suppressing their immune system leading to two additional children over the course of a lifetime 15 Notes edit Censo de Poblacion y Vivienda 2012 Bolivia Caracteristicas de la Poblacion Instituto Nacional de Estadistica Republica de Bolivia p 29 a b c d Tsimane Ethnologue Retrieved 22 Feb 2012 a b Chimane Countries and Their Cultures Retrieved 2 March 2012 Fundacion UNIR 2009 Las identidades en las grandes regiones de Bolivia Fasciculo Nº2 La Paz Bolivia Fundacion UNIR pp 19 20 Costas Monje Patricia January 1 2001 La pluriterritorialidad en el Norte de La Paz Dos casos de estudio sobre defensa del territorio In Chumacero Juan ed Reconfigurando territorios Reforma agraria control territorial y gobiernos indigenas en Bolivia La Paz Bolivia Fundacion Tierra pp 143 44 Sakel Jeanette 2004 A grammar of Moseten Berlin Mouton de Gruyter Bottazzi Patrick 2014 Une ecologie politique des territoires tsimane d Amazonie bolivienne notre grande maison Institut des hautes etudes internationales et du developpement Geneve Suisse Karthala Paris The Tsimane Amazonian Panel Study The UNM UCSB Tsimane Health and Life History Project Retrieved 2009 08 14 a b Gurven Michael Hillard Kaplan Jeffrey Winking Daniel Eid Rodriguez Sarinnapha Vasunilashorn Jung Ki Kim Caleb Finch Eileen Crimmins Henry Harpending 2009 Inflammation and Infection Do Not Promote Arterial Aging and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Lean Horticulturalists PLOS ONE 4 8 e6590 Bibcode 2009PLoSO 4 6590G doi 10 1371 journal pone 0006590 PMC 2722089 PMID 19668697 Retrieved 2009 08 14 Age Doesn t Mean Heart Disease For Bolivian Tribe Talk of the Nation NPR Retrieved 2009 08 14 Horvath S Gurven M Levine ME Trumble BC Kaplan H Allayee H Ritz BR Chen B Lu AT Rickabaugh TM Jamieson BD Sun D Li S Chen W Quintana Murci L Fagny M Kobor MS Tsao PS Reiner AP Edlefsen KL Absher D Assimes TL 2016 An epigenetic clock analysis of race ethnicity sex and coronary heart disease Genome Biol 17 1 171 doi 10 1186 s13059 016 1030 0 PMC 4980791 PMID 27511193 Preston Elizabeth 28 April 2022 The awake ape Why people sleep less than their primate relatives Knowable Magazine Annual Reviews doi 10 1146 knowable 042822 1 Retrieved 2 June 2022 Yetish Gandhi Kaplan Hillard Gurven Michael Wood Brian Pontzer Herman Manger Paul R Wilson Charles McGregor Ronald Siegel Jerome M November 2015 Natural Sleep and Its Seasonal Variations in Three Pre industrial Societies Current Biology 25 21 2862 2868 doi 10 1016 j cub 2015 09 046 PMC 4720388 PMID 26480842 Gallagher James 20 November 2015 Parasitic worm increases women s fertility BBC News Retrieved 20 November 2015 External links editTsimane material culture National Museum of the American Indian Tsimane Amazonian Panel Study The Tsimane Health and Life History Project Pueblos Indiginas de Bolivia Chiman in Spanish https www sciencedaily com releases 2017 03 170317132004 htm Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tsimane amp oldid 1221132773, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.