Palladin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PALLDgene.[5][6][7][8] Palladin is a component of actin-containing microfilaments that control cell shape, adhesion, and contraction.[8]
Palladin was characterised independently by two research groups, first in the lab of Carol Otey (in 2000)[6] and then in the lab of Olli Carpén (in 2001).[9] It is a part of the myotilin-myopalladin-palladin family and may play an important role in modulating the actincytoskeleton.[10] Palladin, in contrast to myotilin and myopalladin, which are expressed only in striated muscle, is expressed ubiquitously in cells of mesenchymal origin.
Palladin was named after the Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio, reflecting its localization to architectural elements of the cell.[6]
The eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Palladin is one component of this complex cellular machinery.
Isoformsedit
In humans, it appears that seven different isoforms exist, some of which arise through alternative splicing.[11] In mice, three major isoforms of palladin arise from a single gene. These isoforms contain between three and five copies (depending on the isoform) of an Ig-like domain and between one and two copies of a polyproline domain.[6]
Functionedit
Palladin's precise biological role is poorly understood, but it has been shown to play a role in cytoskeletal organization, embryonic development, cell motility, scar formation in the skin, and nerve cell development.[10]
Disease linkageedit
Recently, it has been demonstrated that palladin RNA is overexpressed in patients with pancreaticneoplasia, and that palladin is both overexpressed and mutated in an inherited form of pancreatic cancer.[12] The palladin mutation identified in familial pancreatic cancer may be unique to a single North American family, as this same mutation has not been found in any other European or North American populations, respectively, in two other genetic studies.[13][14]
Further, Salaria et al. have shown that palladin is overexpressed in the non-neoplastic stroma of pancreatic cancer, but only rarely in the cancer cells per se,[15] suggesting that palladin's role in this disease may involve changes in the tumor microenvironmment. More research is clearly required before this protein and its role in neoplasia can be fully understood.
Disease-causing mutations have also been identified in the two other members of this gene family. Myotilin mutations cause a form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, and mutations in myopalladin cause an inherited form of heart disease (dilated cardiomyopathy).
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000129116 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000058056 - Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Hirosawa M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O (Jul 1999). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 6 (1): 63–70. doi:10.1093/dnares/6.1.63. PMID 10231032.
^ abcdParast MM, Otey CA (Sep 2000). "Characterization of Palladin, a Novel Protein Localized to Stress Fibers and Cell Adhesions". J Cell Biol. 150 (3): 643–56. doi:10.1083/jcb.150.3.643. PMC2175193. PMID 10931874.
^Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Böcher M, Blöcker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Düsterhöft A, Beyer A, Köhrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwälder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A (2001). "Toward a Catalog of Human Genes and Proteins: Sequencing and Analysis of 500 Novel Complete Protein Coding Human cDNAs". Genome Res. 11 (3): 422–35. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC311072. PMID 11230166.
^ abMykkänen OM, Grönholm M, Rönty M, Lalowski M, Salmikangas P, Suila H, Carpén O (2001). "Characterization of Human Palladin, a Microfilament-associated Protein". Mol. Biol. Cell. 12 (10): 3060–73. doi:10.1091/mbc.12.10.3060. PMC60155. PMID 11598191.
^ abOtey CA, Rachlin A, Moza M, Arneman D, Carpen O (2005). The palladin/myotilin/myopalladin family of actin-associated scaffolds. International Review of Cytology. Vol. 246. pp. 31–58. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(05)46002-7. ISBN9780123646507. PMID 16164966. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^Rachlin AS, Otey CA (2006). "Identification of palladin isoforms and characterization of an isoform-specific interaction between Lasp-1 and palladin". J. Cell Sci. 119 (Pt 6): 995–1004. doi:10.1242/jcs.02825. PMID 16492705.
^Pogue-Geile KL, Chen R, Bronner MP, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T, Moyes KW, Dowen S, Otey CA, Crispin DA, George RD, Whitcomb DC, Brentnall TA (2006). "Palladin Mutation Causes Familial Pancreatic Cancer and Suggests a New Cancer Mechanism". PLOS Med. 3 (12): e516. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030516. PMC1751121. PMID 17194196.
^Slater E, Amrillaeva V, Fendrich V, Bartsch D, Earl J, Vitone LJ, Neoptolemos JP, Greenhalf W (2007). "Palladin Mutation Causes Familial Pancreatic Cancer: Absence in European Families". PLOS Med. 4 (4): e164. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040164. PMC1855695. PMID 17455999.
^Zogopoulos G, Rothenmund H, Eppel A, Ash C, Akbari MR, Hedley D, Narod SA, Gallinger S (2007). "The P239S palladin variant does not account for a significant fraction of hereditary or early onset pancreas cancer". Hum. Genet. 121 (5): 635–7. doi:10.1007/s00439-007-0361-z. PMID 17415588. S2CID 2445261.
^Salaria SN, Illei P, Sharma R, Walter KM, Klein AP, Eshleman JR, Maitra A, Schulick R, Winter J, Ouellette MM, Goggins M, Hruban R (2007). "Palladin is Overexpressed in the Non-Neoplastic Stroma of Infiltrating Ductal Adenocarcinomas of the Pancreas, but is only Rarely Overexpressed in Neoplastic Cells". Cancer Biol. Ther. 6 (3): 324–8. doi:10.4161/cbt.6.3.3904. PMC3144721. PMID 17404500.
Further readingedit
King CM, Olive CW, Cardona RA (1975). "Activation of carcinogenic arylhydroxamic acids by human tissues". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 55 (2): 285–7. doi:10.1093/jnci/55.2.285. PMID 1159819.
Lai CH, Chou CY, Ch'ang LY, et al. (2000). "Identification of Novel Human Genes Evolutionarily Conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by Comparative Proteomics". Genome Res. 10 (5): 703–13. doi:10.1101/gr.10.5.703. PMC310876. PMID 10810093.
Bang ML, Mudry RE, McElhinny AS, et al. (2001). "Myopalladin, a Novel 145-Kilodalton Sarcomeric Protein with Multiple Roles in Z-Disc and I-Band Protein Assemblies". J. Cell Biol. 153 (2): 413–27. doi:10.1083/jcb.153.2.413. PMC2169455. PMID 11309420.
Mykkänen OM, Grönholm M, Rönty M, et al. (2002). "Characterization of Human Palladin, a Microfilament-associated Protein". Mol. Biol. Cell. 12 (10): 3060–73. doi:10.1091/mbc.12.10.3060. PMC60155. PMID 11598191.
Eberle MA, Pfützer R, Pogue-Geile KL, et al. (2002). "A New Susceptibility Locus for Autosomal Dominant Pancreatic Cancer Maps to Chromosome 4q32-34". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70 (4): 1044–8. doi:10.1086/339692. PMC379100. PMID 11870593.
Moriyama K, Bonifacino JS (2003). "Pallidin is a component of a multi-protein complex involved in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles". Traffic. 3 (9): 666–77. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0854.2002.30908.x. PMID 12191018. S2CID 29888859.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC139241. PMID 12477932.
Lee SY, Obata Y, Yoshida M, et al. (2003). "Immunomic analysis of human sarcoma". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (5): 2651–6. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.2651L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0437972100. PMC151395. PMID 12601173.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Rönty M, Taivainen A, Moza M, et al. (2004). "Molecular analysis of the interaction between palladin and alpha-actinin". FEBS Lett. 566 (1–3): 30–4. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.04.006. PMID 15147863. S2CID 86151740.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC528928. PMID 15489334.
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, et al. (2005). "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4". Nature. 434 (7034): 724–31. Bibcode:2005Natur.434..724H. doi:10.1038/nature03466. PMID 15815621.
Rönty M, Taivainen A, Moza M, et al. (2005). "Involvement of palladin and alpha-actinin in targeting of the Abl/Arg kinase adaptor ArgBP2 to the actin cytoskeleton". Exp. Cell Res. 310 (1): 88–98. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.06.026. PMID 16125169.
Shiffman D, Ellis SG, Rowland CM, et al. (2005). "Identification of Four Gene Variants Associated with Myocardial Infarction". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 77 (4): 596–605. doi:10.1086/491674. PMC1275608. PMID 16175505.
Boukhelifa M, Moza M, Johansson T, et al. (2006). "The proline-rich protein palladin is a binding partner for profilin". FEBS J. 273 (1): 26–33. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.05036.x. PMID 16367745. S2CID 21207885.
Rönty MJ, Leivonen SK, Hinz B, et al. (2007). "Isoform-specific regulation of the actin-organizing protein palladin during TGF-beta1-induced myofibroblast differentiation". J. Invest. Dermatol. 126 (11): 2387–96. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700427. PMID 16794588.
Beausoleil SA, Villén J, Gerber SA, et al. (2006). "A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization". Nat. Biotechnol. 24 (10): 1285–92. doi:10.1038/nbt1240. PMID 16964243. S2CID 14294292.
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, et al. (2006). "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks". Cell. 127 (3): 635–48. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026. PMID 17081983. S2CID 7827573.
External linksedit
palladin+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
April 12, 2024
palladin, other, uses, paladin, disambiguation, surname, protein, that, humans, encoded, palld, gene, component, actin, containing, microfilaments, that, control, cell, shape, adhesion, contraction, palldavailable, structurespdbortholog, search, pdbe, rcsblist. For other uses see Paladin disambiguation and Palladin surname Palladin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PALLD gene 5 6 7 8 Palladin is a component of actin containing microfilaments that control cell shape adhesion and contraction 8 PALLDAvailable structuresPDBOrtholog search PDBe RCSBList of PDB id codes2DM2 2DM3IdentifiersAliasesPALLD CGI 151 CGI151 MYN PNCA1 SIH002 palladin cytoskeletal associated proteinExternal IDsOMIM 608092 MGI 1919583 HomoloGene 75052 GeneCards PALLDGene location Human Chr Chromosome 4 human 1 Band4q32 3Start168 497 052 bp 1 End168 928 457 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 8 mouse 2 Band8 8 B3 1Start61 964 467 bp 2 End62 355 724 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed insaphenous veinright ventriclehair folliclevisceral pleuraseminal vesiculamyometriumright coronary arterypopliteal arterygastric mucosaurethraTop expressed inbelly cordatriumatrioventricular valveinterventricular septumendocardial cushionleft lung lobeventricleuterusleft ventriclemyocardium of ventricleMore reference expression dataBioGPSn aGene ontologyMolecular functionmuscle alpha actinin binding protein binding actin binding cell cell adhesion mediator activityCellular componentcell projection focal adhesion growth cone ruffle plasma membrane axon cell junction Z disc actin filament actin cytoskeleton podosome cytoskeleton nucleus lamellipodium cytoplasm cytosolBiological processepithelial cell morphogenesis keratinocyte development cytoskeleton organization actin cytoskeleton organization cell migration homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules axon guidance dendrite self avoidanceSources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez2302272333EnsemblENSG00000129116ENSMUSG00000058056UniProtQ8WX93Q9ET54RefSeq mRNA NM 001166108NM 001166109NM 001166110NM 016081NM 001367567NM 001367568NM 001367569NM 001367570NM 001081390NM 001293772NM 001293773NM 001293774RefSeq protein NP 001159580NP 001159581NP 001159582NP 057165NP 001354496NP 001354497NP 001354498NP 001354499NP 001074859NP 001280701NP 001280702NP 001280703Location UCSC Chr 4 168 5 168 93 MbChr 8 61 96 62 36 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse Contents 1 Discovery 2 Isoforms 3 Function 4 Disease linkage 5 Interactions 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksDiscovery editPalladin was characterised independently by two research groups first in the lab of Carol Otey in 2000 6 and then in the lab of Olli Carpen in 2001 9 It is a part of the myotilin myopalladin palladin family and may play an important role in modulating the actin cytoskeleton 10 Palladin in contrast to myotilin and myopalladin which are expressed only in striated muscle is expressed ubiquitously in cells of mesenchymal origin Palladin was named after the Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio reflecting its localization to architectural elements of the cell 6 nbsp The eukaryotic cytoskeleton Palladin is one component of this complex cellular machinery Isoforms editIn humans it appears that seven different isoforms exist some of which arise through alternative splicing 11 In mice three major isoforms of palladin arise from a single gene These isoforms contain between three and five copies depending on the isoform of an Ig like domain and between one and two copies of a polyproline domain 6 Function editPalladin s precise biological role is poorly understood but it has been shown to play a role in cytoskeletal organization embryonic development cell motility scar formation in the skin and nerve cell development 10 Disease linkage editRecently it has been demonstrated that palladin RNA is overexpressed in patients with pancreatic neoplasia and that palladin is both overexpressed and mutated in an inherited form of pancreatic cancer 12 The palladin mutation identified in familial pancreatic cancer may be unique to a single North American family as this same mutation has not been found in any other European or North American populations respectively in two other genetic studies 13 14 Further Salaria et al have shown that palladin is overexpressed in the non neoplastic stroma of pancreatic cancer but only rarely in the cancer cells per se 15 suggesting that palladin s role in this disease may involve changes in the tumor microenvironmment More research is clearly required before this protein and its role in neoplasia can be fully understood Disease causing mutations have also been identified in the two other members of this gene family Myotilin mutations cause a form of limb girdle muscular dystrophy and mutations in myopalladin cause an inherited form of heart disease dilated cardiomyopathy Interactions editPALLD has been shown to interact with EZR 9 References edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000129116 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000058056 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Nagase T Ishikawa K Suyama M Kikuno R Hirosawa M Miyajima N Tanaka A Kotani H Nomura N Ohara O Jul 1999 Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes XIII The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro DNA Res 6 1 63 70 doi 10 1093 dnares 6 1 63 PMID 10231032 a b c d Parast MM Otey CA Sep 2000 Characterization of Palladin a Novel Protein Localized to Stress Fibers and Cell Adhesions J Cell Biol 150 3 643 56 doi 10 1083 jcb 150 3 643 PMC 2175193 PMID 10931874 Wiemann S Weil B Wellenreuther R Gassenhuber J Glassl S Ansorge W Bocher M Blocker H Bauersachs S Blum H Lauber J Dusterhoft A Beyer A Kohrer K Strack N Mewes HW Ottenwalder B Obermaier B Tampe J Heubner D Wambutt R Korn B Klein M Poustka A 2001 Toward a Catalog of Human Genes and Proteins Sequencing and Analysis of 500 Novel Complete Protein Coding Human cDNAs Genome Res 11 3 422 35 doi 10 1101 gr GR1547R PMC 311072 PMID 11230166 a b Entrez Gene PALLD palladin cytoskeletal associated protein nih gov a b Mykkanen OM Gronholm M Ronty M Lalowski M Salmikangas P Suila H Carpen O 2001 Characterization of Human Palladin a Microfilament associated Protein Mol Biol Cell 12 10 3060 73 doi 10 1091 mbc 12 10 3060 PMC 60155 PMID 11598191 a b Otey CA Rachlin A Moza M Arneman D Carpen O 2005 The palladin myotilin myopalladin family of actin associated scaffolds International Review of Cytology Vol 246 pp 31 58 doi 10 1016 S0074 7696 05 46002 7 ISBN 9780123646507 PMID 16164966 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a journal ignored help Rachlin AS Otey CA 2006 Identification of palladin isoforms and characterization of an isoform specific interaction between Lasp 1 and palladin J Cell Sci 119 Pt 6 995 1004 doi 10 1242 jcs 02825 PMID 16492705 Pogue Geile KL Chen R Bronner MP Crnogorac Jurcevic T Moyes KW Dowen S Otey CA Crispin DA George RD Whitcomb DC Brentnall TA 2006 Palladin Mutation Causes Familial Pancreatic Cancer and Suggests a New Cancer Mechanism PLOS Med 3 12 e516 doi 10 1371 journal pmed 0030516 PMC 1751121 PMID 17194196 Slater E Amrillaeva V Fendrich V Bartsch D Earl J Vitone LJ Neoptolemos JP Greenhalf W 2007 Palladin Mutation Causes Familial Pancreatic Cancer Absence in European Families PLOS Med 4 4 e164 doi 10 1371 journal pmed 0040164 PMC 1855695 PMID 17455999 Zogopoulos G Rothenmund H Eppel A Ash C Akbari MR Hedley D Narod SA Gallinger S 2007 The P239S palladin variant does not account for a significant fraction of hereditary or early onset pancreas cancer Hum Genet 121 5 635 7 doi 10 1007 s00439 007 0361 z PMID 17415588 S2CID 2445261 Salaria SN Illei P Sharma R Walter KM Klein AP Eshleman JR Maitra A Schulick R Winter J Ouellette MM Goggins M Hruban R 2007 Palladin is Overexpressed in the Non Neoplastic Stroma of Infiltrating Ductal Adenocarcinomas of the Pancreas but is only Rarely Overexpressed in Neoplastic Cells Cancer Biol Ther 6 3 324 8 doi 10 4161 cbt 6 3 3904 PMC 3144721 PMID 17404500 Further reading editKing CM Olive CW Cardona RA 1975 Activation of carcinogenic arylhydroxamic acids by human tissues J Natl Cancer Inst 55 2 285 7 doi 10 1093 jnci 55 2 285 PMID 1159819 Lai CH Chou CY Ch ang LY et al 2000 Identification of Novel Human Genes Evolutionarily Conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by Comparative Proteomics Genome Res 10 5 703 13 doi 10 1101 gr 10 5 703 PMC 310876 PMID 10810093 Bang ML Mudry RE McElhinny AS et al 2001 Myopalladin a Novel 145 Kilodalton Sarcomeric Protein with Multiple Roles in Z Disc and I Band Protein Assemblies J Cell Biol 153 2 413 27 doi 10 1083 jcb 153 2 413 PMC 2169455 PMID 11309420 Mykkanen OM Gronholm M Ronty M et al 2002 Characterization of Human Palladin a Microfilament associated Protein Mol Biol Cell 12 10 3060 73 doi 10 1091 mbc 12 10 3060 PMC 60155 PMID 11598191 Eberle MA Pfutzer R Pogue Geile KL et al 2002 A New Susceptibility Locus for Autosomal Dominant Pancreatic Cancer Maps to Chromosome 4q32 34 Am J Hum Genet 70 4 1044 8 doi 10 1086 339692 PMC 379100 PMID 11870593 Moriyama K Bonifacino JS 2003 Pallidin is a component of a multi protein complex involved in the biogenesis of lysosome related organelles Traffic 3 9 666 77 doi 10 1034 j 1600 0854 2002 30908 x PMID 12191018 S2CID 29888859 Strausberg RL Feingold EA Grouse LH et al 2003 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15 000 full length human and mouse cDNA sequences Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 26 16899 903 Bibcode 2002PNAS 9916899M doi 10 1073 pnas 242603899 PMC 139241 PMID 12477932 Lee SY Obata Y Yoshida M et al 2003 Immunomic analysis of human sarcoma Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100 5 2651 6 Bibcode 2003PNAS 100 2651L doi 10 1073 pnas 0437972100 PMC 151395 PMID 12601173 Ota T Suzuki Y Nishikawa T et al 2004 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21 243 full length human cDNAs Nat Genet 36 1 40 5 doi 10 1038 ng1285 PMID 14702039 Ronty M Taivainen A Moza M et al 2004 Molecular analysis of the interaction between palladin and alpha actinin FEBS Lett 566 1 3 30 4 doi 10 1016 j febslet 2004 04 006 PMID 15147863 S2CID 86151740 Gerhard DS Wagner L Feingold EA et al 2004 The Status Quality and Expansion of the NIH Full Length cDNA Project The Mammalian Gene Collection MGC Genome Res 14 10B 2121 7 doi 10 1101 gr 2596504 PMC 528928 PMID 15489334 Hillier LW Graves TA Fulton RS et al 2005 Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4 Nature 434 7034 724 31 Bibcode 2005Natur 434 724H doi 10 1038 nature03466 PMID 15815621 Ronty M Taivainen A Moza M et al 2005 Involvement of palladin and alpha actinin in targeting of the Abl Arg kinase adaptor ArgBP2 to the actin cytoskeleton Exp Cell Res 310 1 88 98 doi 10 1016 j yexcr 2005 06 026 PMID 16125169 Shiffman D Ellis SG Rowland CM et al 2005 Identification of Four Gene Variants Associated with Myocardial Infarction Am J Hum Genet 77 4 596 605 doi 10 1086 491674 PMC 1275608 PMID 16175505 Boukhelifa M Moza M Johansson T et al 2006 The proline rich protein palladin is a binding partner for profilin FEBS J 273 1 26 33 doi 10 1111 j 1742 4658 2005 05036 x PMID 16367745 S2CID 21207885 Ronty MJ Leivonen SK Hinz B et al 2007 Isoform specific regulation of the actin organizing protein palladin during TGF beta1 induced myofibroblast differentiation J Invest Dermatol 126 11 2387 96 doi 10 1038 sj jid 5700427 PMID 16794588 Beausoleil SA Villen J Gerber SA et al 2006 A probability based approach for high throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization Nat Biotechnol 24 10 1285 92 doi 10 1038 nbt1240 PMID 16964243 S2CID 14294292 Olsen JV Blagoev B Gnad F et al 2006 Global in vivo and site specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks Cell 127 3 635 48 doi 10 1016 j cell 2006 09 026 PMID 17081983 S2CID 7827573 External links editpalladin protein human at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Palladin amp oldid 1209242889, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
