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PM (newspaper)

PM was a liberal-leaning daily newspaper published in New York City by Ralph Ingersoll from June 1940 to June 1948 and financed by Chicago millionaire Marshall Field III.

PM
TypeDaily newspaper
Founder(s)Ralph Ingersoll
FoundedJune 1940
Political alignmentLiberal
Ceased publicationJune 1948
HeadquartersNew York City
Circulation165,000

The paper borrowed many elements from weekly news magazines, such as many large photos and at first was bound with staples. In an attempt to be free of pressure from business interests, it did not accept advertising. These departures from the norms of newspaper publishing created excitement in the industry. Some 11,000 people applied for the 150 jobs available when the publication first hired staff.

Publication history edit

 
In 1945, Coulton Waugh employed a novel art approach on his PM strip Hank. According to Waugh, Hank was "a deliberate attempt to work in the field of social usefulness."[1]

The origin of the name is unknown, although Ingersoll recalled that it probably referred to the fact that the paper appeared post meridiem (in the afternoon);[2] The New Yorker reported that the name had been suggested by Lillian Hellman.[3] (There is no historical evidence for the suggestion that the name was an abbreviation of Picture Magazine.)

The first year of the paper was a general success, though it was already in some financial trouble: its circulation of 100,000–200,000 was insufficient. Circulation averaged 165,000, but the paper never managed to sell the 225,000 copies a day it needed to break even. Marshall Field III had become the paper's funder; quite unusually, he was a "silent partner" in this continually money-losing undertaking.[4]

According to a June 21, 1966, memo from Ingersoll:

Before the end of the War it was actually operating in the black.... In my opinion at the time and these 20 years later−PM's death is most soundly attributable to a sustained and well-organized plot originating amongst Field's friends and associates in the business world who were alienated by Field's loyalty to PM and to me. The hostility was there from the beginning; the plot came together under the auspices of a man named Harry Cushing who was a retainer of Field's. The principal and successful offensive of this group was that it had as its objective Field's distraction from PM by persuading him to start the Sun in Chicago. Once they committed Field to the Sun venture, the end was inevitable. I can diagram it for you but merely put it on record here.[5]

PM was sold in 1948 and published its final issue on June 22. The next day it was replaced by the New York Star, which folded on January 28, 1949.

Politics edit

 
1942 World War II political cartoon by Dr. Seuss

Chronicles has accused the paper of being Communist-dominated,[6] but Anya Schiffrin has said that the paper frequently opposed the policies of the Communist Party (CP) and engaged in editorial battles with the CP's paper, the Daily Worker.[7]

Staff edit

Editors edit

Leo Huberman was labor editor.

Writers edit

I. F. Stone was the paper's Washington correspondent. He published an award-winning series on European Jewish refugees attempting to run the British blockade to reach Palestine (later collected and published as Underground to Palestine). Staffers included theater critic Louis Kronenberger and film critic Cecelia Ager. Kenneth G. Crawford wrote for PM from 1939 to 1942.

The sports writers were Tom Meany, Tom O’Reilly and George F. T. Ryall, who covered horse racing. Sophie Smoliar was the New York City reporter working frequently with photographer Arthur Felig ("Weegee") (submitted by her son and a collection of her original articles). Elizabeth Hawes wrote about fashion, and her sister Charlotte Adams covered food.[4][8]

Contributors edit

Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, published more than 400 cartoons on PM's editorial page.[8][9] Crockett Johnson's comic strip Barnaby debuted in the paper in 1942. Other artists who worked at PM included Ad Reinhardt, one of the founders of Abstract Expressionism, and Joseph Leboit; both contributed margin cartoons and drawings. Noted artist Jack Coggins contributed wartime artwork for at least nine issues between 1940 and 1942.[10]

Coulton Waugh created his short-lived strip, Hank, which began April 30, 1945, in PM. The story of a disabled G.I. returning to civilian life, Hank had a unique look due to Waugh's decorative art style, combined with dialogue lettered in upper and lower case rather than the accepted convention of all uppercase lettering in balloons and captions. Some dialogue was displayed with white lettering reversed into black balloons. Hank sought to raise questions about the reasons for war, and how it might be prevented by the next generation. Waugh discontinued it at the very end of 1945 because of eyestrain.[1] Cartoonist Jack Sparling created the short-lived comic strip Claire Voyant, which ran from 1943 to 1948 in PM, and which was subsequently syndicated by the Chicago Sun-Times. Cartoonist Howard Sparber ( Howard Paul Sparber; 1921–2018) contributed after World War II. The Argentine Cartoonist Dante Quinterno publishes: Patoruzú his successful strip in South America.

Other writers who contributed articles included Erskine Caldwell, Myril Axlerod, McGeorge Bundy, Saul K. Padover, James Wechsler, eventually the paper's editorial writer, Penn Kimball, later a professor at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, Myril Axelrod Bennett, Heywood Hale Broun, James Thurber, Dorothy Parker, Ernest Hemingway, Eugene Lyons, Earl Conrad, Benjamin Stolberg, Louis Adamic, Malcolm Cowley,[4] Tip O'Neill (later Speaker of the House;[8] and Ben Hecht.[4]

Photographers edit

Weegee, Margaret Bourke-White, Ray Platnick and Arthur Leipzig were the primary photographers.

  • Julius "Skippy" Adelman (born around 1924)[11][12]
  • John Albert (né John Joseph Albert; 1910–1972)
  • Bernie Aumuller (né Bernard A. Aumuller; 1920–1971), his father, Bernard George Aumuller (1895–1975) was also a photographer
  • Gene Badger
  • Margaret Bourke-White (1904–1971)
  • Hugh Broderick (né Hugh J. Broderick; 1910–1971)
  • William "Bill" Brunk (Los Angeles Examiner)
  • John S. DeBiase (1901–1954)[13]
  • John Derry
  • Stephen Derry
  • David Eisendrath, Jr. (né David Benjamin Eisendrath; 1914–1988)
  • Morris Engel (1918–2005)
  • Alan Fisher
  • Morris Gordon (1918–2005)
  • Irving Haberman (né Isaac Haberman; 1916–2003)
  • Martin Harris (1908–1971)
  • Dan Israel
  • Charles Fenno Jacobs (1904–1974)
  • Dan Keleher, (né Daniel J. Keleher, Jr., 1908–1952)
  • Peter Killian
  • Arthur Leipzig (né Isidore Leipzig; 1918–2014)[14]
  • Helen Levitt (1913–2009)
  • Leo Lieb (né Morris Leo Lieb; 1909–2001)
  • Ray Platnick (né Raphael Platnick; 1917–1986)
  • Weegee, (pseudonym of Arthur (Usher) Fellig (1899–1968)[15]
  • Mary "Morrie" Morris (né Mary Louise Morris; 1914–2009), one of the first female AP photographers and pioneer of white umbrellas used give a softer look to flash lighting and portraiture. She, in June 1937, married filmmaker Ralph Steiner. In 1963, she married classical record producer for Mercury, Harold Lawrence (né Harold Levine; 1923–2011), who, at the time, was the General Manager of the London Symphony Orchestra

Contributing photographers edit

Sunday magazine section edit

Picture News was the Sunday magazine section of PM.

Editor: William Thomas McCleery (1912–2000)
Managing editor: Herbert Yahraes (né Herbert Conrad Yahraes, Jr.; 1906–1985)
Associate editors: Lorimer Dexter Heywood (1899–1977), Kenneth Stewart, David Rodman Lindsay (1916–1985), Peggy Wright, Gertrude Stamm
Staff: Raymond Abrashkin (1911–1960), Skippy Adelman, Holly Beye (née Helen Beye; 1922–2011), W. Russell Bowie, Jr. (1920–2002) (son of Walter Russell Bowie), Mary Morris (maiden; 1914–2009), Charles Norman (1904–1996), Roger Samuel Pippett (1895–1962), Robert Rice (1916–1998), Selma Robinson (maiden; 1899–1977) (mother-in-law of Hymen B. Mintz), Dale Rooks (né Rhine Dale Rooks; 1917–1954) (photographer), Lillian E. Ross (née Lillian Rosovsky; 1918–2017)
Art director: H. Russell Countryman

See also edit

Bibliography edit

  • Jason E. Hill: Artist as Reporter. Weegee, Ad Reinhardt, and the PM News Picture. University of California Press, Oakland 2018. ISBN 978-0-520-29143-0
  • Paul Milkman: PM. A New Deal in Journalism 1940–1948. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick 1997. ISBN 0-8135-2434-2

References edit

  1. ^ a b Waugh, Coulton (1974) [1947]. The Comics. New York: Luna Press.
  2. ^ Hoopes, Roy (1985). Ralph Ingersoll: A Biography.. New York: Atheneum. p. 216. OCLC 1088214949.
  3. ^ "Notes & Comment: Newspaper". The New Yorker. 18 May 1940. pp. 13–14.
  4. ^ a b c d Starr, Roger (1918–2001). "PM: New York's Highbrow Tabloid". No. Summer 1993. City Journal. Retrieved 2018-01-24.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Ingersoll to Mrs. Leighner, Boston University Gottlieb Archives
  6. ^ "Leave Dr. Seuss for Dead".
  7. ^ Schiffrin, Anya (1984), "We Are Against People who Push Other People Around: A Study of the Newspaper", PM (B.A. thesis), Reed College, OCLC 268862072
  8. ^ a b c Nel, Philip, PhD (née Webb; born 1969). "About the Newspaper PM". The Crockett Johnson Homepage. Retrieved 2023-11-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ "Serious Seuss: Children's author as political cartoonist". CNN.com. October 17, 1999.
  10. ^ "Jack Coggins - Newspaper PM Illustrations". January 13, 2018.
  11. ^ Jazz Pix: Skippy Adelman's Pictures Have the Spontaniety That is the Very Soul of Jazz, vol. 18, Popular Photography, June 1946, p. 54
  12. ^ The Hardboiled School of Photography: The Legend of Skip Adelman, PM's Picture Ace, vol. 8, Minicam Photography, April 1945, pp. 30, 33, 80, 82
  13. ^ "John S. DeBiase". New York Daily News. 1954-05-18. p. 27C. (accessible via Newspapers.com, subscription required)
  14. ^ "Interviews with ASMP Founder: Arthur Leipzig"". American Society of Media Photographers. 1966. (re: Arthur Leipzig), interview and transcript by Kay Reese & Mimi Leipzig
    ASMP staff edited the transcript for online presentation and added supplemental biographic information.
  15. ^ Pelizzon, V. Penelope; West, Nancy M. (2010), "Tabloid, Inc.: Crimes, Newspapers, Narratives" (PDF), Theory and Interpretation of Narrative, Ohio State University Press, hdl:1811/44630


External links edit

  • Fulton History newspaper archive for PM
  • Morris Engel Archive
  • Old Magazine Articles
  • Kansas State University
  • Dr. Seuss Went to War
  • "90 años de Patoruzú: de cómo un tehuelche se convirtió en el máximo héroe de la historieta argentina". infobae (in European Spanish).

newspaper, liberal, leaning, daily, newspaper, published, york, city, ralph, ingersoll, from, june, 1940, june, 1948, financed, chicago, millionaire, marshall, field, pmtypedaily, newspaperfounder, ralph, ingersollfoundedjune, 1940political, alignmentliberalce. PM was a liberal leaning daily newspaper published in New York City by Ralph Ingersoll from June 1940 to June 1948 and financed by Chicago millionaire Marshall Field III PMTypeDaily newspaperFounder s Ralph IngersollFoundedJune 1940Political alignmentLiberalCeased publicationJune 1948HeadquartersNew York CityCirculation165 000The paper borrowed many elements from weekly news magazines such as many large photos and at first was bound with staples In an attempt to be free of pressure from business interests it did not accept advertising These departures from the norms of newspaper publishing created excitement in the industry Some 11 000 people applied for the 150 jobs available when the publication first hired staff Contents 1 Publication history 2 Politics 3 Staff 3 1 Editors 3 2 Writers 3 3 Contributors 3 4 Photographers 3 5 Contributing photographers 3 6 Sunday magazine section 4 See also 5 Bibliography 6 References 7 External linksPublication history edit nbsp In 1945 Coulton Waugh employed a novel art approach on his PM strip Hank According to Waugh Hank was a deliberate attempt to work in the field of social usefulness 1 The origin of the name is unknown although Ingersoll recalled that it probably referred to the fact that the paper appeared post meridiem in the afternoon 2 The New Yorker reported that the name had been suggested by Lillian Hellman 3 There is no historical evidence for the suggestion that the name was an abbreviation of Picture Magazine The first year of the paper was a general success though it was already in some financial trouble its circulation of 100 000 200 000 was insufficient Circulation averaged 165 000 but the paper never managed to sell the 225 000 copies a day it needed to break even Marshall Field III had become the paper s funder quite unusually he was a silent partner in this continually money losing undertaking 4 According to a June 21 1966 memo from Ingersoll Before the end of the War it was actually operating in the black In my opinion at the time and these 20 years later PM s death is most soundly attributable to a sustained and well organized plot originating amongst Field s friends and associates in the business world who were alienated by Field s loyalty to PM and to me The hostility was there from the beginning the plot came together under the auspices of a man named Harry Cushing who was a retainer of Field s The principal and successful offensive of this group was that it had as its objective Field s distraction from PM by persuading him to start the Sun in Chicago Once they committed Field to the Sun venture the end was inevitable I can diagram it for you but merely put it on record here 5 PM was sold in 1948 and published its final issue on June 22 The next day it was replaced by the New York Star which folded on January 28 1949 Politics edit nbsp 1942 World War II political cartoon by Dr SeussChronicles has accused the paper of being Communist dominated 6 but Anya Schiffrin has said that the paper frequently opposed the policies of the Communist Party CP and engaged in editorial battles with the CP s paper the Daily Worker 7 Staff editEditors edit Leo Huberman was labor editor Writers edit I F Stone was the paper s Washington correspondent He published an award winning series on European Jewish refugees attempting to run the British blockade to reach Palestine later collected and published as Underground to Palestine Staffers included theater critic Louis Kronenberger and film critic Cecelia Ager Kenneth G Crawford wrote for PM from 1939 to 1942 The sports writers were Tom Meany Tom O Reilly and George F T Ryall who covered horse racing Sophie Smoliar was the New York City reporter working frequently with photographer Arthur Felig Weegee submitted by her son and a collection of her original articles Elizabeth Hawes wrote about fashion and her sister Charlotte Adams covered food 4 8 Contributors edit Theodor Geisel better known as Dr Seuss published more than 400 cartoons on PM s editorial page 8 9 Crockett Johnson s comic strip Barnaby debuted in the paper in 1942 Other artists who worked at PM included Ad Reinhardt one of the founders of Abstract Expressionism and Joseph Leboit both contributed margin cartoons and drawings Noted artist Jack Coggins contributed wartime artwork for at least nine issues between 1940 and 1942 10 Coulton Waugh created his short lived strip Hank which began April 30 1945 in PM The story of a disabled G I returning to civilian life Hank had a unique look due to Waugh s decorative art style combined with dialogue lettered in upper and lower case rather than the accepted convention of all uppercase lettering in balloons and captions Some dialogue was displayed with white lettering reversed into black balloons Hank sought to raise questions about the reasons for war and how it might be prevented by the next generation Waugh discontinued it at the very end of 1945 because of eyestrain 1 Cartoonist Jack Sparling created the short lived comic strip Claire Voyant which ran from 1943 to 1948 in PM and which was subsequently syndicated by the Chicago Sun Times Cartoonist Howard Sparber ne Howard Paul Sparber 1921 2018 contributed after World War II The Argentine Cartoonist Dante Quinterno publishes Patoruzu his successful strip in South America Other writers who contributed articles included Erskine Caldwell Myril Axlerod McGeorge Bundy Saul K Padover James Wechsler eventually the paper s editorial writer Penn Kimball later a professor at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism Myril Axelrod Bennett Heywood Hale Broun James Thurber Dorothy Parker Ernest Hemingway Eugene Lyons Earl Conrad Benjamin Stolberg Louis Adamic Malcolm Cowley 4 Tip O Neill later Speaker of the House 8 and Ben Hecht 4 Photographers edit Weegee Margaret Bourke White Ray Platnick and Arthur Leipzig were the primary photographers Julius Skippy Adelman born around 1924 11 12 John Albert ne John Joseph Albert 1910 1972 Bernie Aumuller ne Bernard A Aumuller 1920 1971 his father Bernard George Aumuller 1895 1975 was also a photographer Gene Badger Margaret Bourke White 1904 1971 Hugh Broderick ne Hugh J Broderick 1910 1971 William Bill Brunk Los Angeles Examiner John S DeBiase 1901 1954 13 John Derry Stephen Derry David Eisendrath Jr ne David Benjamin Eisendrath 1914 1988 Morris Engel 1918 2005 Alan Fisher Morris Gordon 1918 2005 Irving Haberman ne Isaac Haberman 1916 2003 Martin Harris 1908 1971 Dan Israel Charles Fenno Jacobs 1904 1974 Dan Keleher ne Daniel J Keleher Jr 1908 1952 Peter Killian Arthur Leipzig ne Isidore Leipzig 1918 2014 14 Helen Levitt 1913 2009 Leo Lieb ne Morris Leo Lieb 1909 2001 Ray Platnick ne Raphael Platnick 1917 1986 Weegee pseudonym of Arthur Usher Fellig 1899 1968 15 Mary Morrie Morris ne Mary Louise Morris 1914 2009 one of the first female AP photographers and pioneer of white umbrellas used give a softer look to flash lighting and portraiture She in June 1937 married filmmaker Ralph Steiner In 1963 she married classical record producer for Mercury Harold Lawrence ne Harold Levine 1923 2011 who at the time was the General Manager of the London Symphony Orchestra Contributing photographers edit Robert Capa 1913 1954 Walker Evans 1903 1975 Edward Weston 1886 1958 Edward Steichen 1879 1973 Ralph Steiner 1899 1986 Sunday magazine section edit Picture News was the Sunday magazine section of PM Editor William Thomas McCleery 1912 2000 Managing editor Herbert Yahraes ne Herbert Conrad Yahraes Jr 1906 1985 Associate editors Lorimer Dexter Heywood 1899 1977 Kenneth Stewart David Rodman Lindsay 1916 1985 Peggy Wright Gertrude Stamm Staff Raymond Abrashkin 1911 1960 Skippy Adelman Holly Beye nee Helen Beye 1922 2011 W Russell Bowie Jr 1920 2002 son of Walter Russell Bowie Mary Morris maiden 1914 2009 Charles Norman 1904 1996 Roger Samuel Pippett 1895 1962 Robert Rice 1916 1998 Selma Robinson maiden 1899 1977 mother in law of Hymen B Mintz Dale Rooks ne Rhine Dale Rooks 1917 1954 photographer Lillian E Ross nee Lillian Rosovsky 1918 2017 Art director H Russell CountrymanSee also editThe Day BookBibliography editJason E Hill Artist as Reporter Weegee Ad Reinhardt and thePMNews Picture University of California Press Oakland 2018 ISBN 978 0 520 29143 0 Paul Milkman PM A New Deal in Journalism 1940 1948 Rutgers University Press New Brunswick 1997 ISBN 0 8135 2434 2References edit a b Waugh Coulton 1974 1947 The Comics New York Luna Press Hoopes Roy 1985 Ralph Ingersoll A Biography New York Atheneum p 216 OCLC 1088214949 Notes amp Comment Newspaper The New Yorker 18 May 1940 pp 13 14 a b c d Starr Roger 1918 2001 PM New York s Highbrow Tabloid No Summer 1993 City Journal Retrieved 2018 01 24 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Ingersoll to Mrs Leighner Boston University Gottlieb Archives Leave Dr Seuss for Dead Schiffrin Anya 1984 We Are Against People who Push Other People Around A Study of the Newspaper PM B A thesis Reed College OCLC 268862072 a b c Nel Philip PhD nee Webb born 1969 About the Newspaper PM The Crockett Johnson Homepage Retrieved 2023 11 16 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Serious Seuss Children s author as political cartoonist CNN com October 17 1999 Jack Coggins Newspaper PM Illustrations January 13 2018 Jazz Pix Skippy Adelman s Pictures Have the Spontaniety That is the Very Soul of Jazz vol 18 Popular Photography June 1946 p 54 The Hardboiled School of Photography The Legend of Skip Adelman PM s Picture Ace vol 8 Minicam Photography April 1945 pp 30 33 80 82 John S DeBiase New York Daily News 1954 05 18 p 27C accessible via Newspapers com subscription required Interviews with ASMP Founder Arthur Leipzig American Society of Media Photographers 1966 re Arthur Leipzig interview and transcript by Kay Reese amp Mimi Leipzig ASMP staff edited the transcript for online presentation and added supplemental biographic information Pelizzon V Penelope West Nancy M 2010 Tabloid Inc Crimes Newspapers Narratives PDF Theory and Interpretation of Narrative Ohio State University Press hdl 1811 44630External links editFulton History newspaper archive for PM Morris Engel Archive Old Magazine Articles Kansas State University Dr Seuss Went to War 90 anos de Patoruzu de como un tehuelche se convirtio en el maximo heroe de la historieta argentina infobae in European Spanish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title PM newspaper amp oldid 1192155051, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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