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Oto-Pamean languages

The Oto-Pamean languages are a branch of the Oto-Manguean languages that includes languages of the Otomi-Mazahua, Matlatzinca, and Pamean language groups all of which are spoken in central Mexico. Like all Oto-Manguean languages, the Oto-Pamean languages are tonal languages, though most have relatively simple tone systems.[1] Unlike many Oto-Manguean languages that tend towards an isolating typology, they are morphologically complex headmarking languages with complex systems of conjugational classes both for verbs and nouns, and in the Pamean languages there are highly complex patterns of suppletion.

Oto-Pamean
Geographic
distribution
Mexico
Linguistic classificationOto-Manguean
  • Western ?
    • Oto-Pame–Chinantecan ?
      • Oto-Pamean
Subdivisions
Glottologotop1242

Classification

Proto-language

Proto-Oto-Pamean
Reconstruction ofOto-Pamean languages

Four vowels with nasalization contrast are reconstructed for Proto-Oto-Pamean by Bartholomew (1989):[5]

  • *a, *e, *i, *o
  • *ã, *ẽ, *ĩ, *õ


Lexical reconstructions of Proto-Oto-Pamean by Bartholomew (1989) are given below, along with synchronic Oto-Pamean languages:[5]

English gloss Proto-Oto-Pamean Otomi Matlazinca North Pame Mazahua Ocuilteco Chichimeco
chile *ʔi ʔi mi ʔei ʔiʔi mi ʔe
blood *kʰi kʰi či-hyabi kkʰi kʰiʔi nči-hya kʰe
squirrel *mi-nã minã mini meigŋ mi
tell *si-p šipʰi ši sep šipʰi se
pull *kiʔHC-mʔ kʰɨʔmi kɨɨza kkeʔedn kʰɨbʔɨ nkɨbi keʔenʔ
chin *kʰiHC-nʔ kʰɨni nčɨri kʰwelʔ kʔɨdʔɨ nčɨli
beans *kʰiHC-ʔ kʰɨ čʰɨ nkʰweʔ kʰɨʔɨ čʰɨ kʰeʔ
louse *tʔo tʔoni tʔo lʔo tʔoʔo tʔo rʔo
house *tʔo-s tʔoši 'bed' tʔoši 'supper' lʔos tʔošɨ 'bed' rʔos
stone *=to do nto to ndo nto ro
flower *=toHC-n dəni təni togŋ ndəhnə ndə ro
hen *ʔoHC-n ʔəni ʔəni ʔogŋ ʔənə ʔə
hear *ʔoHC-t ʔəde ʔəti ʔoʔ ʔərə ʔəti ʔo
water *=teh dege tawi ndehe nta ri
to weave *pe pe pa ppæ peʔe mpa pi
mouth *ne ne na neʔe ši-na 'lips' ni
people *te te ta teʔe tạ
spider *me-s meše maši mæs meše maši
to cough *hyeh hehe hyewi 'a cold' hhæ hehe he
a cold *t-heh tʰehe hyewi ri-tʰyæʔæ tʰe
one *nʔa ʔna dawi nda daha la ntʔa
plain *mʔa-tʰa ʔmatʰa bati nibia bʔatʰɨ bati
horse *pah-nʔ pʰani pari wahalʔ pʰadʔɨ bali
straw mat *pĩh-ʔ ši-mpʰĩ mpʰiwi ppẽhiʔ pʰi-ngwa pʰi
drunken *tĩ, *nĩ ntĩ nimi tĩʔi ni
to look *nõ nu nnõʔo nũʔu nu 'wake up' nũʔu
to tie up *tõ-tʔ/cʔ tũtʔi tuncʔi 'know' ttocʔ 'knot' tũntʔɨ tuncʔi tucʔ 'knot'
to die *tũ tuwi ttõ tũʔu tu
owner *mʰõ ʰmũ mʰu mʰõʔ ʰmũʔu mʰu mʰũ
to steal *pẽ pæ̃ pewi ppæ̃ pẽ pe ppĩ
tortilla *mʰẽ ʰmæ̃ mʰewi mʰæ̃ mʰe
tamale *tʰẽ-t tʰæ̃di tʰeti lʰæ̃ʔæ tʰẽʒẽ tʰenti rʔĩhi
atole *tʔẽ-m tʔæ̃i tʔemi lʔæ̃ŋ tʔẽʰme tʔe rʔĩ
to roast *hã-s hãši həši hãs hãša həši hüs
to say *mã-m məmi mmãŋ mãmã
to know *pã-t pãdi pəya ppã 'visit' pãra mpəya pã 'see'
to buy *tao-m tɔi tami ttaogŋ tɔmɨ ta ta
mucus *mʔao-s ʔmɔši maši 'nose' mbaos bʔɔšɨ maši 'nose'
to ask *ʔao-nʔ ʔɔni ʔari ʔahodnʔ ʔɔnɨ ʔali ʔan
to try *cao copi cʔaoʔ sɔʔɔ co
avocado *cʔao-n cʔɔni cʔoni cʔaogŋ sʔɔhnɨ cʔo
to stand up *mʔao-mʔ ʔmɔi bʔɔbʔɨ nbohobi
white *tʔoa-s tʔaši tʔoši ddoa tʔɔšɨ nuʔu
plow *tʔoa-p tʔabi tʔopi tʔɔbi tʔopi rʔu
bat *coa-cʔ cacʔi cocʔi čoacʔ cocʔi
foot *koa gwa kwahtu koa ngwaʔa gu
wing *hoa hwa nʰowi hoa hwaʔa nʰo
maguey *nʔoa ʔwada ddoa ʔwadɨ nlooti nʔu
bitter *kʰão kʰũ čʰə kʰão kʰõʔo čʰə kʰã
to sing *tãoh tũhu təwi ndão tõho
moon *mʔão-ʔ mbə mʔãoʔ mʔãʔ
night *são-m šũi šəmi são šõmɨ lšũ
shadow *são-t/mʔ šũdi šubi sãot šõrɨ čʰubi
corn *tʰõa tʰã tʰuwi lʰõa tʰõʔo tʰu
cornfield *nhõa-ʰm hwãhi nomi nʰõa hwãʰma nu nʰũ
to confess *kõah- kʰwãni kunya kkõaho kʰwãmʔa
to beat *paih-ʔmʔ pʰæʔmi papi ppahiʔ pʰæʔbʔi pe
to abandon *hai-k/mʔ hægi habi haigŋ hæzi habi he
abandoned *hi-ai-k hyægi heči nʰiagŋ hyæzi heči hi
hand *nʔi-ai ʔyæ ye nʔia dyʔæʔæ ye nʔi
liver *nia ya ya 'heart' nia ya 'heart'
to dance *nãih-mʔ nẽi nəbi nnãhiʔ nẽmʔe nəhəbi nẽheʔ
to nurse *coi čuʔu ciʔ siʔi ci čüʔ
to ride horseback *teog təge llæogŋ čəgə nde
to burn *ceo nze ceti zərə
meat *nkoeHC ngə ŋgwæʔ nge gu
star *coeHC nceʔe sehe ce
cold *coe ce sæʔæ ce či
to split wood *coe-nʔ cæni seri ccæʔædn celi čin
fly *ʔõi ʔwæ̃ ʔu ʔẽi ʔwæ ngwi ʔẽ
hunger *tʰõi tʰũhu lʰõi tʰĩʰmi tʰu
squash *mõih-ʔ muhu mõhiʔ mũʔu muʰli mũhuʔ
sand *mĩo-m -mũ mumi mmẽoŋ mu
full *nĩo-t yũdi nuti næ̃ ñiʒi nuti
three *nʰĩo hyũ hyu nʰõʔ ʰñĩʔi hyu nʰũ

References

  1. ^ Arellanes, F., Carranza, L., Peón, M. E. C., Fidencio, V., Guerrero, A., Knapp, M., & Romero, A. Hacia una tipología tonal de las lenguas otopames. RAÍCES, 1(2), 3.
  2. ^ Palancar, Enrique L. 2016. Oto-Pamean
  3. ^ Bartholomew, Doris. 1965. The Reconstruction of Oto-Pamean (Mexico). PhD Dissertation. Tulane University.
  4. ^ Soustelle, J., 1937. La Famille Otomi-Pame du Mexique Central. Travaux et Mémoires de l̂Institut d̂Ethnologie. Paris: Université de Paris.
  5. ^ a b Bartholomew, Doris A. 1989. The Proto Otopamean vowel system and the development of Matlatzinca. In Mary Ritchie Key and Henry M. Hoenigswald (eds.), General and Amerindian ethnolinguistics: in remembrance of Stanley Newman, 345-363. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

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The Oto Pamean languages are a branch of the Oto Manguean languages that includes languages of the Otomi Mazahua Matlatzinca and Pamean language groups all of which are spoken in central Mexico Like all Oto Manguean languages the Oto Pamean languages are tonal languages though most have relatively simple tone systems 1 Unlike many Oto Manguean languages that tend towards an isolating typology they are morphologically complex headmarking languages with complex systems of conjugational classes both for verbs and nouns and in the Pamean languages there are highly complex patterns of suppletion Oto PameanGeographicdistributionMexicoLinguistic classificationOto MangueanWestern Oto Pame Chinantecan Oto PameanSubdivisionsOtomian Matlatzinca Chichimeca Jonaz PameGlottologotop1242Classification EditOtomian Otomi Northwestern Otomi Tilapa Otomi Sierra Otomi Central Mexican Otomi Toluca Otomi Tlaxcala Otomi Mazahua 12 different varieties Matlatzincan Ocuilteco Tlawika Matlatzinca de Oxtotilpan Pame Northern Pame Central Pame Southern Pame Chichimeco Jonaz 2 3 4 Proto language EditProto Oto PameanReconstruction ofOto Pamean languagesFour vowels with nasalization contrast are reconstructed for Proto Oto Pamean by Bartholomew 1989 5 a e i o a ẽ ĩ oLexical reconstructions of Proto Oto Pamean by Bartholomew 1989 are given below along with synchronic Oto Pamean languages 5 English gloss Proto Oto Pamean Otomi Matlazinca North Pame Mazahua Ocuilteco Chichimecochile ʔi ʔi mi ʔei ʔiʔi mi ʔeblood kʰi kʰi ci hyabi kkʰi kʰiʔi nci hya kʰesquirrel mi na mina mini meigŋ mitell si p sipʰi si sep sipʰi sepull kiʔHC mʔ kʰɨʔmi kɨɨza kkeʔedn kʰɨbʔɨ nkɨbi keʔenʔchin kʰiHC nʔ kʰɨni ncɨri kʰwelʔ kʔɨdʔɨ ncɨlibeans kʰiHC ʔ kʰɨ cʰɨ nkʰweʔ kʰɨʔɨ cʰɨ kʰeʔlouse tʔo tʔoni tʔo lʔo tʔoʔo tʔo rʔohouse tʔo s tʔosi bed tʔosi supper lʔos tʔosɨ bed rʔosstone to do nto to ndo nto roflower toHC n deni teni togŋ ndehne nde rohen ʔoHC n ʔeni ʔeni ʔogŋ ʔene ʔehear ʔoHC t ʔede ʔeti ʔoʔ ʔere ʔeti ʔowater teh dege tawi tae ndehe nta rito weave pe pe pa ppae peʔe mpa pimouth ne ne na nae neʔe si na lips nipeople te te ta lae teʔe tạspider me s mese masi maes mese masito cough hyeh hehe hyewi a cold hhae hehe hea cold t heh tʰehe hyewi ri tʰyaeʔae tʰeone nʔa ʔna dawi nda daha la ntʔaplain mʔa tʰa ʔmatʰa bati nibia bʔatʰɨ batihorse pah nʔ pʰani pari wahalʔ pʰadʔɨ balistraw mat pĩh ʔ si mpʰĩ mpʰiwi ppẽhiʔ pʰi ngwa pʰidrunken tĩ nĩ ntĩ nimi tĩʔi nito look no nũ nu nnoʔo nũʔu nu wake up nũʔuto tie up to tʔ cʔ tũtʔi tuncʔi know ttocʔ knot tũntʔɨ tuncʔi tucʔ knot to die tũ tũ tuwi tto tũʔu tu rũowner mʰo ʰmũ mʰu mʰoʔ ʰmũʔu mʰu mʰũto steal pẽ pae pewi ppae pẽ pe ppĩtortilla mʰẽ ʰmae mʰewi mʰae mʰetamale tʰẽ t tʰae di tʰeti lʰae ʔae tʰẽʒẽ tʰenti rʔĩhiatole tʔẽ m tʔae i tʔemi lʔae ŋ tʔẽʰme tʔe rʔĩto roast ha s hasi hesi has hasa hesi husto say ma m ma memi mmaŋ mama me mato know pa t padi peya ppa visit para mpeya pa see to buy tao m tɔi tami ttaogŋ tɔmɨ ta tamucus mʔao s ʔmɔsi masi nose mbaos bʔɔsɨ masi nose to ask ʔao nʔ ʔɔni ʔari ʔahodnʔ ʔɔnɨ ʔali ʔanto try cao cɔ copi cʔaoʔ sɔʔɔ coavocado cʔao n cʔɔni cʔoni cʔaogŋ sʔɔhnɨ cʔoto stand up mʔao mʔ ʔmɔi bʔɔbʔɨ nbohobiwhite tʔoa s tʔasi tʔosi ddoa tʔɔsɨ nuʔuplow tʔoa p tʔabi tʔopi tʔɔbi tʔopi rʔubat coa cʔ cacʔi cocʔi coacʔ cocʔifoot koa gwa kwahtu koa ngwaʔa guwing hoa hwa nʰowi hoa hwaʔa nʰomaguey nʔoa ʔwada ddoa ʔwadɨ nlooti nʔubitter kʰao kʰũ cʰe kʰao kʰoʔo cʰe kʰato sing taoh tũhu tewi ndao toho temoon mʔao ʔ mbe mʔaoʔ be mʔaʔnight sao m sũi semi sao somɨ lsũ sashadow sao t mʔ sũdi subi saot sorɨ cʰubicorn tʰoa tʰa tʰuwi lʰoa tʰoʔo tʰucornfield nhoa ʰm hwahi nomi nʰoa hwaʰma nu nʰũto confess koah kʰwani kunya kkoaho kʰwamʔato beat paih ʔmʔ pʰaeʔmi papi ppahiʔ pʰaeʔbʔi peto abandon hai k mʔ haegi habi haigŋ haezi habi heabandoned hi ai k hyaegi heci nʰiagŋ hyaezi heci hihand nʔi ai ʔyae ye nʔia dyʔaeʔae ye nʔiliver nia ya ya heart nia ya heart to dance naih mʔ nẽi nebi nnahiʔ nẽmʔe nehebi nẽheʔto nurse coi cɨ cuʔu ciʔ siʔi ci cuʔto ride horseback teog tege llaeogŋ cege ndeto burn ceo nze ceti zeremeat nkoeHC nge ŋgwaeʔ nge gustar coeHC ce nceʔe sehe cecold coe cae ce cae saeʔae ce cito split wood coe nʔ caeni seri ccaeʔaedn celi cinfly ʔoi ʔwae ʔu ʔẽi ʔwae ngwi ʔẽhunger tʰoi tʰũhu lʰoi tʰĩʰmi tʰusquash moih ʔ mũ muhu mohiʔ mũʔu muʰli mũhuʔsand mĩo m mũ mumi mmẽoŋ mufull nĩo t yũdi nuti nae niʒi nutithree nʰĩo hyũ hyu nʰoʔ ʰnĩʔi hyu nʰũReferences Edit Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix Proto Oto Pamean reconstructions Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix Proto Central Otomian reconstructions Arellanes F Carranza L Peon M E C Fidencio V Guerrero A Knapp M amp Romero A Hacia una tipologia tonal de las lenguas otopames RAICES 1 2 3 Palancar Enrique L 2016 Oto Pamean Bartholomew Doris 1965 The Reconstruction of Oto Pamean Mexico PhD Dissertation Tulane University Soustelle J 1937 La Famille Otomi Pame du Mexique Central Travaux et Memoires de l Institut d Ethnologie Paris Universite de Paris a b Bartholomew Doris A 1989 The Proto Otopamean vowel system and the development of Matlatzinca In Mary Ritchie Key and Henry M Hoenigswald eds General and Amerindian ethnolinguistics in remembrance of Stanley Newman 345 363 Berlin Mouton de Gruyter Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oto Pamean languages amp oldid 1038470211, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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