Ostomachion (after Suter; this version requires a lateral stretch by a factor of two to match that in the Archimedes Palimpsest[citation needed])Ostomachion (after Suter): square reformed with some pieces turned overOstomachion figures mentioned by Ausonius and others (Bibliotheca Augustana)
The word Ostomachion (Ὀστομάχιον)[2] comes from Greekὀστέον (osteon) 'bone', and μάχη (mache) 'fight, battle, combat'.[3][4] The manuscripts refer to the word as "Stomachion", an apparent corruption of the original Greek. Ausonius gives us the correct name "Ostomachion" (quod Graeci ostomachion vocavere, "which the Greeks called ostomachion").
The Ostomachion which he describes was a puzzle similar to tangrams and was played perhaps by several persons with pieces made of bone.[5] It is not known which is older, Archimedes' geometrical investigation of the figure, or the game. Victorinus,[6]Bassus[7]Ennodius[8] and Lucretius[9] have also discussed the game.
The game is a 14-piece dissection puzzle forming a square. One form of play to which classical texts attest is the creation of different objects, animals, plants etc. by rearranging the pieces: an elephant, a tree, a barking dog, a ship, a sword, a tower etc. Another suggestion is that it exercised and developed memory skills in the young. James Gow, in his Short History of Greek Mathematics (1884), footnotes that the purpose was to put the pieces back in their box, and this was also a view expressed by W. W. Rouse Ball in some intermediate editions of Mathematical Essays and Recreations, but edited out from 1939.
The number of different ways to arrange the parts of the Stomachions within a square were determined to be 17,152 by Fan Chung, Persi Diaconis, Susan P. Holmes, and Ronald Graham, and confirmed by a computer search by William H. Cutler.[10] However, this count has been disputed because surviving images of the puzzle show it in a rectangle, not a square, and rotations or reflections of pieces may not have been allowed.[11]
Referencesedit
^Darling, David (2004). The universal book of mathematics: from Abracadabra to Zeno's paradoxes. John Wiley and Sons, p. 188. ISBN0-471-27047-4
^ὀστομάχιον, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^ὀστέον, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^μάχη, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^Ausonii Cento nuptialis in Monumenta Germaniae Historica, auctores antiquissimi, vol. 5, part 2: D. Magni Ausonii opuscola, Berolini apud Weidmannos, 1883, pagg. 140-41 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine.
^Ars grammatica, III, 1 in Grammatici latini, Lipsiae in aedibus R. G. Teubneri, 1857, vol. 6, part 1, pagg. 100-01.
^De metris, 9 in Grammatici latini cit., pagg. 271-72,
^Carmen CCCXL (2, 133) in Monumenta Germaniae Historica, auctores antiquissimi, vol. 7, Magni Felicis Ennodi opera, Berolini apud Weidmannos, 1885, pag. 249 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine
^De rerum natura, II, 776-787 cited in Netz, Reviel; Acerbi, Fabio; Wilson, Nigel (2004). (PDF). Sciamvs. 5: 67–99. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
^Kolata, Gina (December 14, 2003), "In Archimedes' Puzzle, a New Eureka Moment", The New York Times
^Huxley, G. L. (Winter 2009), "Review of Ludic Proof: Greek Mathematics and the Alexandrian Aesthetic", Hermathena, 187: 116–121, JSTOR 23317530
Further readingedit
J. L. Heiberg, Archimedis opera omnia, vol. 2, pp. 420 ff., Leipzig: Teubner 1881
Reviel Netz & William Noel, The Archimedes Codex (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2007)
J. Väterlein, Roma ludens (Heuremata - Studien zu Literatur, Sprachen und Kultur der Antike, Bd. 5), Amsterdam: Verlag B. R. Grüner bv 1976
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stomachion.
Heinrich Suter, Loculus
James Gow, Short History
W. W. R. Ball, Recreations and Essays
The Ostomachion at the Bibliotheca Augustana
Ostomachion, a Graeco-Roman puzzle
Kolata, Gina. "In Archimedes' Puzzle, a New Eureka Moment." The New York Times. December 14, 2003
Ostomachion and others tangram Play with 38 Tangram games online: more than 7,300 shapes proposed by the program.
January 05, 2024
ostomachion, this, section, possibly, contains, original, research, please, improve, verifying, claims, made, adding, inline, citations, statements, consisting, only, original, research, should, removed, october, 2013, learn, when, remove, this, template, mess. This section possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed October 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message In ancient Greek geometry the Ostomachion also known as loculus Archimedius from Latin Archimedes box or syntomachion is a mathematical treatise attributed to Archimedes This work has survived fragmentarily in an Arabic version and a copy the Archimedes Palimpsest of the original ancient Greek text made in Byzantine times 1 Ostomachion after Suter this version requires a lateral stretch by a factor of two to match that in the Archimedes Palimpsest citation needed Ostomachion after Suter square reformed with some pieces turned overOstomachion figures mentioned by Ausonius and others Bibliotheca Augustana The word Ostomachion Ὀstomaxion 2 comes from Greek ὀsteon osteon bone and maxh mache fight battle combat 3 4 The manuscripts refer to the word as Stomachion an apparent corruption of the original Greek Ausonius gives us the correct name Ostomachion quod Graeci ostomachion vocavere which the Greeks called ostomachion The Ostomachion which he describes was a puzzle similar to tangrams and was played perhaps by several persons with pieces made of bone 5 It is not known which is older Archimedes geometrical investigation of the figure or the game Victorinus 6 Bassus 7 Ennodius 8 and Lucretius 9 have also discussed the game Contents 1 Game 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksGame editThe game is a 14 piece dissection puzzle forming a square One form of play to which classical texts attest is the creation of different objects animals plants etc by rearranging the pieces an elephant a tree a barking dog a ship a sword a tower etc Another suggestion is that it exercised and developed memory skills in the young James Gow in his Short History of Greek Mathematics 1884 footnotes that the purpose was to put the pieces back in their box and this was also a view expressed by W W Rouse Ball in some intermediate editions of Mathematical Essays and Recreations but edited out from 1939 The number of different ways to arrange the parts of the Stomachions within a square were determined to be 17 152 by Fan Chung Persi Diaconis Susan P Holmes and Ronald Graham and confirmed by a computer search by William H Cutler 10 However this count has been disputed because surviving images of the puzzle show it in a rectangle not a square and rotations or reflections of pieces may not have been allowed 11 References edit Darling David 2004 The universal book of mathematics from Abracadabra to Zeno s paradoxes John Wiley and Sons p 188 ISBN 0 471 27047 4 ὀstomaxion Henry George Liddell Robert Scott A Greek English Lexicon on Perseus Digital Library ὀsteon Henry George Liddell Robert Scott A Greek English Lexicon on Perseus Digital Library maxh Henry George Liddell Robert Scott A Greek English Lexicon on Perseus Digital Library Ausonii Cento nuptialis in Monumenta Germaniae Historica auctores antiquissimi vol 5 part 2 D Magni Ausonii opuscola Berolini apud Weidmannos 1883 pagg 140 41 Archived 2015 09 23 at the Wayback Machine Ars grammatica III 1 in Grammatici latini Lipsiae in aedibus R G Teubneri 1857 vol 6 part 1 pagg 100 01 De metris 9 in Grammatici latini cit pagg 271 72 Carmen CCCXL 2 133 in Monumenta Germaniae Historica auctores antiquissimi vol 7 Magni Felicis Ennodi opera Berolini apud Weidmannos 1885 pag 249 Archived 2016 03 06 at the Wayback Machine De rerum natura II 776 787 cited in Netz Reviel Acerbi Fabio Wilson Nigel 2004 Towards a reconstruction of Archimedes Stomachion PDF Sciamvs 5 67 99 Archived from the original PDF on 4 October 2013 Retrieved 3 October 2013 Kolata Gina December 14 2003 In Archimedes Puzzle a New Eureka Moment The New York Times Huxley G L Winter 2009 Review of Ludic Proof Greek Mathematics and the Alexandrian Aesthetic Hermathena 187 116 121 JSTOR 23317530Further reading editJ L Heiberg Archimedis opera omnia vol 2 pp 420 ff Leipzig Teubner 1881 Reviel Netz amp William Noel The Archimedes Codex Weidenfeld amp Nicolson 2007 J Vaterlein Roma ludens Heuremata Studien zu Literatur Sprachen und Kultur der Antike Bd 5 Amsterdam Verlag B R Gruner bv 1976External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stomachion Heinrich Suter Loculus James Gow Short History W W R Ball Recreations and Essays The Ostomachion at the Bibliotheca Augustana Ostomachion a Graeco Roman puzzle Professor Chris Rorres Kolata Gina In Archimedes Puzzle a New Eureka Moment The New York Times December 14 2003 A tour of Archimedes Stomachion by Fan Chung and Ronald Graham Ostomachion and others tangram Play with 38 Tangram games online more than 7 300 shapes proposed by the program Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ostomachion amp oldid 1184891756, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
