Theodoros Orphanides or Orphanidis (Greek: Θεόδωρος Ορφανίδης; 1817 – 5 August 1886) was a poet, professor, politician, author, and botanist. He was a pioneer in 19th-century Greek botany. He helped organize the botanical garden in Greece. The genus Orphanidesia is named after him. He collected 3483 specimens from 21 countries and identified 413 specimens from 9 different countries. He was a Professor of Botany at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He was one of the leading representatives of the First Athenian School. He received the Ralio award three times.[1][2][3][4]
He was born in Izmir but his parents were from Chios, Greece. He was from a prominent wealthy family. His older brother was Dimitris Orphanides. He was a world-renowned doctor. His nephew was Greek Olympian Georgios Orphanidis. After the outburst of the Greek Revolution, his family was forced to move to Nafplio and later Tinos. They finally settled on the island of Syros. He finished high school on the island of Syros. In 1835, at the age of 18, he moved to Athens. He was appointed ministerial scribe for the Ministry of Interior. While he lived in Athens he began to show an interest in writing political satire. Regrettably, because he was constantly criticizing the King of Greece in his political satire he was fired from the ministry and was sentenced to 3 days in jail. He published two poems with the title Menippus from 1836-1837. Four years later he was writing for the satirical newspaper (Archer) Τοξότης. In 1842, he wrote a poem entitled The First Martyr Rigas and the Greek Revolution (Ο Πρωτομάρτυς Ρήγας και η Ελληνική Επανάστασις). In 1844, at the age of 27 after the personal intervention of the Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Kolettis. Theodore was sent to France on a scholarship from the Greek government. He studied at the prestigious botanical garden of the National Museum of Natural History it was converted into a special academic research facility after the French Revolution. The institution was part of the University of Paris and Sorbonne University system. The facility had one of largest botanical gardens in the world at the time. It housed the Royal Garden of Medicinal Plants created by King Louis XIII in 1635. Theodoro's professors at the institution were Adrien-Henri de Jussieu, Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart, Joseph Decaisne and Achille Richard.[5][6][7][8]
Academic careeredit
Example of Theodore's Plant Collection
When he returned to Athens on August 11, 1850, he was appointed Professor of Botany at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. Four years later in 1854, he was awarded full Professor status. He maintained his position for over thirty years. The university was very political in nature. College professors usually participated in political debates and issues. Dimitrios Stroumpos and Ioannis Papadakis were some of the other professors dragged into Greece's political issues. The university faculty and government created an alliance that led to the departure of world-renowned astronomer Georgios Konstantinos Vouris. Vouris was Greek-Austrian. He was from the same country as the King of Greece. During the years 1867 – 1868 Orphanides was Rector of the University. He was tirelessly collecting floral species from all over Greece. Theodore pressed the plants using a plant press and prepared them for classification. Specimens were prepared and glued to archival-quality card stock with their labels. Labels were made with special ink and attached with archival-quality glue. Theodore prepared countless plant specimens. The dried plants were added to his herbarium some were sent to different botanists all over the world. His plant material formed a remarkable Herbarium with over 45,000 specimens. He traveled across Greece studying plant diversity. He published his findings in a work entitled "Flora Graeca Exciccata".[9] Theodore was also the superintendent of the botanical garden and the state arboretum, he introduced ornamental plants and he was actively involved in the design and creation of urban public parks. He oversaw the creation of the National Garden of Athens. Theodore frequently collaborated with world-renowned botanists some included Theodor von Heldreich and Pierre Edmond Boissier. When he died his Herbarium was purchased by national benefactor Theodoros Rodokanakis. Rodokanakis donated the collection to the Botanical Museum of the University.[10]
Rectors Speechedit
When Theodore became rector of the University of Athens he gave a notable speech on November 26, 1867. He discussed Greek vegetation and the classification and nomenclature of Greek flora. The speech was over 75 pages. Thirty pages of the speech were taxonomic tables where the classes, orders, and species of the Greek flora were described. Forty-five pages included the scientific clarification of botany. He was concerned with enriching the school's museum with botanical species. He was also concerned that students showed little interest in the natural sciences. He also discussed the need for a Greek botanical journal to communicate with Europe. He eventually started his own journal several years after his speech in 1872 entitled Γεωπονικά Geoponika. He noted that most of his work from touring the Greek countryside was used by world-renowned Swiss botanist Pierre Edmond Boissier in his publication. The publication gave prestige and recognition to Theodore's work. Theodore explained that Theophrastus was the father of botany but he also made reference to the modern advancements of Georges Cuvier and Carl Linnaeus. He wanted Greece to follow the European path of botanical studies. He also wanted to modernize his department.[11]
Literary worksedit
Books and Articles authored by Theodoros Georgios Orphanides
The Archer (Published in the Emmetrical Satirical Newspaper)
1842
Ο Πρωτομάρτυς Ρήγας και η Ελληνική Επανάστασις
The First Martyr Rigas and the Greek Revolution
1850
Ankuendigung Flora Graeca Exsiccata
Identification of Dried Greek Flora
1854
Ο Άπατρις (αποσπάσματα)
Apatris (excerpts)
1855
Η Πόλις των Αθηνών
The City of Athens
1858
Τίρι Λίρι Ή Το Κυνηγέσιον Εν τη Νήσω Σύρω, Ποίημα Ηρωικοκωμικόν Εις Μέρη Επτά
Tiri Leery Or The Hunt In The Isles Of Syros, A Heroic-Comedian Poem In Seven Parts
1858
Χίος Δούλη Ποίημα Επικόν εις Άσματα Πέντε
Slave of Chios Epic Poem in Five Parts
1858
Άννα και Φλώρος Ή Ο Πύργος της Πέτρας
Anna and Floros Or The Tower of Stone
1858
Ο Ιώτας
Iotas
1859
Ποιήσεις Α
Poems A
1860
Άγιος Μηνάς (επεισόδιον της ελλην.επαναστάσεως) and Ποίημα λυρικο – επικόν υπό Θεοδώρου Ξένου
Agios Minas (Episode of the Greek Revolution) and Epic Lyrical poem by Theodoros Xenos
1877
Catalogus Systematicus Herbarii Theodori G. Orphanidis Professoris Botanices Nunc Munificentia Clarissimi Theodori P. Rhodocanakis in Museo Botanico Universitatis Athenarum
The Systematic Catalog of the Herbarium of Theodore G. Orphanidis, Professor of Botany Now the Munificence of the Most Famous Theodorus P. Rhodocanakis in the Botanical Museum of the University of Athens
1916
Τα Άπαντα · Μετά βιογραφικού Προλόγου υπό Ιω. Ζερβού
Ta Apata After a biographical Prologue by Io. Zervos
Eponymyedit
The plant speciesHeracleum orphanidis, Centaurea orphanidea, Biebersteinia orphanidis, Campanula orphanidea, Euphorbia orphanidis, Nepeta orphanidea, Tulipa orphanidea, Verbascum orphanideum and Viola orphanidis are named after him.
^Staff Writers (September 11, 2022). "Orfanidis Theodoros". Greek National Documentation Center. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
^Staff Writers (September 11, 2022). "Archive PRI110.01 - Theodoros G. Orphanides (Κ106)". Greek National Search Engine. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
^Staff Writers (September 11, 2022). "The History of the Museum". Musèum Nal Hist Naturele. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
^De Bort, Teissereng (1880). Congrès international de botanique et d'horticulture, tenu à Paris du 16 au 24 Aout 1878 [International Congress of Botany and Horticulture, held in Paris from August 16 to 24, 1878]. Paris, FR: Government of France. p. 52.
^Orphanides, Théodore G (1850-01-01). Prospectus Flora Graeca exsiccata. Collection de plantes rares et interessantes de la Grèce (in French). Athènes: impr. C. Nicolaides. OCLC 492444304.
Savaidou, Irini Mergoupi (2010). 'Δημόσιος Λόγος περί Επιστήμης στην Ελλάδα, 1870–1900: Εκλαϊκευτικά Εγχειρήματα στο Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, στους Πολιτιστικούς Συλλόγους και στα Περιοδικά [Public Discourse about Science in Greece, 1870-1900: Population Projects at the University of Athens, in Cultural Associations and Magazines] (PDF). Athens, GR: Department of History and Philosophy of Science of the University of Athens.
Tampakis, Costas (2013). Sciences and religion: Their interaction in the borders of Europe (1832-1915)(PDF). Athens, GR: Colloque International, Europe et Sciences Modernes, Histoire d’un Engendrement Mutuel, Nantes, 21-22/2/2013.
Johnson, A. T.; Smith, H.A; Stockdale, A. (2019). Plant Names Simplified: Their Pronunciation, Derivation and Meaning (3rd ed.). Sheffield, UK: 5m Publishing. ISBN9781912178810.
Sakellaropoulos, Meletios ( (1898). Εκκλησιαστικόν δίκαιον των Ανατολίκων Ορθοδόξου Εκκλησιάς [Ecclesiastical Archives of the Eastern Orthodox Church]. Athens, Gr: Saliveroy Press.
Stefanidou, Micheal K. (1952). Εθνικόν και Καποδιστριακόν Πανεπιστήμιον Αθηνών Εκατονταετηρίς 1837-1937 Ιστορία της Φυσικομαθηματικής Σχολής [National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Centenary 1837-1937 History of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics] (PDF). Athens, Greece: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.
February 25, 2024
theodoros, orphanides, theodoros, orphanides, orphanidis, greek, Θεόδωρος, Ορφανίδης, 1817, august, 1886, poet, professor, politician, author, botanist, pioneer, 19th, century, greek, botany, helped, organize, botanical, garden, greece, genus, orphanidesia, na. Theodoros Orphanides or Orphanidis Greek 8eodwros Orfanidhs 1817 5 August 1886 was a poet professor politician author and botanist He was a pioneer in 19th century Greek botany He helped organize the botanical garden in Greece The genus Orphanidesia is named after him He collected 3483 specimens from 21 countries and identified 413 specimens from 9 different countries He was a Professor of Botany at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens He was one of the leading representatives of the First Athenian School He received the Ralio award three times 1 2 3 4 Theodoros OrphanidesBorn1817Koukouli Ioannina GreeceDied5 August 1886 1886 08 05 aged 68 69 Athens GreeceNationalityGreekAlma materUniversity of ParisNational Museum of Natural History FranceKnown forBotanical ClassificationScientific careerFieldsBotanyPlant TaxonomyScientific classificationInstitutionsUniversity of AthensDoctoral advisorsAdolphe Theodore BrongniartAuthor abbrev botany Orph Contents 1 Early life 2 Academic career 3 Rectors Speech 4 Literary works 5 Eponymy 6 See also 7 References 8 BibliographyEarly life editHe was born in Izmir but his parents were from Chios Greece He was from a prominent wealthy family His older brother was Dimitris Orphanides He was a world renowned doctor His nephew was Greek Olympian Georgios Orphanidis After the outburst of the Greek Revolution his family was forced to move to Nafplio and later Tinos They finally settled on the island of Syros He finished high school on the island of Syros In 1835 at the age of 18 he moved to Athens He was appointed ministerial scribe for the Ministry of Interior While he lived in Athens he began to show an interest in writing political satire Regrettably because he was constantly criticizing the King of Greece in his political satire he was fired from the ministry and was sentenced to 3 days in jail He published two poems with the title Menippus from 1836 1837 Four years later he was writing for the satirical newspaper Archer To3oths In 1842 he wrote a poem entitled The First Martyr Rigas and the Greek Revolution O Prwtomartys Rhgas kai h Ellhnikh Epanastasis In 1844 at the age of 27 after the personal intervention of the Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Kolettis Theodore was sent to France on a scholarship from the Greek government He studied at the prestigious botanical garden of the National Museum of Natural History it was converted into a special academic research facility after the French Revolution The institution was part of the University of Paris and Sorbonne University system The facility had one of largest botanical gardens in the world at the time It housed the Royal Garden of Medicinal Plants created by King Louis XIII in 1635 Theodoro s professors at the institution were Adrien Henri de Jussieu Adolphe Theodore Brongniart Joseph Decaisne and Achille Richard 5 6 7 8 Academic career edit nbsp Example of Theodore s Plant CollectionWhen he returned to Athens on August 11 1850 he was appointed Professor of Botany at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Four years later in 1854 he was awarded full Professor status He maintained his position for over thirty years The university was very political in nature College professors usually participated in political debates and issues Dimitrios Stroumpos and Ioannis Papadakis were some of the other professors dragged into Greece s political issues The university faculty and government created an alliance that led to the departure of world renowned astronomer Georgios Konstantinos Vouris Vouris was Greek Austrian He was from the same country as the King of Greece During the years 1867 1868 Orphanides was Rector of the University He was tirelessly collecting floral species from all over Greece Theodore pressed the plants using a plant press and prepared them for classification Specimens were prepared and glued to archival quality card stock with their labels Labels were made with special ink and attached with archival quality glue Theodore prepared countless plant specimens The dried plants were added to his herbarium some were sent to different botanists all over the world His plant material formed a remarkable Herbarium with over 45 000 specimens He traveled across Greece studying plant diversity He published his findings in a work entitled Flora Graeca Exciccata 9 Theodore was also the superintendent of the botanical garden and the state arboretum he introduced ornamental plants and he was actively involved in the design and creation of urban public parks He oversaw the creation of the National Garden of Athens Theodore frequently collaborated with world renowned botanists some included Theodor von Heldreich and Pierre Edmond Boissier When he died his Herbarium was purchased by national benefactor Theodoros Rodokanakis Rodokanakis donated the collection to the Botanical Museum of the University 10 Rectors Speech editWhen Theodore became rector of the University of Athens he gave a notable speech on November 26 1867 He discussed Greek vegetation and the classification and nomenclature of Greek flora The speech was over 75 pages Thirty pages of the speech were taxonomic tables where the classes orders and species of the Greek flora were described Forty five pages included the scientific clarification of botany He was concerned with enriching the school s museum with botanical species He was also concerned that students showed little interest in the natural sciences He also discussed the need for a Greek botanical journal to communicate with Europe He eventually started his own journal several years after his speech in 1872 entitled Gewponika Geoponika He noted that most of his work from touring the Greek countryside was used by world renowned Swiss botanist Pierre Edmond Boissier in his publication The publication gave prestige and recognition to Theodore s work Theodore explained that Theophrastus was the father of botany but he also made reference to the modern advancements of Georges Cuvier and Carl Linnaeus He wanted Greece to follow the European path of botanical studies He also wanted to modernize his department 11 Literary works editBooks and Articles authored by Theodoros Georgios Orphanides Date Title Title in English1836 O Menippos Poihseis A The Poems Menippus A1837 O Menippos Poihseis B The Poems Menippus B1841 O To3oths Emmetrh Satirikh Efhmerida The Archer Published in the Emmetrical Satirical Newspaper 1842 O Prwtomartys Rhgas kai h Ellhnikh Epanastasis The First Martyr Rigas and the Greek Revolution1850 Ankuendigung Flora Graeca Exsiccata Identification of Dried Greek Flora1854 O Apatris apospasmata Apatris excerpts 1855 H Polis twn A8hnwn The City of Athens1858 Tiri Liri H To Kynhgesion En th Nhsw Syrw Poihma Hrwikokwmikon Eis Merh Epta Tiri Leery Or The Hunt In The Isles Of Syros A Heroic Comedian Poem In Seven Parts1858 Xios Doylh Poihma Epikon eis Asmata Pente Slave of Chios Epic Poem in Five Parts1858 Anna kai Flwros H O Pyrgos ths Petras Anna and Floros Or The Tower of Stone1858 O Iwtas Iotas1859 Poihseis A Poems A1860 Agios Mhnas epeisodion ths ellhn epanastasews and Poihma lyriko epikon ypo 8eodwroy 3enoy Agios Minas Episode of the Greek Revolution and Epic Lyrical poem by Theodoros Xenos1877 Catalogus Systematicus Herbarii Theodori G Orphanidis Professoris Botanices Nunc Munificentia Clarissimi Theodori P Rhodocanakis in Museo Botanico Universitatis Athenarum The Systematic Catalog of the Herbarium of Theodore G Orphanidis Professor of Botany Now the Munificence of the Most Famous Theodorus P Rhodocanakis in the Botanical Museum of the University of Athens1916 Ta Apanta Meta biografikoy Prologoy ypo Iw Zerboy Ta Apata After a biographical Prologue by Io ZervosEponymy editThe plant species Heracleum orphanidis Centaurea orphanidea Biebersteinia orphanidis Campanula orphanidea Euphorbia orphanidis Nepeta orphanidea Tulipa orphanidea Verbascum orphanideum and Viola orphanidis are named after him The standard author abbreviation Orph is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name 12 See also editHeinrich Moritz Willkomm Galanthus reginae olgae Aristotle s biology Karl Nikolas Fraas Theodor von HeldreichReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Theodoros Orfanidis nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Theodoros Georgios Orphanides Staff Writers 2008 Theodoros G Orphanides Biology Department National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Retrieved September 10 2022 Staff Writers September 10 2022 Theodoros Georgios Orphanides Bionomia Retrieved September 10 2022 Staff Writers September 10 2022 Theodoros Georgios Orphanides CETAF BOTANY PILOT Retrieved September 10 2022 Staff Writers September 11 2022 Orfanidis Theodoros Greek National Documentation Center Retrieved September 11 2022 Staff Writers September 11 2022 Archive PRI110 01 Theodoros G Orphanides K106 Greek National Search Engine Retrieved September 11 2022 Staff Writers September 11 2022 The History of the Museum Museum Nal Hist Naturele Retrieved September 11 2022 De Bort Teissereng 1880 Congres international de botanique et d horticulture tenu a Paris du 16 au 24 Aout 1878 International Congress of Botany and Horticulture held in Paris from August 16 to 24 1878 Paris FR Government of France p 52 Sakellaropoulos 1898 pp 461 Orphanides Theodore G 1850 01 01 Prospectus Flora Graeca exsiccata Collection de plantes rares et interessantes de la Grece in French Athenes impr C Nicolaides OCLC 492444304 Stefanidou 1952 pp 10 11 Savaidou 2010 pp 59 66 International Plant Names Index Orph Bibliography editSavaidou Irini Mergoupi 2010 Dhmosios Logos peri Episthmhs sthn Ellada 1870 1900 Eklaikeytika Egxeirhmata sto Panepisthmio A8hnwn stoys Politistikoys Syllogoys kai sta Periodika Public Discourse about Science in Greece 1870 1900 Population Projects at the University of Athens in Cultural Associations and Magazines PDF Athens GR Department of History and Philosophy of Science of the University of Athens Tampakis Costas 2013 Sciences and religion Their interaction in the borders of Europe 1832 1915 PDF Athens GR Colloque International Europe et Sciences Modernes Histoire d un Engendrement Mutuel Nantes 21 22 2 2013 Johnson A T Smith H A Stockdale A 2019 Plant Names Simplified Their Pronunciation Derivation and Meaning 3rd ed Sheffield UK 5m Publishing ISBN 9781912178810 Harland Gail 2016 Snowdrop London UK Reaktion Books ISBN 9781780236285 Sakellaropoulos Meletios 1898 Ekklhsiastikon dikaion twn Anatolikwn Or8odo3oy Ekklhsias Ecclesiastical Archives of the Eastern Orthodox Church Athens Gr Saliveroy Press Stefanidou Micheal K 1952 E8nikon kai Kapodistriakon Panepisthmion A8hnwn Ekatontaethris 1837 1937 Istoria ths Fysikoma8hmatikhs Sxolhs National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Centenary 1837 1937History of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics PDF Athens Greece National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Theodoros G Orphanides amp oldid 1179860116, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
