Oropendolas are a genus of passerine birds, Psarocolius, in the New World blackbird family Icteridae. They were formerly split among two or three different genera and are found in Central and South America.
All the oropendolas are large birds with pointed bills, and long tails which are always at least partially bright yellow. Males are usually larger than females.
The plumage is typically chestnut, dark brown or black, although the Green oropendola and olive oropendola have, as their names imply, an olive coloration to the head, breast and upper back. The legs are dark, but the bill is usually a strikingly contrasting feature, either pale yellow, or red-tipped with a green or black base. In several species there is also a blue or pink bare cheek patch.
Oropendolas are birds associated with forests or, for a few species, more open woodland. They are colonial breeders, with several long woven basket nests in a tree, each hanging from the end of a branch.
These gregarious birds eat large insects and fruit. They are very vocal, producing a wide range of songs and calls, sometimes including mimicry.
Four species of oropendola were formerly classified within the genus Gymnostinops; alternatively, the crested oropendola (and possibly others) would have also been placed here (Price & Lanyon 2002):
Price & Lanyon (2002) used mtDNAcytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenasesubunit 2 sequence data to research oropendola phylogeny. As can be observed from morphology, the band-tailed (Ocyalus latirostris) and the casqued oropendolas (Psarocolius oseryi) are the most distinct species. Genetically, they appear to be more closely related to the caciques, and both species would be classified in the genus Ocyalus. Furthermore, the casqued oropendola could be separated into Clypicterus, forming what would then become a monotypic genus (like Ocyalus).
Referencesedit
^"Icteridae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton & Eckelberry, Don R. (1991): A guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing, Ithaca, N.Y.. ISBN0-8014-9792-2
Price, J. Jordan & Lanyon, Scott M. (April 2002). "A robust phylogeny of the oropendolas: Polyphyly revealed by mitochondrial sequence data" (PDF). Auk. 119 (2): 335–348. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0335:arpoto]2.0.co;2.
Stiles, F. Gary & Skutch, Alexander Frank (1989): A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Comistock, Ithaca. ISBN0-8014-9600-4
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oropendola.
Wikispecies has information related to Oropendola.
- Internet Bird Collection
November 17, 2023
oropendola, genus, passerine, birds, psarocolius, world, blackbird, family, icteridae, they, were, formerly, split, among, three, different, genera, found, central, south, america, montezuma, oropendola, psarocolius, montezuma, scientific, classificationdomain. Oropendolas are a genus of passerine birds Psarocolius in the New World blackbird family Icteridae They were formerly split among two or three different genera and are found in Central and South America OropendolaMontezuma oropendola Psarocolius montezuma Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PasseriformesFamily IcteridaeGenus PsarocoliusWagler 1827Type speciesOriolus cristatus 1 Gmelin 1788SpeciesSee textSynonymsGymnostinops Sclater 1886 but see text All the oropendolas are large birds with pointed bills and long tails which are always at least partially bright yellow Males are usually larger than females The plumage is typically chestnut dark brown or black although the Green oropendola and olive oropendola have as their names imply an olive coloration to the head breast and upper back The legs are dark but the bill is usually a strikingly contrasting feature either pale yellow or red tipped with a green or black base In several species there is also a blue or pink bare cheek patch Oropendolas are birds associated with forests or for a few species more open woodland They are colonial breeders with several long woven basket nests in a tree each hanging from the end of a branch These gregarious birds eat large insects and fruit They are very vocal producing a wide range of songs and calls sometimes including mimicry Contents 1 Systematics 2 Former species 3 References 4 External linksSystematics edit nbsp Oropendola nests in Limon Costa RicaThe following species are recognised in the genus Psarocolius Black oropendola Psarocolius guatimozinus Chestnut headed oropendola Psarocolius wagleri Russet backed oropendola Psarocolius angustifrons Dusky green oropendola Psarocolius atrovirens Green oropendola Psarocolius viridis Crested oropendola Psarocolius decumanus Former species editFour species of oropendola were formerly classified within the genus Gymnostinops alternatively the crested oropendola and possibly others would have also been placed here Price amp Lanyon 2002 Montezuma oropendola Psarocolius montezuma Baudo oropendola Psarocolius cassini Olive oropendola Psarocolius bifasciatus Price amp Lanyon 2002 used mtDNA cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 sequence data to research oropendola phylogeny As can be observed from morphology the band tailed Ocyalus latirostris and the casqued oropendolas Psarocolius oseryi are the most distinct species Genetically they appear to be more closely related to the caciques and both species would be classified in the genus Ocyalus Furthermore the casqued oropendola could be separated into Clypicterus forming what would then become a monotypic genus like Ocyalus References edit Icteridae aviansystematics org The Trust for Avian Systematics Retrieved 2023 07 16 ffrench Richard O Neill John Patton amp Eckelberry Don R 1991 A guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago 2nd edition Comstock Publishing Ithaca N Y ISBN 0 8014 9792 2 Hilty Steven L 2003 Birds of Venezuela Christopher Helm London ISBN 0 7136 6418 5 Jaramillo Alvaro amp Burke Peter 1999 New World Blackbirds Christopher Helm London ISBN 0 7136 4333 1 Price J Jordan amp Lanyon Scott M April 2002 A robust phylogeny of the oropendolas Polyphyly revealed by mitochondrial sequence data PDF Auk 119 2 335 348 doi 10 1642 0004 8038 2002 119 0335 arpoto 2 0 co 2 Stiles F Gary amp Skutch Alexander Frank 1989 A guide to the birds of Costa Rica Comistock Ithaca ISBN 0 8014 9600 4External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oropendola nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Oropendola Oropendola videos photos and sounds Internet Bird Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oropendola amp oldid 1165892362, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
