An orocline — from the Greek words for "mountain" and "to bend" — is a bend or curvature of an orogenic (mountain building) belt imposed after it was formed.[1] The term was introduced by S. Warren Carey in 1955 in a paper setting forth how complex shapes of various orogenic belts could be explained by actual bending, and that understanding this provided "the key to understanding the evolution of the continents".[2] Carey showed that in a dozen cases where such bends were undone the results were substantially identical with continental reconstructions deduced by other means.[3] Recognition of oroclinal bending provided strong support to the subsequent theory of plate tectonics.
A composite relief image of South America. The Bolivian Orocline can be seen in the middle of the picture next to the Pacific Ocean. Further south it also possible to hint the less pronounced Maipo Orocline.
The Bolivian Orocline is a seaward concave bending in the coast of South America and the Andes mountains at about 18° S.[4][5] At this point the orientation of the Andes turns from Northwest in Peru to South in Chile and Argentina.[5] The Andean segment north and south of the orocline have been rotated 15° to 20° counter clockwise and clockwise respectively.[5][6] The orocline area overlaps with the area of maximum width of the Altiplano Plateau. According to Isacks (1988) the orocline is related to crustal shortening.[4] The specific point at 18° S where the coastline bends is known as the Arica Elbow.[7]
The Maipo Orocline or Maipo Transition Zone is an orocline located between 30° S and 38°S in the Andes with a break in trend at 33° S.[8]
The Arauco Orocline a subtle orocline located at 37° S in south-central Chile. It marks a seaward-convex bend in the Andes.[9]
^ abIsacks, Bryan L. (1988), "Uplift of the Central Andean Plateau and Bending of the Bolivian Orocline" (PDF), Journal of Geophysical Research, 93 (B4): 3211–3231, Bibcode:1988JGR....93.3211I, doi:10.1029/jb093ib04p03211
^ abcKley, J. (1999), "Geologic and geometric constraints on a kinematic model of the Bolivian orocline", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 12 (2): 221–235, Bibcode:1999JSAES..12..221K, doi:10.1016/s0895-9811(99)00015-2
^Beck, Myrl E. (1987), "Tectonic rotations on the leading edge of South America: The Bolivian orocline revisited", Geology, 15 (9): 806–808, Bibcode:1987Geo....15..806B, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<806:trotle>2.0.co;2
^Prezzi, Claudia B.; Vilas, Juan F. (1998). "New evidence of clockwise vertical axis rotations south of the Arica elbow (Argentine Puna)". Tectonophysics. 292 (1–2): 85–100. Bibcode:1998Tectp.292...85P. doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(98)00058-4.
^Arriagada, César; Ferrando, Rodolfo; Córdova, Loreto; Morata, Diego; Roperch, Pierrick (2013), "The Maipo Orocline: A first scale structural feature in the Miocene to Recent geodynamic evolution in the central Chilean Andes" (PDF), Andean Geology, 40 (3): 419–437
^Jara-Muñoz, Julius; Melnick, Daniel; Dominik, Brill; Strecker, Manfred R. (2015), "Segmentation of the 2010 Maule earthquake rupture from a joint analysis of uplifted marine terraces and seismic cycle deformation", Quaternary Science Reviews, 113: 171–192, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.005
^Gutiérrez-Alonso, G.; Johnston, S.T.; Weil, A.B.; Pastor-Galán, D.; Fernández-Suárez, J. (2012). "Buckling an orogen: The Cantabrian Orocline" (PDF). GSA Today. 22 (7): 4–9. doi:10.1130/GSATG141A.1.
^ ab Faccenna C., Piromallo C., Crespo-Blanc A., Jolivet L., Federico Rossetti F.(2004) Lateral slab deformation and the origin of the western Mediterranean arcs, Tectonics, 23: (1) 1-21 [1]
^ abShaw J., Johnston S. T., The Carpathian–Balkan bends: an oroclinal record of ongoing Arabian–Eurasian collision, Journal of the Virtual Explorer, 43(4) [2]
^Edi Kissling E., Romain Bousquet R., Ford M., Schmid S. M. (2012) Formation of the arc of the Western Alps and Alps-Apennines transition in the light of new geophysical data on the lithospheric architecture around the Ligurian knot, EGU Conference Vienna Apennines_transition_in_the_light_of_new_geophysical_data_on_the_lithospheric_architecture_around_the_Ligurian_knot
^ abLahtinen, R.; Sayab, M.; Johnston, S.T. (2016). "Inari orocline – progressive or secondary orocline". Institute of Seismology, University of Helsinki Report S-65. Lithosphere 2016 Ninth Symposium on the structure, composition and evolution of the lithosphere in Fennosscandia. pp. 69–74.
^Cayley, R. (2014). "The Lachlan Orocline of Eastern Australia. Giant folds, the geodynamic processes that can form them, and how these new understandings have potential to revolutionise the resource prospectivity game in Eastern Australia". New Perspectives Workshop, September 2014. Australian Institute of Geoscientists. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
^Chengxin Jiang; Yingjie Yang; Yong Zheng (2016). "Crustal structure in the junction of Qinling Orogen, Yangtze Craton and Tibetan Plateau: implications for the formation of the Dabashan Orocline and the growth of Tibetan Plateau". Geophysical Journal International. 205 (3): 1670–1681. doi:10.1093/gji/ggw096.
Referencesedit
Carey, S. Warren (1955), "The Orocline Concept in Geotectonics, Part I" (PDF), Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 89: 255–288.
External linksedit
Van der Voo, Rob (December 2004), "Paleomagnetism, Oroclines, and Growth of the Continental Crust" (PDF), GSA Today, 14 (12): 4–9, doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<4:POAGOT>2.0.CO;2.
January 01, 1970
orocline, orocline, from, greek, words, mountain, bend, bend, curvature, orogenic, mountain, building, belt, imposed, after, formed, term, introduced, warren, carey, 1955, paper, setting, forth, complex, shapes, various, orogenic, belts, could, explained, actu. An orocline from the Greek words for mountain and to bend is a bend or curvature of an orogenic mountain building belt imposed after it was formed 1 The term was introduced by S Warren Carey in 1955 in a paper setting forth how complex shapes of various orogenic belts could be explained by actual bending and that understanding this provided the key to understanding the evolution of the continents 2 Carey showed that in a dozen cases where such bends were undone the results were substantially identical with continental reconstructions deduced by other means 3 Recognition of oroclinal bending provided strong support to the subsequent theory of plate tectonics Contents 1 Examples 1 1 Oroclines in cratons 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksExamples edit nbsp A composite relief image of South America The Bolivian Orocline can be seen in the middle of the picture next to the Pacific Ocean Further south it also possible to hint the less pronounced Maipo Orocline The Bolivian Orocline is a seaward concave bending in the coast of South America and the Andes mountains at about 18 S 4 5 At this point the orientation of the Andes turns from Northwest in Peru to South in Chile and Argentina 5 The Andean segment north and south of the orocline have been rotated 15 to 20 counter clockwise and clockwise respectively 5 6 The orocline area overlaps with the area of maximum width of the Altiplano Plateau According to Isacks 1988 the orocline is related to crustal shortening 4 The specific point at 18 S where the coastline bends is known as the Arica Elbow 7 The Maipo Orocline or Maipo Transition Zone is an orocline located between 30 S and 38 S in the Andes with a break in trend at 33 S 8 The Arauco Orocline a subtle orocline located at 37 S in south central Chile It marks a seaward convex bend in the Andes 9 Cantabrian Orocline 10 and Gibraltar Orocline 11 Spain Carpathian Orocline Romania 12 Balkan Orocline Romania Bulgaria and Serbia 12 Northern Apennines Orocline Southern Apennines Orocline 13 and Calabrian Orocline 11 Italy Western Alps Orocline Italy France and Switzerland 14 Oroclines in cratons edit Bothnian oroclines in the Svecofennian Domain in Finland and Sweden 15 Inari orocline including the Lapland Granulite Belt in Finland Norway and Russia 15 Lachlan Orocline eastern Australia 16 Dabashan Orocline China 17 See also editSyntaxis geology Notes edit Carey 1955 p 257 Note that the initial formation does not have to be straight Carey 1955 p 257 Carey 1955 p 255 a b Isacks Bryan L 1988 Uplift of the Central Andean Plateau and Bending of the Bolivian Orocline PDF Journal of Geophysical Research 93 B4 3211 3231 Bibcode 1988JGR 93 3211I doi 10 1029 jb093ib04p03211 a b c Kley J 1999 Geologic and geometric constraints on a kinematic model of the Bolivian orocline Journal of South American Earth Sciences 12 2 221 235 Bibcode 1999JSAES 12 221K doi 10 1016 s0895 9811 99 00015 2 Beck Myrl E 1987 Tectonic rotations on the leading edge of South America The Bolivian orocline revisited Geology 15 9 806 808 Bibcode 1987Geo 15 806B doi 10 1130 0091 7613 1987 15 lt 806 trotle gt 2 0 co 2 Prezzi Claudia B Vilas Juan F 1998 New evidence of clockwise vertical axis rotations south of the Arica elbow Argentine Puna Tectonophysics 292 1 2 85 100 Bibcode 1998Tectp 292 85P doi 10 1016 s0040 1951 98 00058 4 Arriagada Cesar Ferrando Rodolfo Cordova Loreto Morata Diego Roperch Pierrick 2013 The Maipo Orocline A first scale structural feature in the Miocene to Recent geodynamic evolution in the central Chilean Andes PDF Andean Geology 40 3 419 437 Jara Munoz Julius Melnick Daniel Dominik Brill Strecker Manfred R 2015 Segmentation of the 2010 Maule earthquake rupture from a joint analysis of uplifted marine terraces and seismic cycle deformation Quaternary Science Reviews 113 171 192 doi 10 1016 j quascirev 2015 01 005 Gutierrez Alonso G Johnston S T Weil A B Pastor Galan D Fernandez Suarez J 2012 Buckling an orogen The Cantabrian Orocline PDF GSA Today 22 7 4 9 doi 10 1130 GSATG141A 1 a b Faccenna C Piromallo C Crespo Blanc A Jolivet L Federico Rossetti F 2004 Lateral slab deformation and the origin of the western Mediterranean arcs Tectonics 23 1 1 21 1 a b Shaw J Johnston S T The Carpathian Balkan bends an oroclinal record of ongoing Arabian Eurasian collision Journal of the Virtual Explorer 43 4 2 Finetti et al 2005 Crustal geological section across C Italy from the Corsica Basin to the Adriatic Sea based on geological and CROP Seismic data https www researchgate net publication 256305887 Crustal geological section across central Italy from the Corsica Basin to the Adriatic Sea based on geological and CROP seismic data citation download Edi Kissling E Romain Bousquet R Ford M Schmid S M 2012 Formation of the arc of the Western Alps and Alps Apennines transition in the light of new geophysical data on the lithospheric architecture around the Ligurian knot EGU Conference Vienna Apennines transition in the light of new geophysical data on the lithospheric architecture around the Ligurian knot a b Lahtinen R Sayab M Johnston S T 2016 Inari orocline progressive or secondary orocline Institute of Seismology University of Helsinki Report S 65 Lithosphere 2016 Ninth Symposium on the structure composition and evolution of the lithosphere in Fennosscandia pp 69 74 Cayley R 2014 The Lachlan Orocline of Eastern Australia Giant folds the geodynamic processes that can form them and how these new understandings have potential to revolutionise the resource prospectivity game in Eastern Australia New Perspectives Workshop September 2014 Australian Institute of Geoscientists Retrieved 4 March 2018 Chengxin Jiang Yingjie Yang Yong Zheng 2016 Crustal structure in the junction of Qinling Orogen Yangtze Craton and Tibetan Plateau implications for the formation of the Dabashan Orocline and the growth of Tibetan Plateau Geophysical Journal International 205 3 1670 1681 doi 10 1093 gji ggw096 References editCarey S Warren 1955 The Orocline Concept in Geotectonics Part I PDF Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 89 255 288 External links editVan der Voo Rob December 2004 Paleomagnetism Oroclines and Growth of the Continental Crust PDF GSA Today 14 12 4 9 doi 10 1130 1052 5173 2004 014 lt 4 POAGOT gt 2 0 CO 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Orocline amp oldid 1220182226, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
