The Order of Saint Mary of Spain (Spanish: Orden de Santa María de España), also known as the Order of the Star, was a Spanish military order concentrating in naval activity created by Alfonso X of Castile, King of León and Castile in 1270.
The order was founded around the year 1270 by King Alfonso X of Castile with the purpose of aiding the naval defenses of the Crown of Castile. It was founded similarly to the Order of Calatrava and its members were made up of nobles, knights and clergy.
Since 1273 it was integrated by order of the king with the Cistercians and its uniform was a black robe and a red cape with a gold star, inside of which was embroidered the arms of the Crown.
The Códice de Florencia of the Cantigas de Santa Maria has a cantiga dedicated to this order. Unfortunately, of the four books of cantigas preserved, that of Florence is the only one with lines of empty staves, so the music of this ballad was not conserved.
Headquartersedit
The mother headquarters of the order were founded in Cartagena, in a Cistercian convent that was built by order of the king with the express wish that he be buried there upon his death. The order was put under the invocation of the Virgen del Rosell, whose medieval carvings have been found in Cartagena.
Some historians believe that the Cartagena Cathedral is really a temple for this convent.
On the 23rd of June, 1280, the defeat at the Battle of Moclín effectively wiped out the membership of the Order of Santiago. Castilian troops under the command of Gonzalo Ruiz Girón, Grand Master of the Order of Santiago and Sancho el Bravo (Although Sancho did not actually participate in the battle), were slaughtered by Muslim forces under the command of Muhammad II. The battle was a major disaster for the Order of Santiago which claimed the lives of many of its members, including that of Gonzalo Ruiz Girón, who died of wounds received in the battle.[1]
In order to prevent the extinction of the Order of Santiago due to the loss of men at Moclín, King Alfonso X of Castile integrated the members of the Order of Santa María into that of Santiago and named the new Grand Master Pedro Núñez. This integration effectively ended the Order of Santa Maria.[2]
A further reason for its disbandment and integration into the Order of Santiago was its ineffectiveness in the battle against Castile's enemies at sea. In the order's only great expedition, the armada of Santa María de España was totally annihilated at the naval Battle of Algeciras.
Modern Reformationedit
On August 13, 2008, a Catholicreligious order was formed in Cartagena which proclaimed its hereditary roots with the Order of Santa María. It also proclaimed, amongst other things, the cult of advocación mariana, which honors the Virgen del Rosell.[3]
A scene from the Cantigas de Santa María.
Coin from the 13th century depicting the order's Grand Master.
Ruins of the Cathedral of Cartagena where the order was based.
Referencesedit
Notesedit
^González Jiménez, Alfonso X el Sabio, capítulo XII, ppg. 336-337
^González Jiménez, Relaciones de las Ordenes Militares castellanas con la Corona (siglos XII-XIII), págs. 220-221
García Fitz, Francisco (2005). Castilla y León frente al Islam. Estrategias de expansión y tácticas militares (siglos XI-XIII) (1ª ed.). Madrid: Universidad de Sevilla. ISBN84-472-0421-9.
González Jiménez, Manuel (October 2004). Alfonso X el Sabio (1ª ed.). Barcelona: Editorial Ariel. ISBN84-344-6758-5.
González Jiménez, Manuel (1991). "Relaciones de las Ordenes Militares castellanas con la Corona (siglos XII-XIII)". Historia, Instituciones, Documentos (18). Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla: Departamento de Historia Medieval y Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas: 209–222. ISSN 0210-7716.
Ibáñez de Segovia Peralta y Mendoza, Gaspar; Marqués de Mondéjar (1777). Joaquín Ibarra (ed.). Memorias historicas del Rei D. Alonso el Sabio i observaciones a su chronica. Madrid: en casa de D. Joachin Ibarra.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lafuente Alcántara, Miguel; Miguel Lafuente Alcántara (2008). Historia de Granada, comprendiendo la de sus cuatro provincias. Tomo I. Valladolid: Editorial Maxtor. ISBN978-84-9761-505-1.
Torres Fontes, Juan (1977). "La Orden de Santa María de España". Miscelánea medieval murciana. 3. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia: 73–118. ISSN 0210-4903.
April 11, 2024
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The Order of Saint Mary of Spain Spanish Orden de Santa Maria de Espana also known as the Order of the Star was a Spanish military order concentrating in naval activity created by Alfonso X of Castile King of Leon and Castile in 1270 Emblem of the Order Contents 1 History 1 1 Origins 1 2 Headquarters 1 3 Dissolution 2 Modern Reformation 3 References 3 1 Notes 4 See also 4 1 BibliographyHistory editOrigins edit The order was founded around the year 1270 by King Alfonso X of Castile with the purpose of aiding the naval defenses of the Crown of Castile It was founded similarly to the Order of Calatrava and its members were made up of nobles knights and clergy Since 1273 it was integrated by order of the king with the Cistercians and its uniform was a black robe and a red cape with a gold star inside of which was embroidered the arms of the Crown The Codice de Florencia of the Cantigas de Santa Maria has a cantiga dedicated to this order Unfortunately of the four books of cantigas preserved that of Florence is the only one with lines of empty staves so the music of this ballad was not conserved Headquarters edit The mother headquarters of the order were founded in Cartagena in a Cistercian convent that was built by order of the king with the express wish that he be buried there upon his death The order was put under the invocation of the Virgen del Rosell whose medieval carvings have been found in Cartagena Some historians believe that the Cartagena Cathedral is really a temple for this convent The order also had bases in the ports of San Sebastian La Coruna and El Puerto de Santa Maria all dependent on Cartagena Dissolution edit On the 23rd of June 1280 the defeat at the Battle of Moclin effectively wiped out the membership of the Order of Santiago Castilian troops under the command of Gonzalo Ruiz Giron Grand Master of the Order of Santiago and Sancho el Bravo Although Sancho did not actually participate in the battle were slaughtered by Muslim forces under the command of Muhammad II The battle was a major disaster for the Order of Santiago which claimed the lives of many of its members including that of Gonzalo Ruiz Giron who died of wounds received in the battle 1 In order to prevent the extinction of the Order of Santiago due to the loss of men at Moclin King Alfonso X of Castile integrated the members of the Order of Santa Maria into that of Santiago and named the new Grand Master Pedro Nunez This integration effectively ended the Order of Santa Maria 2 A further reason for its disbandment and integration into the Order of Santiago was its ineffectiveness in the battle against Castile s enemies at sea In the order s only great expedition the armada of Santa Maria de Espana was totally annihilated at the naval Battle of Algeciras Modern Reformation editOn August 13 2008 a Catholic religious order was formed in Cartagena which proclaimed its hereditary roots with the Order of Santa Maria It also proclaimed amongst other things the cult of advocacion mariana which honors the Virgen del Rosell 3 nbsp A scene from the Cantigas de Santa Maria nbsp Coin from the 13th century depicting the order s Grand Master nbsp Ruins of the Cathedral of Cartagena where the order was based References editNotes edit Gonzalez Jimenez Alfonso X el Sabio capitulo XII ppg 336 337 Gonzalez Jimenez Relaciones de las Ordenes Militares castellanas con la Corona siglos XII XIII pags 220 221 Presentacion Orden de Santa Maria de Espana permanent dead link See also editSpanish military orders Alfonso X of Castile Orders decorations and medals of Spain Order of Santiago ReconquistaBibliography edit Garcia Fitz Francisco 2005 Castilla y Leon frente al Islam Estrategias de expansion y tacticas militares siglos XI XIII 1ª ed Madrid Universidad de Sevilla ISBN 84 472 0421 9 Gonzalez Jimenez Manuel October 2004 Alfonso X el Sabio 1ª ed Barcelona Editorial Ariel ISBN 84 344 6758 5 Gonzalez Jimenez Manuel 1991 Relaciones de las Ordenes Militares castellanas con la Corona siglos XII XIII Historia Instituciones Documentos 18 Sevilla Universidad de Sevilla Departamento de Historia Medieval y Ciencias y Tecnicas Historiograficas 209 222 ISSN 0210 7716 Ibanez de Segovia Peralta y Mendoza Gaspar Marques de Mondejar 1777 Joaquin Ibarra ed Memorias historicas del Rei D Alonso el Sabio i observaciones a su chronica Madrid en casa de D Joachin Ibarra a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Lafuente Alcantara Miguel Miguel Lafuente Alcantara 2008 Historia de Granada comprendiendo la de sus cuatro provincias Tomo I Valladolid Editorial Maxtor ISBN 978 84 9761 505 1 Torres Fontes Juan 1977 La Orden de Santa Maria de Espana Miscelanea medieval murciana 3 Murcia Universidad de Murcia 73 118 ISSN 0210 4903 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Order of Saint Mary of Spain amp oldid 1197130066, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
