The conjecture states that, for every integer x > 1, there is at least one prime number between
x(x − 1) and x2,
and at least another prime between
x2 and x(x + 1).
It can also be phrased equivalently as stating that the prime-counting function must take unequal values at the endpoints of each range.[3] That is:
π(x2 − x) < π(x2) < π(x2 + x) for x > 1
with π(x) being the number of prime numbers less than or equal to x. The end points of these two ranges are a square between two pronic numbers, with each of the pronic numbers being twice a pair triangular number. The sum of the pair of triangular numbers is the square.
Consequences
If the conjecture is true, then the gap size would be on the order of
.
This also means there would be at least two primes between x2 and (x + 1)2 (one in the range from x2 to x(x + 1) and the second in the range from x(x + 1) to (x + 1)2), strengthening Legendre's conjecture that there is at least one prime in this range. Because there is at least one non-prime between any two odd primes it would also imply Brocard's conjecture that there are at least four primes between the squares of consecutive odd primes.[1] Additionally, it would imply that the largest possible gaps between two consecutive prime numbers could be at most proportional to twice the square root of the numbers, as Andrica's conjecture states.
The conjecture also implies that at least one prime can be found in every quarter revolution of the Ulam spiral.
Status
Even for small values of x, the numbers of primes in the ranges given by the conjecture are much larger than 1, providing strong evidence that the conjecture is true. However, Oppermann's conjecture has not been proved as of 2015.[update][1]
^ abcWells, David (2011), Prime Numbers: The Most Mysterious Figures in Math, John Wiley & Sons, p. 164, ISBN9781118045718.
^Oppermann, L. (1882), "Om vor Kundskab om Primtallenes Mængde mellem givne Grændser", Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbejder: 169–179
^Ribenboim, Paulo (2004), The Little Book of Bigger Primes, Springer, p. 183, ISBN9780387201696.
January 06, 2023
oppermann, conjecture, unsolved, problem, mathematics, every, pair, square, number, pronic, number, both, greater, than, separated, least, prime, more, unsolved, problems, mathematics, unsolved, problem, mathematics, distribution, prime, numbers, closely, rela. Unsolved problem in mathematics Is every pair of a square number and a pronic number both greater than one separated by at least one prime more unsolved problems in mathematics Oppermann s conjecture is an unsolved problem in mathematics on the distribution of prime numbers 1 It is closely related to but stronger than Legendre s conjecture Andrica s conjecture and Brocard s conjecture It is named after Danish mathematician Ludvig Oppermann who announced it in an unpublished lecture in March 1877 2 Contents 1 Statement 2 Consequences 3 Status 4 See also 5 ReferencesStatement EditThe conjecture states that for every integer x gt 1 there is at least one prime number between x x 1 and x2 and at least another prime between x2 and x x 1 It can also be phrased equivalently as stating that the prime counting function must take unequal values at the endpoints of each range 3 That is p x2 x lt p x2 lt p x2 x for x gt 1with p x being the number of prime numbers less than or equal to x The end points of these two ranges are a square between two pronic numbers with each of the pronic numbers being twice a pair triangular number The sum of the pair of triangular numbers is the square Consequences EditIf the conjecture is true then the gap size would be on the order of g n lt p n displaystyle g n lt sqrt p n This also means there would be at least two primes between x2 and x 1 2 one in the range from x2 to x x 1 and the second in the range from x x 1 to x 1 2 strengthening Legendre s conjecture that there is at least one prime in this range Because there is at least one non prime between any two odd primes it would also imply Brocard s conjecture that there are at least four primes between the squares of consecutive odd primes 1 Additionally it would imply that the largest possible gaps between two consecutive prime numbers could be at most proportional to twice the square root of the numbers as Andrica s conjecture states The conjecture also implies that at least one prime can be found in every quarter revolution of the Ulam spiral Status EditEven for small values of x the numbers of primes in the ranges given by the conjecture are much larger than 1 providing strong evidence that the conjecture is true However Oppermann s conjecture has not been proved as of 2015 update 1 See also Edit Mathematics portalBertrand s postulate Firoozbakht s conjecture Prime number theoremReferences Edit a b c Wells David 2011 Prime Numbers The Most Mysterious Figures in Math John Wiley amp Sons p 164 ISBN 9781118045718 Oppermann L 1882 Om vor Kundskab om Primtallenes Maengde mellem givne Graendser Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbejder 169 179 Ribenboim Paulo 2004 The Little Book of Bigger Primes Springer p 183 ISBN 9780387201696 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oppermann 27s conjecture amp oldid 1080794793, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
