Operation Flood, launched on 13 January 1970, was the world's largest dairy development program and a landmark project of India's National Dairy Development Board (NDDB).[1] It transformed India from a milk-deficient nation into the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the United States of America in 1998 with about 22.29 percent of global output in 2018.[2][3] Within 30 years, it doubled the milk available per person in India[4] and made dairy farming India's largest self-sustainable rural employment generator.[5] The program was launched to help farmers direct their own development, and to give them control of the resources they create. The program has since been termed the "White Revolution".
Dr Verghese Kurien, the chairman and founder of Amul, was named the Chairman of NDDB by Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri; Kurien thrust the program towards success and has since been recognized as its architect.[6] The making of skim milk powder out of buffalo milk, termed the Anand Pattern Experiment at Amul, was also instrumental to the program's success; the man who made this possible was Harichand Megha Dalaya, alongside Kurien.[7][8] It allowed Amul to compete successfully with cow milk-based suppliers such as Nestle.
Operation Flood is the program that led to "White Revolution." It created a national milk grid linking producers throughout India to consumers in over 700 towns and cities and reducing seasonal and regional price variations while ensuring that producers get a major share of the profit by eliminating the middlemen. At the bedrock of Operation Flood stands the village milk producers' co-operatives, which procure milk and provide inputs and services, making modern management and technology available to all the members.
Phase I (1970–1980) was financed by the sale of skimmedmilk powder and butter oil donated by the European Economic Community (EEC) through the World Food Program (WFP). NDDB planned the program and negotiated the details of EEC assistance. During this phase Operation Flood linked 18 of India's premier milk sheds with consumers in India's major metropolitan cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai, establishing mother dairies in the four metros.[9] Operation Flood-I was originally meant to be completed in 1975, but it eventually lasted until the end of 1979, at a total cost of Rs.1.16 billion.[10] At the start of Operation Flood-I, in 1970, certain aims were kept in view for the implementation of the programs:
Improving the organized dairy sector in metropolitan cities Mumbai (then Bombay), Kolkata (then Calcutta), Chennai (then Madras), and Delhi through marketing,
An increase in producers' share in the milk market,
The speeding up of the development of dairy animals in rural areas to increase both production and procurement.
Phase II
Operation Flood Phase II (1981–1985) increased the number of milk sheds from 18 to 136; urban markets also expanded the outlets for milk to 290. By the end of 1985, a self-sustaining system of 43000 village co-operatives with 4,250,000 milk producers was covered. Domestic milk powder production increased from 22,000 tons in the pre-project year to 140,000 tons by 1989, with all of this increase coming from dairies set up under Operation Flood. In this way, EEC gifts and a World Bank loan helped in promoting self-reliance. Direct marketing of milk by producers' co-operatives also increased by several million liters a day.
Phase III
Amul Dairy Plant at Anand, Gujarat was a highly successful co-operative started during Operation Flood in the 1970s.
Phase III (1985–1996) enabled dairy co-operatives to expand and strengthen the infrastructure required to procure and market increasing volumes of milk. Veterinary first-aid health care services, feed, and artificial insemination services for co-operative members were extended, along with intensified member education. Operation Flood's Phase III consolidated India's dairy co-operative movement, adding 30,000 new dairy co-operatives to the 43,000 existing co-operatives organized during Phase II. The number of milk sheds peaked at 173 in 1988–89, with the numbers of female members and female Dairy Co-operative Societies increasing significantly. Phase III also increased emphasis on research and development in animal health and nutrition. Innovations such as a vaccine for Theileriosis, bypassing protein feed and urea-molasses mineral blocks, contributed to the enhanced productivity of milk-producing animals.[9]
^Kurien, Verghese (2007). "India's Milk Revolution: Investing in Rural Producer Organizations". In Narayan, Deepa; Glinskaya, Elena (eds.). Ending Poverty in South Asia: Ideas that work. Washington D.C., USA: (The World Bank). p. 52. ISBN978-0-8213-6876-3. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
^Pendleton, Andrew; Narayanan, Pradeep. "The white revolution : milk in India" (PDF). Taking liberties: poor people, free trade and trade justice. Christian Aid. p. 35. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
^Kurien, Verghese (2007). "India' s Milk Revolution: Investing in Rural Producer Organizations". In Narayan, Deepa; Glinskaya, Elena (eds.). Ending Poverty in South Asia: Ideas that work. Washington D.C., USA: (The World Bank). p. 47. ISBN978-0-8213-6876-3. Retrieved 13 January 2021. If there was one technological breakthrough that revolutionized India's organized dairy industry, it was the making of skim milk powder out of buffalo milk. The man who made this possible, and who had the foresight to defy the prevailing technical wisdom, was H. M. Dalaya. While the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union is usually associated with its founder, Tribhuvandas Patel, it was Dalaya who provided the real technical backbone to the Amul organization.
^Kurien, Verghese (2007). "India' s Milk Revolution: Investing in Rural Producer Organizations". In Narayan, Deepa; Glinskaya, Elena (eds.). Ending Poverty in South Asia: Ideas that work. Washington D.C., USA: (The World Bank). p. 42. ISBN978-0-8213-6876-3. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
^ abc. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
^"Milk and Milk Products Technology: Operation Flood (OF) Programme". ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
External links
August 17, 2023
operation, flood, launched, january, 1970, world, largest, dairy, development, program, landmark, project, india, national, dairy, development, board, nddb, transformed, india, from, milk, deficient, nation, into, world, largest, milk, producer, surpassing, un. Operation Flood launched on 13 January 1970 was the world s largest dairy development program and a landmark project of India s National Dairy Development Board NDDB 1 It transformed India from a milk deficient nation into the world s largest milk producer surpassing the United States of America in 1998 with about 22 29 percent of global output in 2018 2 3 Within 30 years it doubled the milk available per person in India 4 and made dairy farming India s largest self sustainable rural employment generator 5 The program was launched to help farmers direct their own development and to give them control of the resources they create The program has since been termed the White Revolution The Amul trinity left to right Verghese Kurien Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel and Harichand Megha Dalaya Dr Verghese Kurien the chairman and founder of Amul was named the Chairman of NDDB by Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri Kurien thrust the program towards success and has since been recognized as its architect 6 The making of skim milk powder out of buffalo milk termed the Anand Pattern ExperimentatAmul was also instrumental to the program s success the man who made this possible was Harichand Megha Dalaya alongside Kurien 7 8 It allowed Amul to compete successfully with cow milk based suppliers such as Nestle Contents 1 Introduction and objective 2 Program implementation 2 1 Phase I 2 2 Phase II 2 3 Phase III 3 Features 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksIntroduction and objective Edit Prince Charles Prince of Wales visits India and Amul with Harichand Megha Dalaya in December 1980Operation Flood is the program that led to White Revolution It created a national milk grid linking producers throughout India to consumers in over 700 towns and cities and reducing seasonal and regional price variations while ensuring that producers get a major share of the profit by eliminating the middlemen At the bedrock of Operation Flood stands the village milk producers co operatives which procure milk and provide inputs and services making modern management and technology available to all the members Operation Flood s objectives included Increase in milk production Augmented rural incomes Fair prices for consumers 9 Increased income and reduced poverty among participating farmers while ensuring steady supply of milk in returnProgram implementation EditOperation Flood was implemented in Three phases Phase I Edit Prince Charles Prince of Wales visits India and Amul with Harichand Megha Dalaya in December 1980Phase I 1970 1980 was financed by the sale of skimmed milk powder and butter oil donated by the European Economic Community EEC through the World Food Program WFP NDDB planned the program and negotiated the details of EEC assistance During this phase Operation Flood linked 18 of India s premier milk sheds with consumers in India s major metropolitan cities Delhi Mumbai Kolkata and Chennai establishing mother dairies in the four metros 9 Operation Flood I was originally meant to be completed in 1975 but it eventually lasted until the end of 1979 at a total cost of Rs 1 16 billion 10 At the start of Operation Flood I in 1970 certain aims were kept in view for the implementation of the programs Improving the organized dairy sector in metropolitan cities Mumbai then Bombay Kolkata then Calcutta Chennai then Madras and Delhi through marketing An increase in producers share in the milk market The speeding up of the development of dairy animals in rural areas to increase both production and procurement Phase II Edit Operation Flood Phase II 1981 1985 increased the number of milk sheds from 18 to 136 urban markets also expanded the outlets for milk to 290 By the end of 1985 a self sustaining system of 43000 village co operatives with 4 250 000 milk producers was covered Domestic milk powder production increased from 22 000 tons in the pre project year to 140 000 tons by 1989 with all of this increase coming from dairies set up under Operation Flood In this way EEC gifts and a World Bank loan helped in promoting self reliance Direct marketing of milk by producers co operatives also increased by several million liters a day Phase III Edit Amul Dairy Plant at Anand Gujarat was a highly successful co operative started during Operation Flood in the 1970s Phase III 1985 1996 enabled dairy co operatives to expand and strengthen the infrastructure required to procure and market increasing volumes of milk Veterinary first aid health care services feed and artificial insemination services for co operative members were extended along with intensified member education Operation Flood s Phase III consolidated India s dairy co operative movement adding 30 000 new dairy co operatives to the 43 000 existing co operatives organized during Phase II The number of milk sheds peaked at 173 in 1988 89 with the numbers of female members and female Dairy Co operative Societies increasing significantly Phase III also increased emphasis on research and development in animal health and nutrition Innovations such as a vaccine for Theileriosis bypassing protein feed and urea molasses mineral blocks contributed to the enhanced productivity of milk producing animals 9 Features EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message There were some distinctive features behind the success of Operation Flood Adopting new and modern methods to hold and milk cows Changing the composition of animal feed for better adjustment to the condition Revision of different producer costs on a sliding scaleSee also EditGreen Revolution in India Amrita Patel Amul Cooperative movement in IndiaReferences Edit Katar Singh 8 June 1999 Rural Development Principles Policies and Management ISBN 81 7036 773 5 Retrieved 24 April 2017 India largest milk producing nation in 2010 11 hash Hindustan Times 20 December 2011 Archived from the original on 6 October 2012 Retrieved 9 September 2012 Milk Production by country Kurien Verghese 2007 India s Milk Revolution Investing in Rural Producer Organizations In Narayan Deepa Glinskaya Elena eds Ending Poverty in South Asia Ideas that work Washington D C USA The World Bank p 52 ISBN 978 0 8213 6876 3 Retrieved 11 September 2012 Pendleton Andrew Narayanan Pradeep The white revolution milk in India PDF Taking liberties poor people free trade and trade justice Christian Aid p 35 Retrieved 11 September 2012 Father of white revolution Verghese Kurien dies The Times of India Archived from the original on 2 June 2013 Kurien Verghese 2007 India s Milk Revolution Investing in Rural Producer Organizations In Narayan Deepa Glinskaya Elena eds Ending Poverty in South Asia Ideas that work Washington D C USA The World Bank p 47 ISBN 978 0 8213 6876 3 Retrieved 13 January 2021 If there was one technological breakthrough that revolutionized India s organized dairy industry it was the making of skim milk powder out of buffalo milk The man who made this possible and who had the foresight to defy the prevailing technical wisdom was H M Dalaya While the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers Union is usually associated with its founder Tribhuvandas Patel it was Dalaya who provided the real technical backbone to the Amul organization Kurien Verghese 2007 India s Milk Revolution Investing in Rural Producer Organizations In Narayan Deepa Glinskaya Elena eds Ending Poverty in South Asia Ideas that work Washington D C USA The World Bank p 42 ISBN 978 0 8213 6876 3 Retrieved 13 September 2012 a b c About NDDB Archived from the original on 15 April 2012 Retrieved 26 November 2015 Milk and Milk Products Technology Operation Flood OF Programme ecoursesonline iasri res in Retrieved 4 April 2019 External links EditOperation Flood on NDDB Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Operation Flood amp oldid 1168022901, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
