This article is about European open wagons. For North American practice, see Gondola (rail).
Open wagons (trucks in the UK) form a large group of railway goods wagons designed primarily for the transportation of bulk goods that are not moisture-retentive and can usually be tipped, dumped or shovelled. The International Union of Railways (UIC) distinguishes between ordinary wagons (ClassE/UIC-type 5) and special wagons (F/6).[1][2] Open wagons often form a significant part of a railway company's goods wagon fleet; for example, forming just under 40% of the Deutsche Bahn's total goods wagon stock in Germany.
Since the 1960s, the majority of goods wagons procured by European railway administrations have been built to standards laid down by, or based on, those established by the UIC. In addition to open wagons the table also shows wagons with opening roofs (Class T), whose design is based on open wagons.
Eaos: A Polish (PKP), four-axle, ordinary, open wagon with 9.00 m bogie pivot pitch in LubańEanos-x055:A longer, four-axle, ordinary, open wagon with steel floor and 10.70 m bogie pivot pitch
These wagons have a level floor and solid sides with at least one door on each side. They are mainly used for transporting bulk goods, coal, scrap, steel, wood and paper. The majority of wagons have folding sides and end walls, otherwise they are given the letters l (fixed sides) or o (fixed end walls). Wagons may have one or two folding end walls. Steel rings enable ropes, nets or covers to be attached to secure the load.
Some of these wagons can also be completely tipped over, in other words, at certain places they can be lifted up and emptied by being turned about their longitudinal axis. This requires a very robust underframe. Sometimes the wagons are fitted with rotatable couplings so that they do not have to be individually uncoupled.
In 1998, the Deutsche Bahn (DB) had about 16,000 four-axle Class E wagons. They have increasingly retired their twin-axled E wagons since the 1990s and they are now rarely seen.
Class F – Special open high-sided wagonsedit
The majority of these are self-discharging wagons which use gravity-unloading (hopper cars and saddle-bottomed wagons), but in addition there are also:
Side-tipping wagons (box tip, trough-tip or side-tip wagon),
Bucket wagon, other open wagons without side doors
In 1998, the Deutsche Bahn had about 12,000 hopper wagons, 10,000 saddle-bottomed wagons and 1,000 side-tipping wagons.[needs update] In addition to hopper and saddle-bottomed wagons there were also wagons with opening roofs.
Typical loads for these wagons are all sorts of bulk goods, like coal, coke, ore, sand or gravel. Because bulk goods are often moved in large quantities, these wagons are frequently used in so-called unit or block trains that only comprise one type of wagon and only shift one type of product from the dispatcher to the recipient.
Hopper wagons can only be unloaded by gravity with no external assistance and are therefore also classed as self-discharging wagons. The majority may be filled, when at rail or road level, by high-level discharge chutes (whose ends are more than 70 cm above the top of the rails) or conveyor belts. Because a controlled amount of the load can be discharged at any place the wagons may be sent anywhere and are even used individually. Railway companies also use hoppers as departmental wagons in maintenance of way trains for ballasting the track.
Since the 1990s there has been a trend for new hopper wagons to be built as bogie wagons which have not yet been standardized by the UIC.
Fcs092:Open wagon with controllable self-discharge equipment and high chute (hopper wagon)
Saddle-bottomed wagonsedit
A Polish (PKP) Falns saddle-bottom wagon – a four-axle, open wagon with high-level gravity discharge to both sides and loading volume of 82 m3 (107 cu yd) – in Horka
Saddle-bottomed wagons are large-volume hoppers are exclusively unloaded by gravity and are therefore classed as self-discharging hoppers. Unlike normal hopper wagons, however, their discharge cannot be controlled and the entire load must be dropped. To unload the flaps on the side swing out allowing the load to empty. This is aided by the floor which slopes downwards on both sides like a gable roof. The discharging chutes on either side are relatively high up. These wagons are frequently seen in unit trains for transporting bulk goods such as coal or mineral ore from mines or ports to steelworks or power stations.
The most modern type of four axle saddle-bottomed wagon in the DB is the four axle Falns 121 with a loading volume of 90 m3 (120 cu yd). It was built from 1992 in several batches. By February 2008 another 100 of these wagons were to have been delivered to the DB and another 300 by 2010. These latest wagons will have an axle load of 23.5 t (23.1 long tons; 25.9 short tons) and an unladen weight of no more than 24.5 t (24.1 long tons; 27.0 short tons), resulting in a load limit of 69.5 t (68.4 long tons; 76.6 short tons).
Side-tipping wagonsedit
Side-tipping wagons have hydraulic, pneumatic or electric tipping equipment, that enables the wagon body to be lifted on one side. Depending on the design, they may be tipped to both sides or just one side only. In order to prevent wagons from falling over during the tipping operation, some are equipped with track pinch bars with which they can be securely anchored to the trackbed. These wagons are often seen in unit trains being used to remove excavated material from major construction sites.
A lorry or mine car is an open railroad car (gondola) with a tipping trough, used in mining. It is known in the UK as a tippler or chaldron wagon,[3] and in the US as a mine car.[4]
The first railway bulk-cargo gondolas, the first freight wagons, were the chaldron cars of the early coal-carrying plateways. These were relatively short in length and tall in proportion, with a tapered body that widened upwards, above the wheels. Once locomotive haulage began, the unstable and top-heavy nature of this design became a problem with increasing speeds and later wagons became lower and longer. The chaldron shape survived in a few cases, such as low-speed working around a large factory sites including steelworks.
Class Ua side-tippers in the Czech archives at parostroj.net
DB goods wagon catalogue
Flexiwaggon
October 28, 2023
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This article is about European open wagons For North American practice see Gondola rail This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Open wagon news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Open wagons trucks in the UK form a large group of railway goods wagons designed primarily for the transportation of bulk goods that are not moisture retentive and can usually be tipped dumped or shovelled The International Union of Railways UIC distinguishes between ordinary wagons Class E UIC type 5 and special wagons F 6 1 2 Open wagons often form a significant part of a railway company s goods wagon fleet for example forming just under 40 of the Deutsche Bahn s total goods wagon stock in Germany A Class Ow goods wagon on the Saxon narrow gauge railways with Heberlein brakesOpen wagon for peat 750 mm 2 ft 5 1 2 in Contents 1 UIC standard goods wagons 2 Class E Ordinary open high sided wagons 3 Class F Special open high sided wagons 3 1 Hopper wagons 3 1 1 Gallery 3 2 Saddle bottomed wagons 3 3 Side tipping wagons 4 Specialized wagons 4 1 Lorry or mine car 4 1 1 Chaldrons 4 2 Modalohr road trailer carriers 4 3 Intermodal open wagons 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksUIC standard goods wagons editSince the 1960s the majority of goods wagons procured by European railway administrations have been built to standards laid down by or based on those established by the UIC In addition to open wagons the table also shows wagons with opening roofs Class T whose design is based on open wagons Examples of standard open wagons nbsp Twin axled UIC Type 1 open wagon used as an ash wagon on a transporter wagon in Zittau nbsp A Czech CD twin axled open wagon of UIC Type 2 in RaspenavaNorm UIC 571 1 Ordinary classtwo axles UIC 571 2 Ordinary classfour axles UIC 571 3 Special classClass Type 1 French Type 2 German Wagon with sliding rooffour axles Hopper wagontwo axles Saddle bottomed wagonfour axleswithout roof with roof without roof with roofClass Es Ea o s Taemsto 1979 Taes Fcs Tds Fals TalsAxle base 4 85 m 15 ft 11 in 5 40 m 17 ft 8 5 8 in 6 00 m 19 ft 8 1 4 in Bogie pivot pitch 9 00 m 29 ft 6 3 8 in 7 50 m 24 ft 7 1 4 in Length over buffers 9 04 m 29 ft 7 7 8 in 10 00 m 32 ft 9 3 4 in 14 04 m 46 ft 3 4 in 9 64 m 31 ft 7 1 2 in 12 54 m 41 ft 1 3 4 in Loading length min 7 79 m 25 ft 6 3 4 in 8 76 m 28 ft 8 7 8 in 12 71 m 41 ft 8 3 8 in 12 40 m 40 ft 8 1 4 in Loading area ca 22 m2 240 sq ft 24 m2 260 sq ft 35 m2 380 sq ft 33 m2 360 sq ft Loading volume ca 36 m3 1 300 cu ft 36 m3 1 300 cu ft 71 m3 2 500 cu ft 74 m3 2 600 cu ft 40 m3 1 400 cu ft 38 m3 1 300 cu ft 75 m3 2 600 cu ft 72 m3 2 500 cu ft Unladen weight max 12 5 t 12 3 long tons 13 8 short tons 22 0 t 21 7 long tons 24 3 short tons 24 0 t 23 6 long tons 26 5 short tons 13 0 t 12 8 long tons 14 3 short tons 13 5 t 13 3 long tons 14 9 short tons 15 0 t 14 8 long tons 16 5 short tons 15 5 t 15 3 long tons 17 1 short tons Doors per side 2 1 2 1 Door width 1 80 m 5 ft 10 7 8 in 1 80 m 5 ft 10 7 8 in 4 00 m 13 ft 1 1 2 in Class E Ordinary open high sided wagons edit nbsp Eaos A Polish PKP four axle ordinary open wagon with 9 00 m bogie pivot pitch in Luban nbsp Eanos x055 A longer four axle ordinary open wagon with steel floor and 10 70 m bogie pivot pitchThese wagons have a level floor and solid sides with at least one door on each side They are mainly used for transporting bulk goods coal scrap steel wood and paper The majority of wagons have folding sides and end walls otherwise they are given the letters l fixed sides or o fixed end walls Wagons may have one or two folding end walls Steel rings enable ropes nets or covers to be attached to secure the load Some of these wagons can also be completely tipped over in other words at certain places they can be lifted up and emptied by being turned about their longitudinal axis This requires a very robust underframe Sometimes the wagons are fitted with rotatable couplings so that they do not have to be individually uncoupled In 1998 the Deutsche Bahn DB had about 16 000 four axle Class E wagons They have increasingly retired their twin axled E wagons since the 1990s and they are now rarely seen Class F Special open high sided wagons editThe majority of these are self discharging wagons which use gravity unloading hopper cars and saddle bottomed wagons but in addition there are also Side tipping wagons box tip trough tip or side tip wagon Bucket wagon other open wagons without side doorsIn 1998 the Deutsche Bahn had about 12 000 hopper wagons 10 000 saddle bottomed wagons and 1 000 side tipping wagons needs update In addition to hopper and saddle bottomed wagons there were also wagons with opening roofs Typical loads for these wagons are all sorts of bulk goods like coal coke ore sand or gravel Because bulk goods are often moved in large quantities these wagons are frequently used in so called unit or block trains that only comprise one type of wagon and only shift one type of product from the dispatcher to the recipient Hopper wagons edit Further information Hopper wagons with loading hatches Hopper wagons can only be unloaded by gravity with no external assistance and are therefore also classed as self discharging wagons The majority may be filled when at rail or road level by high level discharge chutes whose ends are more than 70 cm above the top of the rails or conveyor belts Because a controlled amount of the load can be discharged at any place the wagons may be sent anywhere and are even used individually Railway companies also use hoppers as departmental wagons in maintenance of way trains for ballasting the track Since the 1990s there has been a trend for new hopper wagons to be built as bogie wagons which have not yet been standardized by the UIC Gallery edit Examples of hopper wagons nbsp Fccs hopper of the ITL railways nbsp Funnel shaped wagon floor nbsp Controllable discharge equipment nbsp Wheelset and brake rods nbsp Axleboxes and double shackle running gear nbsp Swedish iron ore hopper mineral wagon built in 1900 nbsp Kambarka Engineering Works hopper car to transport track ballast 750 mm 2 ft 5 1 2 in gauge nbsp Fcs092 Open wagon with controllable self discharge equipment and high chute hopper wagon Saddle bottomed wagons edit nbsp A Polish PKP Falns saddle bottom wagon a four axle open wagon with high level gravity discharge to both sides and loading volume of 82 m3 107 cu yd in HorkaSaddle bottomed wagons are large volume hoppers are exclusively unloaded by gravity and are therefore classed as self discharging hoppers Unlike normal hopper wagons however their discharge cannot be controlled and the entire load must be dropped To unload the flaps on the side swing out allowing the load to empty This is aided by the floor which slopes downwards on both sides like a gable roof The discharging chutes on either side are relatively high up These wagons are frequently seen in unit trains for transporting bulk goods such as coal or mineral ore from mines or ports to steelworks or power stations The most modern type of four axle saddle bottomed wagon in the DB is the four axle Falns 121 with a loading volume of 90 m3 120 cu yd It was built from 1992 in several batches By February 2008 another 100 of these wagons were to have been delivered to the DB and another 300 by 2010 These latest wagons will have an axle load of 23 5 t 23 1 long tons 25 9 short tons and an unladen weight of no more than 24 5 t 24 1 long tons 27 0 short tons resulting in a load limit of 69 5 t 68 4 long tons 76 6 short tons Side tipping wagons edit Side tipping wagons have hydraulic pneumatic or electric tipping equipment that enables the wagon body to be lifted on one side Depending on the design they may be tipped to both sides or just one side only In order to prevent wagons from falling over during the tipping operation some are equipped with track pinch bars with which they can be securely anchored to the trackbed These wagons are often seen in unit trains being used to remove excavated material from major construction sites Example of side tipping wagons nbsp A Czech CD side tipper nbsp The CD groups these wagons into Class Ua nbsp The tipping system can be seen from the end nbsp US style bogie on a side tipping wagon nbsp Coupling and main air pipe on a side tipping wagonSpecialized wagons editLorry or mine car edit Further information Minecart Lorry or mine car Mineral wagon and Decauville wagon nbsp A 30 cu ft 0 85 m3 mine car drawing from the United States Bureau of MinesA lorry or mine car is an open railroad car gondola with a tipping trough used in mining It is known in the UK as a tippler or chaldron wagon 3 and in the US as a mine car 4 Chaldrons edit Main article Chaldron nbsp Replica of a chaldron wagonThe first railway bulk cargo gondolas the first freight wagons were the chaldron cars of the early coal carrying plateways These were relatively short in length and tall in proportion with a tapered body that widened upwards above the wheels Once locomotive haulage began the unstable and top heavy nature of this design became a problem with increasing speeds and later wagons became lower and longer The chaldron shape survived in a few cases such as low speed working around a large factory sites including steelworks Modalohr road trailer carriers edit Main article Modalohr Modalohrs are specialized wagons for carrying road trailers and road tractors on the AFF route from France to Italy and Luxembourg to Spain and vice versa there are plans to expand this service 5 A deck between the bogies trucks pivots swings 30 allowing the trailers to be loaded from the sides The cars are built by Lohr Industrie Intermodal open wagons edit Further information Class U special wagon Intermodal container well wagons Examples of intermodal open wagons nbsp A Tiphook rail intermodal freight well car at Banbury station in the UK in 2001 nbsp A pocket wagon nbsp Special wagon of Hupac for Semi trailers nbsp Semi trailer on a Kangourou wagon 6 See also editAustauschbauart Class U special wagon Decauville wagon German state railway norms Kriegsbauart Lowmac Quarry tub Slate waggon VerbandsbauartReferences edit Our Freight Wagons PDF NL DBCargo com DB Schenker 17 March 2015 p 18 Retrieved 1 November 2021 Monios Jason Bergqvist Rickard 2017 Intermodal Freight Transport and Logistics Boca Raton Florida CRC Press p 42 ISBN 9781351711364 Locomotion No 1 Darlington gov uk Archived from the original on 8 December 2008 Retrieved 1 November 2021 30 Cu Ft Mine car Archived from the original on 17 July 2011 Retrieved 1 November 2021 Railway Gazette Modalohr Piggyback Wagons Approved for Channel Tunnel Railway Gazette International 23 November 2011 Retrieved 1 November 2021 Piggyback transport in the 60s video in FrenchExternal links editClass Ua side tippers in the Czech archives at parostroj net DB goods wagon catalogue Flexiwaggon Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Open wagon amp oldid 1181578978, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
