Memorial plaque with names of those executed at the Old Town Hall
The execution of the 27 leaders of the Bohemian Estates Uprising began on 21 June 1621 in Prague on the Old Town Square. The executioner was an utraquist, so they could pray before the execution.
Joachim Andreas von Schlick was beheaded first. This was followed by the execution of Jan Jesenius, whose tongue was cut out first, then he was beheaded.[2] His body was quartered and the parts impaled on stakes. Jan Jesenius was punished most severely for several reasons: firstly, he persuaded Hungary to break with the emperor and secondly, he wrote a political-philosophical treatise Pro vindiciis contra tyrannos (en: Can a tyrant be overthrown by people?). Others were beheaded by the sword; some of them had their right hands cut off first. The members of the Unity of the Brethren were hanged, which was the most disgraceful death for them.
Headless bodies were handed over to the families, who buried them. Twelve heads were put into iron baskets and attached by the executioner to the Old Town Bridge Tower.[2] The heads hung there until the invasion of the Saxon army took place here in 1631.
City clerk Mikuláš Diviš was nailed to the gallows by the tongue for one hour for welcoming Frederick V of the Palatinate on his arrival to Prague. Some nobles involved in the uprising escaped into exile, such as Jindřich Matyáš Thurn. Martin Fruwein z Podolí (cs, de) was also expected to be executed, but he committed suicide by jumping from the White Tower of Prague Castle.
Jan Kutnauer of Sonnenštejn (Jan Kutnauer ze Sonnenštejna [cs])
Simeon Sušický of Sonnenštejn (Simeon Sušický ze Sonnenštejna [cs])
Nathanaél Vodňanský of Uračov (Nathanaél Vodňanský z Uračova [cs])
Václav Maštěrovský of Jizbice (Václav Maštěrovský z Jizbice [cs])
Jindřich Kozel of Peclinovec (Jindřich Kozel z Peclinovce [cs])
Ondřej Kocour of Votín (Ondřej Kocour z Votína [cs])
Jiří Řečický (Jiří Řečický [cs])
Michal Witmann (Michal Witmann [cs])
Simeon Vokáč of Chyše (Simeon Vokáč z Chýš [cs])
Leander Rüppel of Ruppach (Leander Rüppel z Ruppachu [cs])
Jiří Hauenšild of Fürstenfeld (Jiří Hauenšild z Fürstenfeldu [cs])
Consequencesedit
27 tributary crosses in the place of execution at the Old Town Square
Execution was only one of the consequences of the Bohemian Revolt, which failed. Other consequences were the possession of the Bohemian royal crown in the hands of the Habsburgs (now hereditary), which meant another nearly 300 years of their domination. Another major consequence was the subsequent re-Catholization, and since 75-90% of Bohemians were Protestant, it meant a great emigrant wave (which was the majority of Bohemian intelligence). The German language was made fully equal to the Czech language, so Germanization of the entire population (not only the nobility) was also carried out.
The executioner's sword, on whose blade the names of eleven executed are engraved, is in the collections of Hus House (Husův dům) in Prague. However, it is likely that it is a fake sword, as in the list on the blade is engraved the name of Jan Kutnauer, who was actually hanged.
At that time there was a struggle for balance in Europe, Europe was divided into Catholic and Protestant, absolutist and estates monarchy. The uprising itself triggered a conflict to which the powers were already heading. Execution in the Old Town Square celebrated for the Spanish-Catholic party the triumph of victory.
Sourcesedit
Josef Svátek: Paměti katovské rodiny Mydlářů - rozličné příběhy katovské Volume 2, Publisher: XYZ, Prague 2005, ISBN80-86864-25-1(in Czech)
^"Old Town Square Executions in 1621". veritas.evangnet.cz.
^ ab"Poprava 27 českých pánů před 397 lety: Kdo se katu Mydlářovi vyhnul?". Reflex.cz (in Czech).
External linksedit
Media related to Execution on the Old Town Square 1621 at Wikimedia Commons
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Old Town Square execution Czech Staromestska exekuce was the execution of 27 Bohemian leaders three noblemen seven knights and 17 burghers of the Bohemian Revolt by the Austrian House of Habsburg that took place on 21 June 1621 at the Old Town Square in Prague 1 19th century drawing by older woodcut depicting the execution After the Prague Defenestration in 1618 and subsequent Protestant uprising of the Bohemian estates against the Catholic Habsburgs resulted in the Thirty Years War and a final defeat in the Battle of White Mountain Habsburgs took their revenge and executed some of the key leaders of the uprising although with some others the punishment was reduced and some were pardoned Contents 1 Execution 2 List of the executed 2 1 Nobles 2 2 Knights 2 3 Burghers 3 Consequences 4 Sources 5 External linksExecution edit nbsp Memorial plaque with names of those executed at the Old Town Hall The execution of the 27 leaders of the Bohemian Estates Uprising began on 21 June 1621 in Prague on the Old Town Square The executioner was an utraquist so they could pray before the execution Joachim Andreas von Schlick was beheaded first This was followed by the execution of Jan Jesenius whose tongue was cut out first then he was beheaded 2 His body was quartered and the parts impaled on stakes Jan Jesenius was punished most severely for several reasons firstly he persuaded Hungary to break with the emperor and secondly he wrote a political philosophical treatise Pro vindiciis contra tyrannos en Can a tyrant be overthrown by people Others were beheaded by the sword some of them had their right hands cut off first The members of the Unity of the Brethren were hanged which was the most disgraceful death for them Headless bodies were handed over to the families who buried them Twelve heads were put into iron baskets and attached by the executioner to the Old Town Bridge Tower 2 The heads hung there until the invasion of the Saxon army took place here in 1631 City clerk Mikulas Divis was nailed to the gallows by the tongue for one hour for welcoming Frederick V of the Palatinate on his arrival to Prague Some nobles involved in the uprising escaped into exile such as Jindrich Matyas Thurn Martin Fruwein z Podoli cs de was also expected to be executed but he committed suicide by jumping from the White Tower of Prague Castle List of the executed editNobles edit Joachim Andreas von Schlick Vaclav Budovec of Budov Vaclav Budovec z Budova cs Vaclav Budovec z Budova de Krystof Harant of Polzice and Bezdruzice Knights edit Kaspar Kaplir of Sulevice Kaspar Kaplir ze Sulevic cs Kaspar Cappleri de Sulewicz de Prokop Dvorecky of Olbramovice Prokop Dvorecky z Olbramovic cs Fridrich of Bila Fridrich z Bile cs Friedrich von Bila de Jindrich Otta of Los Jindrich Otta z Losu cs Divis Cernin of Chudenice Divis Cernin z Chudenic cs Diwisch Czernin von Chudenitz de Vilem Konecchlumsky of Konecchlumi Vilem Konecchlumsky z Konecchlumi cs Bohuslav of Michalovice Bohuslav z Michalovic cs Burghers edit Valentin Kochan of Prachova Valentin Kochan z Prachove cs Tobias Stefek of Kolodeje Tobias Stefek z Kolodej cs Jan Jesenius Krystof Kobr of Koberstejn Krystof Kobr z Koberstejna cs Jan Sultys of Felsdorf Jan Sultys z Felsdorfu cs Maxmilian Hostalek of Javorice Jan Kutnauer of Sonnenstejn Jan Kutnauer ze Sonnenstejna cs Simeon Susicky of Sonnenstejn Simeon Susicky ze Sonnenstejna cs Nathanael Vodnansky of Uracov Nathanael Vodnansky z Uracova cs Vaclav Masterovsky of Jizbice Vaclav Masterovsky z Jizbice cs Jindrich Kozel of Peclinovec Jindrich Kozel z Peclinovce cs Ondrej Kocour of Votin Ondrej Kocour z Votina cs Jiri Recicky Jiri Recicky cs Michal Witmann Michal Witmann cs Simeon Vokac of Chyse Simeon Vokac z Chys cs Leander Ruppel of Ruppach Leander Ruppel z Ruppachu cs Jiri Hauensild of Furstenfeld Jiri Hauensild z Furstenfeldu cs Consequences edit nbsp 27 tributary crosses in the place of execution at the Old Town Square Execution was only one of the consequences of the Bohemian Revolt which failed Other consequences were the possession of the Bohemian royal crown in the hands of the Habsburgs now hereditary which meant another nearly 300 years of their domination Another major consequence was the subsequent re Catholization and since 75 90 of Bohemians were Protestant it meant a great emigrant wave which was the majority of Bohemian intelligence The German language was made fully equal to the Czech language so Germanization of the entire population not only the nobility was also carried out The executioner s sword on whose blade the names of eleven executed are engraved is in the collections of Hus House Husuv dum in Prague However it is likely that it is a fake sword as in the list on the blade is engraved the name of Jan Kutnauer who was actually hanged At that time there was a struggle for balance in Europe Europe was divided into Catholic and Protestant absolutist and estates monarchy The uprising itself triggered a conflict to which the powers were already heading Execution in the Old Town Square celebrated for the Spanish Catholic party the triumph of victory Sources editJosef Svatek Pameti katovske rodiny Mydlaru rozlicne pribehy katovske Volume 2 Publisher XYZ Prague 2005 ISBN 80 86864 25 1 in Czech Old Town Square Executions in 1621 veritas evangnet cz a b Poprava 27 ceskych panu pred 397 lety Kdo se katu Mydlarovi vyhnul Reflex cz in Czech External links edit nbsp Media related to Execution on the Old Town Square 1621 at Wikimedia Commons Aftermath the executions on the Old Town Square 50 05 14 N 14 25 15 E 50 0872 N 14 4209 E 50 0872 14 4209 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Old Town Square execution amp oldid 1216202410, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
