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OH 7

October 29, 2023

OH 7 may also refer to Ohio State Route 7 or to Ohio's 7th congressional district

OH 7 (Olduvai Hominid № 7), also nicknamed "Johnny's Child",[1] is the type specimen of Homo habilis. The fossils were discovered on November 4, 1960 in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, by Jonathan and Mary Leakey. The remains are dated to approximately 1.75 million years, and consist of fragmented parts of a lower mandible (which still holds thirteen teeth, as well as unerupted wisdom teeth), an isolated maxillary molar, two parietal bones, and twenty-one finger, hand, and wrist bones.[2]

OH 7
Catalog no.OH 7
SpeciesHomo habilis
Age1.75 million years
Place discoveredOlduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Date discoveredNovember 4, 1960
Discovered byJonathan Leakey

The OH 7 hand is wide, with a large thumb and broad fingertips, similar to that of humans; however, unlike in humans the fingers are relatively long and exhibit chimpanzee-like curvature. Furthermore, the thumb's orientation relative to the other fingers resembles the anatomy of great apes.[3] The parietal bones — a nearly complete left parietal and fragmented right parietal — were used to deduce the cranial capacity of the hominid, which was placed at 663 cc in account of the fact that the fossils belonged to a 12- or 13-year-old male. This was extrapolated by Phillip Tobias to 674 cc for the hominid's full adult potential.[4] However, other scientists have estimated the cranial capacity at 590 cc[5] to 710 cc.[6]

Louis Leakey, John Napier, and Phillip Tobias were among the first to extensively study the fossils. The Leakey team and others argued that, due expanded cranial capacity,[4] gnathic reduction, relatively small post-canine teeth (compared to Paranthropus boisei),[7] Homo-like pattern of craniofacial development,[8] and a precision grip in the hand fragments (which indicated the ability for tool use), set OH 7 apart as a transitional species between Australopithecus africanus and Homo erectus.

The Leakey team announced the new species Homo habilis in the April 1964 issue of Nature,[9] igniting debate among the anthropology community which lasted through the 1970s. As early as May 1964, Kenneth Oakley and Bernard Campbell had raised concerns about the Leakey team's findings with their own publication in Nature, and in July of that same year Sir Wilfrid Le Gros Clark bluntly stated his hope that H. habilis "will disappear as rapidly as he came."[1] The controversy and bias against the newly named species lead some anthropologists to refer to H. habilis as Australopithecus habilis or assign associated fossil remains to other Homo species, a trend that continued long after Le Gros Clark's death in 1971.[10]

Other critics noted that OH 7 was found in a region known to contain P. boisei fossils, was of an immature individual, and that the differences between H. habilis and P. boisei were not enough to warrant a new species. Some believe OH 7 more closely resembles A. africanus.

See also edit

References edit

Footnotes
  1. ^ a b Sawyer et al. 2007, p. 130.
  2. ^ Lieberman, Wood & Pilbeam 1996, pp. 4–6
  3. ^ Sawyer et al. 2007, p. 124.
  4. ^ a b Tobias 1971
  5. ^ Wolpoff 1999
  6. ^ Holloway 1966, pp. 1108–1109
  7. ^ Vandebroek 1969
  8. ^ Bromage 1989
  9. ^ Leakey, Tobias & Napier 1964, pp. 79
  10. ^ Sawyer et al. 2007, pp. 129–30.
Bibliography
  • Sawyer, Gary J.; Deak, Viktor.; Sarmiento, Esteban.; Milner, Richard (2007). The Last Human: A Guide to Twenty-Two Species of Extinct Humans. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 256. ISBN 978-0-300-10047-1. In a 1964 April issue of Nature, Louis Leakey, Phillip Tobias, and Napier described the new species H. Habilis, designating OH 7, nicknamed "Johnny's Child" (a lower jaw without erupted wisdom teeth and associated skull fragments, hand bones, and an upper molar), as the holotype specimen.
  • Bromage, Timothy G. (1989). "Ontogeny of the early hominid face". Journal of Human Evolution. 18 (8): 751–773. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(89)90088-2.
  • Holloway, Ralph L. (1966). "Cranial capacity of the Olduvai Bed I hominine". Nature. 210 (5041): 1108–1109. Bibcode:1966Natur.210.1108H. doi:10.1038/2101108a0. S2CID 4151806.
  • Leakey, Louis; Tobias, Phillip V.; Napier, John Russell (1964). "A New Species of the Genus Homo from Olduvai Gorge" (PDF). Nature. 202 (4927): 7–9. Bibcode:1964Natur.202....7L. doi:10.1038/202007a0. PMID 14166722. S2CID 12836722.
  • Lieberman, Daniel E.; Wood, Bernard A.; Pilbeam, David R. (1996). "Homoplasy and early Homo: an analysis of the evolutionary relationships of H. habilis sensu stricto and H. rudolfensis" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution. 30 (2): 4–6. doi:10.1006/jhev.1996.0008.
  • Tobias, Phillip V. (1971). "The Brain in Hominid Evolution". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. 39 (1): 137–139. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330390115.
  • Vandebroek, Georges (1969). Évolution des Vertébrés de leur Origine à l'Homme. Paris: Masson et Cie.
  • Wolpoff, Milford H. (1999). Paleoanthropology (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-071676-5.

External links edit

  •   Media related to OH 7 at Wikimedia Commons

October 29, 2023
also, refer, ohio, state, route, ohio, congressional, district, olduvai, hominid, also, nicknamed, johnny, child, type, specimen, homo, habilis, fossils, were, discovered, november, 1960, olduvai, gorge, tanzania, jonathan, mary, leakey, remains, dated, approx. OH 7 may also refer to Ohio State Route 7 or to Ohio s 7th congressional district OH 7 Olduvai Hominid 7 also nicknamed Johnny s Child 1 is the type specimen of Homo habilis The fossils were discovered on November 4 1960 in Olduvai Gorge Tanzania by Jonathan and Mary Leakey The remains are dated to approximately 1 75 million years and consist of fragmented parts of a lower mandible which still holds thirteen teeth as well as unerupted wisdom teeth an isolated maxillary molar two parietal bones and twenty one finger hand and wrist bones 2 OH 7Catalog no OH 7SpeciesHomo habilisAge1 75 million yearsPlace discoveredOlduvai Gorge TanzaniaDate discoveredNovember 4 1960Discovered byJonathan LeakeyThe OH 7 hand is wide with a large thumb and broad fingertips similar to that of humans however unlike in humans the fingers are relatively long and exhibit chimpanzee like curvature Furthermore the thumb s orientation relative to the other fingers resembles the anatomy of great apes 3 The parietal bones a nearly complete left parietal and fragmented right parietal were used to deduce the cranial capacity of the hominid which was placed at 663 cc in account of the fact that the fossils belonged to a 12 or 13 year old male This was extrapolated by Phillip Tobias to 674 cc for the hominid s full adult potential 4 However other scientists have estimated the cranial capacity at 590 cc 5 to 710 cc 6 Louis Leakey John Napier and Phillip Tobias were among the first to extensively study the fossils The Leakey team and others argued that due expanded cranial capacity 4 gnathic reduction relatively small post canine teeth compared to Paranthropus boisei 7 Homo like pattern of craniofacial development 8 and a precision grip in the hand fragments which indicated the ability for tool use set OH 7 apart as a transitional species between Australopithecus africanus and Homo erectus The Leakey team announced the new species Homo habilis in the April 1964 issue of Nature 9 igniting debate among the anthropology community which lasted through the 1970s As early as May 1964 Kenneth Oakley and Bernard Campbell had raised concerns about the Leakey team s findings with their own publication in Nature and in July of that same year Sir Wilfrid Le Gros Clark bluntly stated his hope that H habilis will disappear as rapidly as he came 1 The controversy and bias against the newly named species lead some anthropologists to refer to H habilis as Australopithecus habilis or assign associated fossil remains to other Homo species a trend that continued long after Le Gros Clark s death in 1971 10 Other critics noted that OH 7 was found in a region known to contain P boisei fossils was of an immature individual and that the differences between H habilis and P boisei were not enough to warrant a new species Some believe OH 7 more closely resembles A africanus See also editList of fossil sites with link directory List of hominina hominid fossils with images References editFootnotes a b Sawyer et al 2007 p 130 Lieberman Wood amp Pilbeam 1996 pp 4 6 Sawyer et al 2007 p 124 a b Tobias 1971 Wolpoff 1999 Holloway 1966 pp 1108 1109 Vandebroek 1969 Bromage 1989 Leakey Tobias amp Napier 1964 pp 79 Sawyer et al 2007 pp 129 30 BibliographySawyer Gary J Deak Viktor Sarmiento Esteban Milner Richard 2007 The Last Human A Guide to Twenty Two Species of Extinct Humans New Haven CT Yale University Press pp 256 ISBN 978 0 300 10047 1 In a 1964 April issue of Nature Louis Leakey Phillip Tobias and Napier described the new species H Habilis designating OH 7 nicknamed Johnny s Child a lower jaw without erupted wisdom teeth and associated skull fragments hand bones and an upper molar as the holotype specimen Bromage Timothy G 1989 Ontogeny of the early hominid face Journal of Human Evolution 18 8 751 773 doi 10 1016 0047 2484 89 90088 2 Holloway Ralph L 1966 Cranial capacity of the Olduvai Bed I hominine Nature 210 5041 1108 1109 Bibcode 1966Natur 210 1108H doi 10 1038 2101108a0 S2CID 4151806 Leakey Louis Tobias Phillip V Napier John Russell 1964 A New Species of the Genus Homo from Olduvai Gorge PDF Nature 202 4927 7 9 Bibcode 1964Natur 202 7L doi 10 1038 202007a0 PMID 14166722 S2CID 12836722 Lieberman Daniel E Wood Bernard A Pilbeam David R 1996 Homoplasy and early Homo an analysis of the evolutionary relationships of H habilis sensu stricto and H rudolfensis PDF Journal of Human Evolution 30 2 4 6 doi 10 1006 jhev 1996 0008 Tobias Phillip V 1971 The Brain in Hominid Evolution American Journal of Physical Anthropology New York NY Columbia University Press 39 1 137 139 doi 10 1002 ajpa 1330390115 Vandebroek Georges 1969 Evolution des Vertebres de leur Origine a l Homme Paris Masson et Cie Wolpoff Milford H 1999 Paleoanthropology 2nd ed Boston MA McGraw Hill ISBN 0 07 071676 5 External links edit nbsp Media related to OH 7 at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title OH 7 amp oldid 1154446218, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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