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Numeric Annotation Glyphs

January 08, 2023

Numeric Annotation Glyphs or NAGs are used to annotate chess games when using a computer, typically providing an assessment of a chess move or a chess position. NAGs exist to indicate a simple annotation in a language independent manner.

NAGs were first formally documented in 1994 by Steven J. Edwards in his Portable Game Notation Specification and Implementation Guide.[1] Within the PGN specification, 256 NAGs are proposed of which the first 140 are defined; the remainder were reserved for future definition.

Introduction

A Numeric Annotation Glyph is composed of a dollar sign character ("$") immediately followed by one or more digit characters. Each NAG then has a specific meaning and often a standard typographical representation. The meanings first defined stemmed from the use of specific typographic symbols when annotators were commenting upon chess games; most especially in Chess Informant[2] publications. The objective was to devise an alternative representation of these symbols which could be incorporated in the simple computer file format proposed as the PGN standard. This mechanism allowed often sophisticated typography to be expressed using the simple ASCII character set.

Since its inception there has been no attempt to further formalise or standardise the meaning of the undefined 116 NAGs although PGN editors, such as ChessPad, have variously used these higher glyphs.

NAG Groupings
NAG range Classification
$0 provided for the convenience of software designers as a placeholder value;

should not appear in PGN files and has no typographic representation

$1-$9 Move assessments
$10-$135 Positional Assessments
$136-$139 Time Pressure Commentaries
$140+ not defined

Standard NAGs

NAG Meaning Symbol Unicode[3] HTML[4] Name
$0 null annotation
$1 good move (traditional "!") see also Nunn Convention for alternate meanings ! U+0021 ! single exclamation mark
$2 poor move or mistake (traditional "?") (and Nunn Convention) ? U+003F ? single question mark
$3 very good or brilliant move (traditional "!!") (and Nunn Convention) ‼ U+203C double exclamation mark
$4 very poor move or blunder (traditional "??") (and Nunn Convention) ⁇ U+2047 double question mark
$5 speculative or interesting move (traditional "!?") (and Nunn Convention) ⁉ U+2049 exclamation question mark
$6 questionable or dubious move (traditional "?!") (and Nunn Convention) ⁈ U+2048 question mark and exclamation mark
$7 forced move (all others lose quickly) or only move □ U+25A1 □ white square
$8 singular move (no reasonable alternatives)
$9 worst move
$10 drawish position or even = U+003D = equal sign
$11 equal chances, quiet position
$12 equal chances, active position
$13 unclear position ∞ U+221E ∞ infinity
$14 White has a slight advantage ⩲ U+2A72 ⩲ plus sign above equals sign
$15 Black has a slight advantage ⩱ U+2A71 ⩱ equals sign above plus sign
$16 White has a moderate advantage ± U+00B1 ± plus-minus sign
$17 Black has a moderate advantage ∓ U+2213 ∓ minus-or-plus sign
$18 White has a decisive advantage + − U+002B U+002D + -[a] plus sign, hyphen-minus sign
$19 Black has a decisive advantage − + U+002D U+002B - + hyphen-minus sign, plus sign
$20 White has a crushing advantage (Black should resign)
$21 Black has a crushing advantage (White should resign)
$22 White is in zugzwang ⨀ U+2A00 ⨀ N-ary circled dot operator
$23 Black is in zugzwang
$24 White has a slight space advantage
$25 Black has a slight space advantage
$26 White has a moderate space advantage ○ U+25CB ○ White circle
$27 Black has a moderate space advantage
$28 White has a decisive space advantage
$29 Black has a decisive space advantage
$30 White has a slight time (development) advantage
$31 Black has a slight time (development) advantage
$32 White has a moderate time (development) advantage ⟳ U+27F3 clockwise gapped circle arrow
$33 Black has a moderate time (development) advantage
$34 White has a decisive time (development) advantage
$35 Black has a decisive time (development) advantage
$36 White has the initiative ↑ U+2191 ↑ upwards arrow
$37 Black has the initiative
$38 White has a lasting initiative
$39 Black has a lasting initiative
$40 White has the attack → U+2192 → rightwards arrow
$41 Black has the attack
$42 White has insufficient compensation for material deficit
$43 Black has insufficient compensation for material deficit
$44 White has sufficient compensation for material deficit ⯹ U+2BF9[5] ⯹ equals sign with infinity below
$45 Black has sufficient compensation for material deficit
$46 White has more than adequate compensation for material deficit
$47 Black has more than adequate compensation for material deficit
$48 White has a slight center control advantage
$49 Black has a slight center control advantage
$50 White has a moderate center control advantage
$51 Black has a moderate center control advantage
$52 White has a decisive center control advantage
$53 Black has a decisive center control advantage
$54 White has a slight kingside control advantage
$55 Black has a slight kingside control advantage
$56 White has a moderate kingside control advantage
$57 Black has a moderate kingside control advantage
$58 White has a decisive kingside control advantage
$59 Black has a decisive kingside control advantage
$60 White has a slight queenside control advantage
$61 Black has a slight queenside control advantage
$62 White has a moderate queenside control advantage
$63 Black has a moderate queenside control advantage
$64 White has a decisive queenside control advantage
$65 Black has a decisive queenside control advantage
$66 White has a vulnerable first rank
$67 Black has a vulnerable first rank
$68 White has a well protected first rank
$69 Black has a well protected first rank
$70 White has a poorly protected king
$71 Black has a poorly protected king
$72 White has a well protected king
$73 Black has a well protected king
$74 White has a poorly placed king
$75 Black has a poorly placed king
$76 White has a well placed king
$77 Black has a well placed king
$78 White has a very weak pawn structure
$79 Black has a very weak pawn structure
$80 White has a moderately weak pawn structure
$81 Black has a moderately weak pawn structure
$82 White has a moderately strong pawn structure
$83 Black has a moderately strong pawn structure
$84 White has a very strong pawn structure
$85 Black has a very strong pawn structure
$86 White has poor knight placement
$87 Black has poor knight placement
$88 White has good knight placement
$89 Black has good knight placement
$90 White has poor bishop placement
$91 Black has poor bishop placement
$92 White has good bishop placement
$93 Black has good bishop placement
$94 White has poor rook placement
$95 Black has poor rook placement
$96 White has good rook placement
$97 Black has good rook placement
$98 White has poor queen placement
$99 Black has poor queen placement
$100 White has good queen placement
$101 Black has good queen placement
$102 White has poor piece coordination
$103 Black has poor piece coordination
$104 White has good piece coordination
$105 Black has good piece coordination
$106 White has played the opening very poorly
$107 Black has played the opening very poorly
$108 White has played the opening poorly
$109 Black has played the opening poorly
$110 White has played the opening well
$111 Black has played the opening well
$112 White has played the opening very well
$113 Black has played the opening very well
$114 White has played the middlegame very poorly
$115 Black has played the middlegame very poorly
$116 White has played the middlegame poorly
$117 Black has played the middlegame poorly
$118 White has played the middlegame well
$119 Black has played the middlegame well
$120 White has played the middlegame very well
$121 Black has played the middlegame very well
$122 White has played the ending very poorly
$123 Black has played the ending very poorly
$124 White has played the ending poorly
$125 Black has played the ending poorly
$126 White has played the ending well
$127 Black has played the ending well
$128 White has played the ending very well
$129 Black has played the ending very well
$130 White has slight counterplay
$131 Black has slight counterplay
$132 White has moderate counterplay ⇆ U+21C6 ⇆ leftwards arrow over rightwards arrow
$133 Black has moderate counterplay
$134 White has decisive counterplay
$135 Black has decisive counterplay
$136 White has moderate time control pressure
$137 Black has moderate time control pressure
$138 White has severe time control pressure / zeitnot ⨁ U+2A01 ⨁ n-ary circle plus operator
$139 Black has severe time control pressure / zeitnot

Non-standard NAGs

NAG Used by Meaning Symbol Unicode[3] HTML[4] Name
$140 ChessPad[6] With the idea... ∆ U+2206 increment
$141 ChessPad[6] Aimed against... ∇ U+2207 nabla
$142 ChessPad[6] Better is... ⌓ U+2313 ⌓ segment
$143 ChessPad[6] Worse is... <= less than, equal to
$144 ChessPad[6] Equivalent is... == equal to, equal to
$145 ChessPad[6] Editorial comment RR capital R, capital R
$146 ChessPad[6] Novelty N capital N
$147–$219 Not defined
$220 ChessPad[6] Diagram ⬒ (UI only)
$221 ChessPad[6] Diagram (from Black) ⬓ (UI only)
$222–$237 Not defined
$238 ChessPad[6] Space advantage ○ U+25CB &cir; white circle
$239 ChessPad[6] File (columns on the chessboard labeled a-h) ⇔ U+21D4 &hArr; left right double arrow
$240 ChessPad[6] Diagonal ⇗ U+21D7 &neArr; north east double arrow
$241 ChessPad[6] Centre ⊞ U+229E &boxplus; squared plus
$242 ChessPad[6] King-side ⟫ U+27EB &Rang; right double angle bracket
$243 ChessPad[6] Queen-side ⟪ U+27EA &Lang; left double angle bracket
$244 ChessPad[6] Weak point ✕ U+2715 multiplication x
$245 ChessPad[6] Ending ⊥ U+22A5 &perp; up tack
$246 ChessPad[6] Bishop pair CA Chess font: white square with white square to northeast
$247 ChessPad[6] Opposite Bishops CA Chess font: white square with black square to northeast
$248 ChessPad[6] Same Bishops CA Chess font: black square with black square to northeast
$249 ChessPad[6] Connected pawns ⯺ U+2BFA[5] &#x2bfa; united symbol
$250 ChessPad[6] Isolated pawns ⯻ U+2BFB[5] &#x2bfb; separated symbol
$251 ChessPad[6] Doubled pawns ⯼ U+2BFC[5] &#x2bfc; doubled symbol
$252 ChessPad[6] Passed pawn ⯽ U+2BFD[5] &#x2bfd; passed symbol
$253 ChessPad[6] Pawn majority text
$254 ChessPad[6] With ∟ U+221F[5] &#x221f; right angle
$255 ChessPad[6] Without ⯾ U+2BFE[5] &#x2bfe; reversed right angle

Notes on tables

  1. Some of the symbols are not rendered by some browsers
  2. The more exotic symbols used by Chess Informator[2] are often derived from common mathematical typographic symbols; their mathematical meaning rarely has any relevance to their chess meaning
  3. The entries in the Unicode column are, respectively, the decimal and hexadecimal reference for the character or symbol
  4. The entries in the HTML column are named HTML entities for representing the symbol or character; the Unicode numeric value can always be used where a specific entity does not exist. For example, the left right double arrow ($239) can be represented as either Unicode decimal &#8660; (⇔) or Unicode hexadecimal &#x21D4; (⇔) or HTML &hArr; (⇔). Unless explicitly noted, the Unicode representation can be interpreted as a default.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Unicode has a minus sign (U+002D, &minus;), but is seldom used

References

  1. ^ "Formal PGN File Specification:section 8.2.4 defines 256 NAGs while section 10 identifies first 140 NAGs". 1994. Retrieved 1 Oct 2016.
  2. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 2017-01-01. Uses FigurineCB webfont.
  3. ^ a b Wood, Alan. "Unicode and multilingual support in HTML, fonts, Web browsers and other applications". www.alanwood.net.
  4. ^ a b "Character Entity Reference Chart". HTML5 (W3C).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows" (PDF). Character Code Charts (PDF). The Unicode Consortium. 2022. Subsection “Symbols used in chess notation”.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "ChessPad: a PGN editor". www.wmlsoftware.com.

Sources

Krogius, N; Livsic, A; Parma, B; Tajmanov, M. Encyclopedia of Chess Middlegames. (1980) Belgrade: Chess Informant. ISBN 0-7134-3474-0

Malanovic, Aleksander (Editor) Encyclopedia of Chess Openings, volumes A-E. (1978) Belgrade: Chess Informant. ISBN 0-7134-1044-2

January 08, 2023
numeric, annotation, glyphs, nags, used, annotate, chess, games, when, using, computer, typically, providing, assessment, chess, move, chess, position, nags, exist, indicate, simple, annotation, language, independent, manner, nags, were, first, formally, docum. Numeric Annotation Glyphs or NAGs are used to annotate chess games when using a computer typically providing an assessment of a chess move or a chess position NAGs exist to indicate a simple annotation in a language independent manner NAGs were first formally documented in 1994 by Steven J Edwards in his Portable Game Notation Specification and Implementation Guide 1 Within the PGN specification 256 NAGs are proposed of which the first 140 are defined the remainder were reserved for future definition Contents 1 Introduction 2 Standard NAGs 3 Non standard NAGs 4 Notes on tables 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 SourcesIntroduction EditA Numeric Annotation Glyph is composed of a dollar sign character immediately followed by one or more digit characters Each NAG then has a specific meaning and often a standard typographical representation The meanings first defined stemmed from the use of specific typographic symbols when annotators were commenting upon chess games most especially in Chess Informant 2 publications The objective was to devise an alternative representation of these symbols which could be incorporated in the simple computer file format proposed as the PGN standard This mechanism allowed often sophisticated typography to be expressed using the simple ASCII character set Since its inception there has been no attempt to further formalise or standardise the meaning of the undefined 116 NAGs although PGN editors such as ChessPad have variously used these higher glyphs NAG Groupings NAG range Classification 0 provided for the convenience of software designers as a placeholder value should not appear in PGN files and has no typographic representation 1 9 Move assessments 10 135 Positional Assessments 136 139 Time Pressure Commentaries 140 not definedStandard NAGs EditNAG Meaning Symbol Unicode 3 HTML 4 Name 0 null annotation 1 good move traditional see also Nunn Convention for alternate meanings U 0021 amp excl single exclamation mark 2 poor move or mistake traditional and Nunn Convention U 003F amp quest single question mark 3 very good or brilliant move traditional and Nunn Convention U 203C double exclamation mark 4 very poor move or blunder traditional and Nunn Convention U 2047 double question mark 5 speculative or interesting move traditional and Nunn Convention U 2049 exclamation question mark 6 questionable or dubious move traditional and Nunn Convention U 2048 question mark and exclamation mark 7 forced move all others lose quickly or only move U 25A1 amp square white square 8 singular move no reasonable alternatives 9 worst move 10 drawish position or even U 003D amp equals equal sign 11 equal chances quiet position 12 equal chances active position 13 unclear position U 221E amp infin infinity 14 White has a slight advantage U 2A72 amp pluse plus sign above equals sign 15 Black has a slight advantage U 2A71 amp eplus equals sign above plus sign 16 White has a moderate advantage U 00B1 amp plusmn plus minus sign 17 Black has a moderate advantage U 2213 amp mnplus minus or plus sign 18 White has a decisive advantage U 002B U 002D amp plus amp 45 a plus sign hyphen minus sign 19 Black has a decisive advantage U 002D U 002B amp 45 amp plus hyphen minus sign plus sign 20 White has a crushing advantage Black should resign 21 Black has a crushing advantage White should resign 22 White is in zugzwang U 2A00 amp xodot N ary circled dot operator 23 Black is in zugzwang 24 White has a slight space advantage 25 Black has a slight space advantage 26 White has a moderate space advantage U 25CB amp x25cb White circle 27 Black has a moderate space advantage 28 White has a decisive space advantage 29 Black has a decisive space advantage 30 White has a slight time development advantage 31 Black has a slight time development advantage 32 White has a moderate time development advantage U 27F3 clockwise gapped circle arrow 33 Black has a moderate time development advantage 34 White has a decisive time development advantage 35 Black has a decisive time development advantage 36 White has the initiative U 2191 amp uarr upwards arrow 37 Black has the initiative 38 White has a lasting initiative 39 Black has a lasting initiative 40 White has the attack U 2192 amp rarr rightwards arrow 41 Black has the attack 42 White has insufficient compensation for material deficit 43 Black has insufficient compensation for material deficit 44 White has sufficient compensation for material deficit U 2BF9 5 amp x2bf9 equals sign with infinity below 45 Black has sufficient compensation for material deficit 46 White has more than adequate compensation for material deficit 47 Black has more than adequate compensation for material deficit 48 White has a slight center control advantage 49 Black has a slight center control advantage 50 White has a moderate center control advantage 51 Black has a moderate center control advantage 52 White has a decisive center control advantage 53 Black has a decisive center control advantage 54 White has a slight kingside control advantage 55 Black has a slight kingside control advantage 56 White has a moderate kingside control advantage 57 Black has a moderate kingside control advantage 58 White has a decisive kingside control advantage 59 Black has a decisive kingside control advantage 60 White has a slight queenside control advantage 61 Black has a slight queenside control advantage 62 White has a moderate queenside control advantage 63 Black has a moderate queenside control advantage 64 White has a decisive queenside control advantage 65 Black has a decisive queenside control advantage 66 White has a vulnerable first rank 67 Black has a vulnerable first rank 68 White has a well protected first rank 69 Black has a well protected first rank 70 White has a poorly protected king 71 Black has a poorly protected king 72 White has a well protected king 73 Black has a well protected king 74 White has a poorly placed king 75 Black has a poorly placed king 76 White has a well placed king 77 Black has a well placed king 78 White has a very weak pawn structure 79 Black has a very weak pawn structure 80 White has a moderately weak pawn structure 81 Black has a moderately weak pawn structure 82 White has a moderately strong pawn structure 83 Black has a moderately strong pawn structure 84 White has a very strong pawn structure 85 Black has a very strong pawn structure 86 White has poor knight placement 87 Black has poor knight placement 88 White has good knight placement 89 Black has good knight placement 90 White has poor bishop placement 91 Black has poor bishop placement 92 White has good bishop placement 93 Black has good bishop placement 94 White has poor rook placement 95 Black has poor rook placement 96 White has good rook placement 97 Black has good rook placement 98 White has poor queen placement 99 Black has poor queen placement 100 White has good queen placement 101 Black has good queen placement 102 White has poor piece coordination 103 Black has poor piece coordination 104 White has good piece coordination 105 Black has good piece coordination 106 White has played the opening very poorly 107 Black has played the opening very poorly 108 White has played the opening poorly 109 Black has played the opening poorly 110 White has played the opening well 111 Black has played the opening well 112 White has played the opening very well 113 Black has played the opening very well 114 White has played the middlegame very poorly 115 Black has played the middlegame very poorly 116 White has played the middlegame poorly 117 Black has played the middlegame poorly 118 White has played the middlegame well 119 Black has played the middlegame well 120 White has played the middlegame very well 121 Black has played the middlegame very well 122 White has played the ending very poorly 123 Black has played the ending very poorly 124 White has played the ending poorly 125 Black has played the ending poorly 126 White has played the ending well 127 Black has played the ending well 128 White has played the ending very well 129 Black has played the ending very well 130 White has slight counterplay 131 Black has slight counterplay 132 White has moderate counterplay U 21C6 amp lrarr leftwards arrow over rightwards arrow 133 Black has moderate counterplay 134 White has decisive counterplay 135 Black has decisive counterplay 136 White has moderate time control pressure 137 Black has moderate time control pressure 138 White has severe time control pressure zeitnot U 2A01 amp xoplus n ary circle plus operator 139 Black has severe time control pressure zeitnotNon standard NAGs EditNAG Used by Meaning Symbol Unicode 3 HTML 4 Name 140 ChessPad 6 With the idea U 2206 increment 141 ChessPad 6 Aimed against U 2207 nabla 142 ChessPad 6 Better is U 2313 amp profsurf segment 143 ChessPad 6 Worse is lt less than equal to 144 ChessPad 6 Equivalent is equal to equal to 145 ChessPad 6 Editorial comment RR capital R capital R 146 ChessPad 6 Novelty N capital N 147 219 Not defined 220 ChessPad 6 Diagram UI only 221 ChessPad 6 Diagram from Black UI only 222 237 Not defined 238 ChessPad 6 Space advantage U 25CB amp cir white circle 239 ChessPad 6 File columns on the chessboard labeled a h U 21D4 amp hArr left right double arrow 240 ChessPad 6 Diagonal U 21D7 amp neArr north east double arrow 241 ChessPad 6 Centre U 229E amp boxplus squared plus 242 ChessPad 6 King side U 27EB amp Rang right double angle bracket 243 ChessPad 6 Queen side U 27EA amp Lang left double angle bracket 244 ChessPad 6 Weak point U 2715 multiplication x 245 ChessPad 6 Ending U 22A5 amp perp up tack 246 ChessPad 6 Bishop pair CA Chess font white square with white square to northeast 247 ChessPad 6 Opposite Bishops CA Chess font white square with black square to northeast 248 ChessPad 6 Same Bishops CA Chess font black square with black square to northeast 249 ChessPad 6 Connected pawns U 2BFA 5 amp x2bfa united symbol 250 ChessPad 6 Isolated pawns U 2BFB 5 amp x2bfb separated symbol 251 ChessPad 6 Doubled pawns U 2BFC 5 amp x2bfc doubled symbol 252 ChessPad 6 Passed pawn U 2BFD 5 amp x2bfd passed symbol 253 ChessPad 6 Pawn majority text 254 ChessPad 6 With U 221F 5 amp x221f right angle 255 ChessPad 6 Without U 2BFE 5 amp x2bfe reversed right angleNotes on tables EditSome of the symbols are not rendered by some browsers The more exotic symbols used by Chess Informator 2 are often derived from common mathematical typographic symbols their mathematical meaning rarely has any relevance to their chess meaning The entries in the Unicode column are respectively the decimal and hexadecimal reference for the character or symbol The entries in the HTML column are named HTML entities for representing the symbol or character the Unicode numeric value can always be used where a specific entity does not exist For example the left right double arrow 239 can be represented as either Unicode decimal amp 8660 or Unicode hexadecimal amp x21D4 or HTML amp hArr Unless explicitly noted the Unicode representation can be interpreted as a default See also EditChess annotation symbolsNotes Edit Unicode has a minus sign U 002D amp minus but is seldom usedReferences Edit Formal PGN File Specification section 8 2 4 defines 256 NAGs while section 10 identifies first 140 NAGs 1994 Retrieved 1 Oct 2016 a b Chess Informant System of Signs Archived from the original on 2017 01 01 Uses FigurineCB webfont a b Wood Alan Unicode and multilingual support in HTML fonts Web browsers and other applications www alanwood net a b Character Entity Reference Chart HTML5 W3C a b c d e f g Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows PDF Character Code Charts PDF The Unicode Consortium 2022 Subsection Symbols used in chess notation a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ChessPad a PGN editor www wmlsoftware com Sources EditKrogius N Livsic A Parma B Tajmanov M Encyclopedia of Chess Middlegames 1980 Belgrade Chess Informant ISBN 0 7134 3474 0Malanovic Aleksander Editor Encyclopedia of Chess Openings volumes A E 1978 Belgrade Chess Informant ISBN 0 7134 1044 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Numeric Annotation Glyphs amp oldid 1121804893, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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