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Noël Pardon

April 12, 2024

Marie Jacques Noël Pardon (4 June 1854 – 12 July 1910) was a French colonial administrator. He served in Cochinchina, New Caledonia, and as Governor of Guadeloupe and Martinique. After leaving the colonial service he was involved in various private enterprises to develop the colonies.

Marie Jacques Noël Pardon
Acting Governor of Cochinchina
In office
23 October 1887 – 2 November 1887
Preceded byAnge Michel Filippini
Succeeded byJules Georges Piquet
Acting Governor of New Caledonia
In office
12 January 1889 – 14 April 1891
Preceded byDelphino Moracchini
Succeeded byÉmile Gustave Laffon
Governor of Guadeloupe
In office
1894–1895
Preceded byLouis Hippolyte Marie Nouet
Succeeded byJean Jules Armand Charles Couzinet (acting)[1]
Governor of Martinique
In office
10 Jun 1895 – 1898
Preceded byDelphino Moracchini
Succeeded byMarie Louis Gustave Gabrié
Personal details
Born(1854-06-04)4 June 1854
Chalon-sur-Saône, France
Died12 July 1910(1910-07-12) (aged 56)
Oxus, between Madagascar and Paris
OccupationColonial administrator

Career edit

Early years (1854–89) edit

Noël Pardon was born on 4 June 1854 in Chalon-sur-Saône. He became a Doctor of Law and a colonial administrator.[2]

Noël Pardon was appointed secretary general of the prefecture of the Loire. In 1886 he was appointed Director of the Interior of Cochinchina. He was Acting Governor of Cochinchina from October to November 1887.[3]

New Caledonia (1889–91) edit

Pardon was Acting Governor of New Caledonia from 1889 to 1891.[3] He arrived in New Caledonia early in 1889. He was concerned about the shortage of agricultural laborers, and about the lack of supervision of workers hired privately. He supported the official resumption of indentured servitude as long as recruitment was regulated, as demanded by the General Council, an advisory body that represented the free citizens of the colony.[4] In 1890 Pardon submitted a proposal for land reform in New Caledonia to the Extra-Parliamentary Committee of the Cadastre.[5] He wanted to apply the Torrens title system in the colony, which would allow for the appropriation and sale of lands to private individuals, with the profit used to cover the colony's costs. There would be no difficulty with indigenous legislation, since there was none, unlike the complications that arose in more advanced countries such as Tunisia.[6]

In 1893 Pardon ran unsuccessfully for election to the legislature for Firminy, Loire.[3]

Guadeloupe (1894–95) edit

Pardon was governor of Guadeloupe from 1894 to 1895.[3] He gave a detail report in the island's economy in 1894 to the Minister of the Colonies, concluding that "politics must be held responsible for the poor finances."[7] Workers in Guadeloupe had been receiving steadily lower wages over the last decade, while prices had been rising in part due to the Méline tariff and in part to the bank's manipulation of the exchange rate between the Guadeloupe franc and the French franc. He wrote to the Minister of the Colonie on 20 April 1895 that the workers live "exclusively on factory wages, buy everything and do not have, at least in wide stretches of this land, a manioc, sweet potato plant, or a breadfruit tree." Their supposed representatives in parliament had little interest in helping the workers.[8]

Pardon blamed the sugar crisis in the island on poor decisions by past colonial officials and the industry leaders, who had failed to diversify into other industries. However, he did not have a good alternative. By continuing to support the industry the administration was supporting sugar planters and manufacturers who were typically opposed to the Republic, but failure to support it would cause economic crisis and push workers towards socialism and revolutionary politics.[9]

Martinique (1895–98) edit

In June 1895 Delphino Moracchini was transferred to become Governor of Guadeloupe.[10] He exchanged places with Pardon, who became governor of Martinique.[11] In a letter of 30 January 1896 to the Minister of the Marine and the Colonies Pardon mentioned several outbreaks of typhoid and yellow fever.[12] In August 1896 Pardon confirmed that two patients had died of yellow fever in Fort-de-France that month, while two suspected cases had been isolated and expected to live. The outbreak seemed to have been contained.[13] In 1897 he was placed on leave without pay.[3] On 12 July 1898 Pardon was replaced as Governor of Martinique by Marie Louis Gustave Gabrié.[14]

Company director (1898–1910) edit

In September 1898 the Écho des mines et de la métallurgie announced that the Société industrielle et commerciale du Soudan français (Industrial and Commercial Society of the French Sudan) had been founded with a capital of 1,400,000 francs. Noël Pardon was listed first among the directors.[15] He was also a director of the industrial and commercial company of Indo-China.[3] Pardon was president of a delegation to support opening the interior of the African colonies that addressed a memorandum on 5 February 1900 to the Colonial Minister noting the usefulness of territorial concessions for development of settlements.[16] In 1904 he went on a mission to the United States on behalf of the Wyoming Union. That year he was counsel in New Caledonia of the International Nickel Company. Pardon died on 12 July 1910 aboard the Oxus, on which he had embarked in Madagascar.[3]

Publications edit

Publication by Noël Pardon include:[2]

  • Noël Pardon (1888), Aperçu sur la situation réelle des budgets d'Indo-Chine, Paris: Impr. de G. Chamerot, p. 45
  • Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers; Noël Pardon (15 March 1888), Organisation administrative de l'Indochine française. Projet de rapport au président de la République, p. 22
  • Paul Branda; Noël Pardon (1889), Le Haut-Mékong, ou le Laos ouvert (Nouvelle édition, contenant une carte du Haut-Mékong), Paris: Fischbacher, p. 88
  • Noël Pardon (1891), Rapport et projet de décret sur la conservation et la transmission de la propriété foncière, des hypothèques et des autres droits réels immobiliers en Nouvelle-Calédonie (Torrens Act), Paris: Impr. nationale / Ministère du commerce, de l'industrie et des colonies. Sous-secrétariat d'Etat des colonies., p. 64
  • Tucker, Julius G. (September 4, 1896), "MARTINIQUE, WEST INDIES. Two cases of yellow fever in Martinique", Public Health Reports, 11 (36): 843, JSTOR 41436475

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Guadeloupe". Worldstatesmen. Retrieved January 22, 2024.
  2. ^ a b Noël Pardon (1854-1910) – BnF.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Banque de Cochinchine (1908-1910), p. 2.
  4. ^ Shineberg 1999, p. 58.
  5. ^ Garnier 1897, p. 196.
  6. ^ Garnier 1897, p. 197.
  7. ^ Heath 2014, p. 154.
  8. ^ Heath 2014, p. 122.
  9. ^ Heath 2014, p. 155.
  10. ^ Lampin.
  11. ^ Stéhlé 1995, p. 1452.
  12. ^ McCloy 2015, p. 173.
  13. ^ Tucker 1896, p. 843.
  14. ^ Cahoon.
  15. ^ Société industrielle et commerciale du Soudan français.
  16. ^ Rabut 1979, p. 277.

Sources edit

  • "Banque de Cochinchine (1908-1910)" (PDF), entreprises-coloniales.fr (in French), 22 June 2018, retrieved 2018-07-04
  • Cahoon, Ben, "Martinique", Worldstatsemen.org, retrieved 2018-07-04
  • Garnier, Gustave (1897), Legislation domaniale et propriété foncière dans les colonies et pays de protectorat franc̦ais (in French), A. Challamel, retrieved 2018-07-06
  • Heath, Elizabeth (2014-10-09), Wine, Sugar, and the Making of Modern France: Global Economic Crisis and the Racialization of French Citizenship, 1870–1910, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-07058-5, retrieved 2018-07-06
  • Lampin, Didier, "Delphino Moracchini (1846-1903)", La Martinique à la carte..., retrieved 2018-07-03
  • McCloy, Shelby T. (2015-01-13), The Negro in the French West Indies, University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 978-0-8131-6396-3, retrieved 2018-07-06
  • Noël Pardon (1854-1910), BnF: Bibliotheque nationale de France, retrieved 2018-07-04
  • Rabut, Elisabeth (1979), "Le Mythe Parisien de la Mise en Valeur des Colonies Africaines a l'Aube du XXe Siecle: La Commission des Concessions Coloniales 1898-1912", The Journal of African History (in French), 20 (2): 271–287, doi:10.1017/s0021853700017060, JSTOR 181518
  • Shineberg, Dorothy (1999), The People Trade: Pacific Island Laborers and New Caledonia, 1865-1930, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-2177-7, retrieved 2018-07-06
  • "Société industrielle et commerciale du Soudan français" (PDF), entreprises-coloniales (in French), retrieved 2018-07-04
  • Stéhlé, Guy (November 1995), "Deux gouverneurs des Antilles", G.H.C. Bulletin (in French) (76), retrieved 2018-07-04

April 12, 2024
noël, pardon, marie, jacques, june, 1854, july, 1910, french, colonial, administrator, served, cochinchina, caledonia, governor, guadeloupe, martinique, after, leaving, colonial, service, involved, various, private, enterprises, develop, colonies, marie, jacqu. Marie Jacques Noel Pardon 4 June 1854 12 July 1910 was a French colonial administrator He served in Cochinchina New Caledonia and as Governor of Guadeloupe and Martinique After leaving the colonial service he was involved in various private enterprises to develop the colonies Marie Jacques Noel PardonActing Governor of CochinchinaIn office 23 October 1887 2 November 1887Preceded byAnge Michel FilippiniSucceeded byJules Georges PiquetActing Governor of New CaledoniaIn office 12 January 1889 14 April 1891Preceded byDelphino MoracchiniSucceeded byEmile Gustave LaffonGovernor of GuadeloupeIn office 1894 1895Preceded byLouis Hippolyte Marie NouetSucceeded byJean Jules Armand Charles Couzinet acting 1 Governor of MartiniqueIn office 10 Jun 1895 1898Preceded byDelphino MoracchiniSucceeded byMarie Louis Gustave GabriePersonal detailsBorn 1854 06 04 4 June 1854Chalon sur Saone FranceDied12 July 1910 1910 07 12 aged 56 Oxus between Madagascar and ParisOccupationColonial administrator Contents 1 Career 1 1 Early years 1854 89 1 2 New Caledonia 1889 91 1 3 Guadeloupe 1894 95 1 4 Martinique 1895 98 1 5 Company director 1898 1910 2 Publications 3 Notes 4 SourcesCareer editEarly years 1854 89 edit Noel Pardon was born on 4 June 1854 in Chalon sur Saone He became a Doctor of Law and a colonial administrator 2 Noel Pardon was appointed secretary general of the prefecture of the Loire In 1886 he was appointed Director of the Interior of Cochinchina He was Acting Governor of Cochinchina from October to November 1887 3 New Caledonia 1889 91 edit Pardon was Acting Governor of New Caledonia from 1889 to 1891 3 He arrived in New Caledonia early in 1889 He was concerned about the shortage of agricultural laborers and about the lack of supervision of workers hired privately He supported the official resumption of indentured servitude as long as recruitment was regulated as demanded by the General Council an advisory body that represented the free citizens of the colony 4 In 1890 Pardon submitted a proposal for land reform in New Caledonia to the Extra Parliamentary Committee of the Cadastre 5 He wanted to apply the Torrens title system in the colony which would allow for the appropriation and sale of lands to private individuals with the profit used to cover the colony s costs There would be no difficulty with indigenous legislation since there was none unlike the complications that arose in more advanced countries such as Tunisia 6 In 1893 Pardon ran unsuccessfully for election to the legislature for Firminy Loire 3 Guadeloupe 1894 95 edit Pardon was governor of Guadeloupe from 1894 to 1895 3 He gave a detail report in the island s economy in 1894 to the Minister of the Colonies concluding that politics must be held responsible for the poor finances 7 Workers in Guadeloupe had been receiving steadily lower wages over the last decade while prices had been rising in part due to the Meline tariff and in part to the bank s manipulation of the exchange rate between the Guadeloupe franc and the French franc He wrote to the Minister of the Colonie on 20 April 1895 that the workers live exclusively on factory wages buy everything and do not have at least in wide stretches of this land a manioc sweet potato plant or a breadfruit tree Their supposed representatives in parliament had little interest in helping the workers 8 Pardon blamed the sugar crisis in the island on poor decisions by past colonial officials and the industry leaders who had failed to diversify into other industries However he did not have a good alternative By continuing to support the industry the administration was supporting sugar planters and manufacturers who were typically opposed to the Republic but failure to support it would cause economic crisis and push workers towards socialism and revolutionary politics 9 Martinique 1895 98 edit In June 1895 Delphino Moracchini was transferred to become Governor of Guadeloupe 10 He exchanged places with Pardon who became governor of Martinique 11 In a letter of 30 January 1896 to the Minister of the Marine and the Colonies Pardon mentioned several outbreaks of typhoid and yellow fever 12 In August 1896 Pardon confirmed that two patients had died of yellow fever in Fort de France that month while two suspected cases had been isolated and expected to live The outbreak seemed to have been contained 13 In 1897 he was placed on leave without pay 3 On 12 July 1898 Pardon was replaced as Governor of Martinique by Marie Louis Gustave Gabrie 14 Company director 1898 1910 edit In September 1898 the Echo des mines et de la metallurgie announced that the Societe industrielle et commerciale du Soudan francais Industrial and Commercial Society of the French Sudan had been founded with a capital of 1 400 000 francs Noel Pardon was listed first among the directors 15 He was also a director of the industrial and commercial company of Indo China 3 Pardon was president of a delegation to support opening the interior of the African colonies that addressed a memorandum on 5 February 1900 to the Colonial Minister noting the usefulness of territorial concessions for development of settlements 16 In 1904 he went on a mission to the United States on behalf of the Wyoming Union That year he was counsel in New Caledonia of the International Nickel Company Pardon died on 12 July 1910 aboard the Oxus on which he had embarked in Madagascar 3 Publications editPublication by Noel Pardon include 2 Noel Pardon 1888 Apercu sur la situation reelle des budgets d Indo Chine Paris Impr de G Chamerot p 45 Charles Marie Le Myre de Vilers Noel Pardon 15 March 1888 Organisation administrative de l Indochine francaise Projet de rapport au president de la Republique p 22 Paul Branda Noel Pardon 1889 Le Haut Mekong ou le Laos ouvert Nouvelle edition contenant une carte du Haut Mekong Paris Fischbacher p 88 Noel Pardon 1891 Rapport et projet de decret sur la conservation et la transmission de la propriete fonciere des hypotheques et des autres droits reels immobiliers en Nouvelle Caledonie Torrens Act Paris Impr nationale Ministere du commerce de l industrie et des colonies Sous secretariat d Etat des colonies p 64 Tucker Julius G September 4 1896 MARTINIQUE WEST INDIES Two cases of yellow fever in Martinique Public Health Reports 11 36 843 JSTOR 41436475Notes edit Guadeloupe Worldstatesmen Retrieved January 22 2024 a b Noel Pardon 1854 1910 BnF a b c d e f g Banque de Cochinchine 1908 1910 p 2 Shineberg 1999 p 58 Garnier 1897 p 196 Garnier 1897 p 197 Heath 2014 p 154 Heath 2014 p 122 Heath 2014 p 155 Lampin Stehle 1995 p 1452 McCloy 2015 p 173 Tucker 1896 p 843 Cahoon Societe industrielle et commerciale du Soudan francais Rabut 1979 p 277 Sources edit Banque de Cochinchine 1908 1910 PDF entreprises coloniales fr in French 22 June 2018 retrieved 2018 07 04 Cahoon Ben Martinique Worldstatsemen org retrieved 2018 07 04 Garnier Gustave 1897 Legislation domaniale et propriete fonciere dans les colonies et pays de protectorat franc ais in French A Challamel retrieved 2018 07 06 Heath Elizabeth 2014 10 09 Wine Sugar and the Making of Modern France Global Economic Crisis and the Racialization of French Citizenship 1870 1910 Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 107 07058 5 retrieved 2018 07 06 Lampin Didier Delphino Moracchini 1846 1903 La Martinique a la carte retrieved 2018 07 03 McCloy Shelby T 2015 01 13 The Negro in the French West Indies University Press of Kentucky ISBN 978 0 8131 6396 3 retrieved 2018 07 06 Noel Pardon 1854 1910 BnF Bibliotheque nationale de France retrieved 2018 07 04 Rabut Elisabeth 1979 Le Mythe Parisien de la Mise en Valeur des Colonies Africaines a l Aube du XXe Siecle La Commission des Concessions Coloniales 1898 1912 The Journal of African History in French 20 2 271 287 doi 10 1017 s0021853700017060 JSTOR 181518 Shineberg Dorothy 1999 The People Trade Pacific Island Laborers and New Caledonia 1865 1930 University of Hawaii Press ISBN 978 0 8248 2177 7 retrieved 2018 07 06 Societe industrielle et commerciale du Soudan francais PDF entreprises coloniales in French retrieved 2018 07 04 Stehle Guy November 1995 Deux gouverneurs des Antilles G H C Bulletin in French 76 retrieved 2018 07 04 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Noel Pardon amp oldid 1197843482, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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