Norman Myles Kroll (6 April 1922, Tulsa, Oklahoma – 8 August 2004, La Jolla, California) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his pioneering work in QED.[1]
Kroll received in 1942 his bachelor's degree from Columbia University after 2 years of study, having studied from 1938 to 1940 at Rice University in Houston. During WW II he did theoretical radar research (magnetron theory),[2] during 1943–1945,[3] at Columbia under the supervision of Willis Lamb and I. I. Rabi. In 1943 Kroll received his master's degree and in 1948 his PhD from Columbia University with Lamb as thesis advisor.
He collaborated with Lamb on their famous paper "On the Self-Energy of a Bound Electron," which was published in 1949 in the Physical Review and reprinted by Dover Publications in 1959 as part of Selected Papers on Quantum Electrodynamics. Based on Kroll's thesis work, the paper provided the first theoretical explanation of the Lamb shift in QED and became one of the most important landmarks of the field.[1]
Kroll became at Columbia an assistant professor in 1949 and was promoted to associate professor and then full professor before leaving for UCSD.
In 1962, UCSD recruited Kroll to become one of its physics department's founding members and thereby bring to UCSD the prestige and recognition of a world leader in research. During his four decades at UCSD, Kroll continued his research in QED, developed with Marshall Rosenbluth a theory of the free electron laser, and participated in the design of particle accelerators. In addition, he made numerous contributions to the development of UCSD as one of the nation's leading research universities and twice served as chair of UCSD's physics department, from 1963 to 1965 and from 1983 to 1988.[1]
Upon his death, Kroll was survived by his wife, four children, and nine grandchildren.[6]
Selected publicationsedit
with Lamb: Kroll, Norman M.; Lamb, Willis E. (1949). "On the self-energy of the bound electron". Physical Review. 75 (3): 388–398. Bibcode:1949PhRv...75..388K. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.75.388.
with Karplus: Karplus, Robert; Kroll, Norman M. (1950). "Fourth-order corrections in quantum electrodynamics and the magnetic moment of the electron". Physical Review. 77 (4): 536–549. Bibcode:1950PhRv...77..536K. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.77.536.
with Malvin A. Ruderman: Kroll, Norman M.; Ruderman, Malvin A. (1954). "A Theorem on photomeson production near threshold and the suppression of pairs in pseudoscalar meson theory". Physical Review. 93 (1): 233–238. Bibcode:1954PhRv...93..233K. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.233.
with Walter Wada: Kroll, Norman M.; Wada, Walter (1955). "Internal pair production associated with the emission of high-energy gamma rays". Physical Review. 98 (5): 1355–1359. Bibcode:1955PhRv...98.1355K. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.98.1355.
with Eyvind H. Wichmann: Wichmann, Eyvind H.; Kroll, Norman M. (1956). "Vacuum polarization in a strong coulomb field". Physical Review. 101 (2): 843–859. Bibcode:1956PhRv..101..843W. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.101.843.
Kroll, Norman M. (1965). "Excitation of Hypersonic Vibrations by Means of Photoelastic Coupling of High‐Intensity Light Waves to Elastic Waves". Journal of Applied Physics. 36 (1): 34–43. Bibcode:1965JAP....36...34K. doi:10.1063/1.1713918.
with Tsung-Dao Lee and Bruno Zumino: Kroll, Norman M.; Lee, T. D.; Zumino, Bruno (1967). "Neutral vector mesons and the hadronic electromagnetic current". Physical Review. 157 (5): 1376–1399. Bibcode:1967PhRv..157.1376K. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.157.1376. ISBN9780817633424.
with Kenneth M. Watson: Kroll, Norman M.; Watson, Kenneth M. (1973). "Charged-particle scattering in the presence of a strong electromagnetic wave" (PDF). Physical Review A. 8 (2): 804–809. Bibcode:1973PhRvA...8..804K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.8.804.
with Marvin Douglas: Douglas, Marvin; Kroll, Norman M. (1974). "Quantum electrodynamical corrections to the fine structure of helium". Annals of Physics. 82 (1): 89–155. Bibcode:1974AnPhy..82...89D. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(74)90333-9.
with Philip L. Morton and Marshall N. Rosenbluth: Kroll, N.; Morton, P.; Rosenbluth, M. (1981). "Free-electron lasers with variable parameter wigglers" (PDF). IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 17 (8): 1436–1468. Bibcode:1981IJQE...17.1436K. doi:10.1109/JQE.1981.1071285. S2CID 1089168. from the original on September 25, 2017.
Referencesedit
^ abcGoldberger, Marvin; Kuti, Julius (December 2004). "Obituary. Norman Myles Kroll". Physics Today. 58 (12): 82. Bibcode:2005PhT....58l..82G. doi:10.1063/1.2169457.
^Schweber, Silvan S. (1994). "3.4 Training a New Generation of Physicists: Norman Kroll". QED and the men who made it: Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga. Princeton University Press. pp. 141–144. ISBN0691033277.
^ abc. Archived from the original on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
^Kaiser, David (2009). "Kroll's Perturbative Bookkeepers". Drawing theories apart: The dispersion of Feynman diagrams in postwar physics. University of Chicago Press. pp. 209–220. ISBN9780226422657.
^Mehra, Jagdish (2004). The Conceptual Completion and Extensions of Quantum Mechanics 1932-1941. Epilogue: Aspects of the Further Development of Quantum Theory 1942-1999: Subject Index: Volumes 1 to 6. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 1040–1042. ISBN9780387218052.
^ abKroll, Joseph; Kuti, Julius; Ruderman, Malvin (2015). "Norman M. Kroll 1922–2004" (PDF). Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences.
External linksedit
Oral history interview with Norman Myles Kroll on 28 June 1986, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives - interview conducted in La Jolla, California
January 09, 2024
norman, myles, kroll, april, 1922, tulsa, oklahoma, august, 2004, jolla, california, american, theoretical, physicist, known, pioneering, work, kroll, received, 1942, bachelor, degree, from, columbia, university, after, years, study, having, studied, from, 193. Norman Myles Kroll 6 April 1922 Tulsa Oklahoma 8 August 2004 La Jolla California was an American theoretical physicist known for his pioneering work in QED 1 Kroll received in 1942 his bachelor s degree from Columbia University after 2 years of study having studied from 1938 to 1940 at Rice University in Houston During WW II he did theoretical radar research magnetron theory 2 during 1943 1945 3 at Columbia under the supervision of Willis Lamb and I I Rabi In 1943 Kroll received his master s degree and in 1948 his PhD from Columbia University with Lamb as thesis advisor He collaborated with Lamb on their famous paper On the Self Energy of a Bound Electron which was published in 1949 in the Physical Review and reprinted by Dover Publications in 1959 as part of Selected Papers on Quantum Electrodynamics Based on Kroll s thesis work the paper provided the first theoretical explanation of the Lamb shift in QED and became one of the most important landmarks of the field 1 In the academic year 1948 1949 he was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study where he with Robert Karplus calculated the QED two loop contributions for the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron 4 Kroll was with Lamb one of the first including Victor Weisskopf and his student Bruce French to calculate the relativistic Lamb shift after Hans Bethe made a rough non relativistic estimate for it 5 This work was part of the pioneering efforts that led to the QED formalism developed by Richard Feynman Julian Schwinger and Sin Itiro Tomonaga Kroll became at Columbia an assistant professor in 1949 and was promoted to associate professor and then full professor before leaving for UCSD In 1962 UCSD recruited Kroll to become one of its physics department s founding members and thereby bring to UCSD the prestige and recognition of a world leader in research During his four decades at UCSD Kroll continued his research in QED developed with Marshall Rosenbluth a theory of the free electron laser and participated in the design of particle accelerators In addition he made numerous contributions to the development of UCSD as one of the nation s leading research universities and twice served as chair of UCSD s physics department from 1963 to 1965 and from 1983 to 1988 1 In the academic year 1955 1956 he was a Sloan Fellow and a Guggenheim Fellow at the University of Rome He was elected in 1974 to the National Academy of Sciences He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Fellow of the American Physical Society 3 Among his doctoral students are Robert Mills and Eyvind Wichmann 6 In 1960 1981 he was a member of the JASON Defense Advisory Group 3 Upon his death Kroll was survived by his wife four children and nine grandchildren 6 Selected publications editwith Lamb Kroll Norman M Lamb Willis E 1949 On the self energy of the bound electron Physical Review 75 3 388 398 Bibcode 1949PhRv 75 388K doi 10 1103 PhysRev 75 388 with Karplus Karplus Robert Kroll Norman M 1950 Fourth order corrections in quantum electrodynamics and the magnetic moment of the electron Physical Review 77 4 536 549 Bibcode 1950PhRv 77 536K doi 10 1103 PhysRev 77 536 with Malvin A Ruderman Kroll Norman M Ruderman Malvin A 1954 A Theorem on photomeson production near threshold and the suppression of pairs in pseudoscalar meson theory Physical Review 93 1 233 238 Bibcode 1954PhRv 93 233K doi 10 1103 PhysRev 93 233 with Walter Wada Kroll Norman M Wada Walter 1955 Internal pair production associated with the emission of high energy gamma rays Physical Review 98 5 1355 1359 Bibcode 1955PhRv 98 1355K doi 10 1103 PhysRev 98 1355 with Eyvind H Wichmann Wichmann Eyvind H Kroll Norman M 1956 Vacuum polarization in a strong coulomb field Physical Review 101 2 843 859 Bibcode 1956PhRv 101 843W doi 10 1103 PhysRev 101 843 Kroll Norman M 1965 Excitation of Hypersonic Vibrations by Means of Photoelastic Coupling of High Intensity Light Waves to Elastic Waves Journal of Applied Physics 36 1 34 43 Bibcode 1965JAP 36 34K doi 10 1063 1 1713918 with Tsung Dao Lee and Bruno Zumino Kroll Norman M Lee T D Zumino Bruno 1967 Neutral vector mesons and the hadronic electromagnetic current Physical Review 157 5 1376 1399 Bibcode 1967PhRv 157 1376K doi 10 1103 PhysRev 157 1376 ISBN 9780817633424 with Kenneth M Watson Kroll Norman M Watson Kenneth M 1973 Charged particle scattering in the presence of a strong electromagnetic wave PDF Physical Review A 8 2 804 809 Bibcode 1973PhRvA 8 804K doi 10 1103 PhysRevA 8 804 with Marvin Douglas Douglas Marvin Kroll Norman M 1974 Quantum electrodynamical corrections to the fine structure of helium Annals of Physics 82 1 89 155 Bibcode 1974AnPhy 82 89D doi 10 1016 0003 4916 74 90333 9 with Philip L Morton and Marshall N Rosenbluth Kroll N Morton P Rosenbluth M 1981 Free electron lasers with variable parameter wigglers PDF IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 17 8 1436 1468 Bibcode 1981IJQE 17 1436K doi 10 1109 JQE 1981 1071285 S2CID 1089168 Archived from the original on September 25 2017 References edit a b c Goldberger Marvin Kuti Julius December 2004 Obituary Norman Myles Kroll Physics Today 58 12 82 Bibcode 2005PhT 58l 82G doi 10 1063 1 2169457 Schweber Silvan S 1994 3 4 Training a New Generation of Physicists Norman Kroll QED and the men who made it Dyson Feynman Schwinger and Tomonaga Princeton University Press pp 141 144 ISBN 0691033277 a b c Norman Kroll Array of Contemporary American Physicists Archived from the original on 2016 03 07 Retrieved 2016 04 28 Kaiser David 2009 Kroll s Perturbative Bookkeepers Drawing theories apart The dispersion of Feynman diagrams in postwar physics University of Chicago Press pp 209 220 ISBN 9780226422657 Mehra Jagdish 2004 The Conceptual Completion and Extensions of Quantum Mechanics 1932 1941 Epilogue Aspects of the Further Development of Quantum Theory 1942 1999 Subject Index Volumes 1 to 6 Springer Science amp Business Media pp 1040 1042 ISBN 9780387218052 a b Kroll Joseph Kuti Julius Ruderman Malvin 2015 Norman M Kroll 1922 2004 PDF Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences External links editOral history interview with Norman Myles Kroll on 28 June 1986 American Institute of Physics Niels Bohr Library amp Archives interview conducted in La Jolla California Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Norman Myles Kroll amp oldid 1174520754, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
