Normal weight obesity, more commonly referred to as skinny fat,[1] is the condition of having normal body weight, but with a high body fat percentage, leading to some of the same health risks as obesity.
Normal weight obesity
Other names
Skinny fat
A man with a mass of 175 lbs/79.3 kg and a height of 5ft 11 in/181 cm with a body mass index of 24.4
The term "metabolically obese normal weight" (MONW) refers to people with normal weight and body mass index (BMI), who display some metabolic characteristics which increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in the same way as obesity. People with MONW have excess visceral fat, and are predisposed to hyperinsulinemia, insulin-resistance and thus predisposition to type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and premature coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease.[2] The BMI does not capture information about percentage body fat (PBF), which is a better predictor of risk due to obesity.[3][4][5][6] Some studies have suggested that the main factor which explains the metabolic abnormalities in MONW individuals is fat distribution. On the basis of these studies, a scoring method has been proposed to identify MONW individuals, based on the presence of associated diseases or biochemical abnormalities related to insulin resistance.[7]
Prevalence
In 2008, the first prevalence of US adults above 20 years was published, based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2004, finding that 24% of normal-weight adults were metabolically abnormal; on the other hand 49% of overweight adults and 68% of obese adults were metabolically abnormal.[8][clarification needed] An analysis from an earlier NHANES from 1988 to 1994 found people with NWO had a four-fold higher frequency of metabolic syndrome compared with the low body fat group.[9] In 2015 the overall presence in the general worldwide population was suggested to be about 20%, with European populations having the highest rate of MONW. Patterns were subject to and also influenced by gender, age, smoking, alcohol use, and region.[10]
Treatment
As of 2018, optimal treatment is unknown.[11] A 1998 study suggested that energy restriction and weight loss, for example a 4- to 12-week period of diet and exercise was beneficial.[2] A small study of 11 Asians with MONW published June 2018 found that moderate weight loss through dieting reduced their cardiometabolic risk per improved body composition, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity.[11]
Magnesium supplementation orally has been shown to improve blood pressure and metabolic profile for those listed as MONW.[12]
^Gómez-Ambrosi, J; Silva, C; Galofré, JC; Escalada, J; et al. (2012). "Body mass index classification misses subjects with increased cardiometabolic risk factors related to elevated adiposity". Int J Obes (Lond). 36 (2): 286–94. doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.100. PMID 21587201.
^Flegal, KM (2010). "Commentary: the quest for weight standards". Int J Epidemiol. 39 (4): 963–7. doi:10.1093/ije/dyq124. PMID 20660171.
^Sun, Q; van Dam, RM; Spiegelman, D; et al. (2010). "Comparison of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometric and Anthropometric Measures of Adiposity in Relation to Adiposity-Related Biologic Factors". Am J Epidemiol. 172 (12): 1442–54. doi:10.1093/aje/kwq306. PMC2998203. PMID 20952596.
^World Health Organization. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1995; 854: 1–452. Okorodudu DO, Jumean MF, Montori VM, et al. Diagnostic performance of body mass index to identify obesity as defined by body adiposity: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Int J Obes 2010 34(5): 791–9
^Karelis, AD; St-Pierre, DH; Conus, F; Rabasa-Lhoret, R; Poehlman, ET (2004). "Metabolic and body composition factors in subgroups of obesity:what do we know?". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 89 (6): 2569–2575. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0165. PMID 15181025.
^Wildman RP, Muntner P, Reynolds K, et al. The Obese Without Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering and the Normal Weight With Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering. Prevalence and Correlates of 2 Phenotypes Among the US Population (NHANES 1999–2004). Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(15):1617–1624. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.15.1617
^Abel Romero-Corral, Virend K. Somers, Justo Sierra-Johnson, Yoel Korenfeld, Simona Boarin, Josef Korinek Michael, D. Jensen Gianfranco Parati, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez Normal weight obesity: a risk factor for cardiometabolic dysregulation and cardiovascular mortality European Heart Journal, Volume 31, Issue 6, 1 March 2010, Pages 737–746.
^Wang, B.; Zhuang, R.; Luo, X.; Yin, L.; Pang, C.; Feng, T.; You, H.; Zhai, Y.; Ren, Y.; Zhang, L.; Li, L.; Zhao, J.; Hu, D. (2015-09-04). "Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy Obese and Metabolically Obese but Normal Weight in Adults Worldwide: A Meta-Analysis". Hormone and Metabolic Research. Georg Thieme Verlag KG. 47 (11): 839–845. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1559767. ISSN 0018-5043.
^ abRubin R. What's the Best Way to Treat Normal-Weight People With Metabolic Abnormalities? JAMA. 2018;320(3):223–225. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8188
^Găman, Mihnea-Alexandru; Dobrică, Elena-Codruța; Cozma, Matei-Alexandru; Antonie, Ninel-Iacobus; Stănescu, Ana Maria Alexandra; Găman, Amelia Maria; Diaconu, Camelia Cristina (2021-04-22). "Crosstalk of Magnesium and Serum Lipids in Dyslipidemia and Associated Disorders: A Systematic Review". Nutrients. MDPI AG. 13 (5): 1411. doi:10.3390/nu13051411. ISSN 2072-6643.
March 04, 2023
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This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed December 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Normal weight obesity more commonly referred to as skinny fat 1 is the condition of having normal body weight but with a high body fat percentage leading to some of the same health risks as obesity Normal weight obesityOther namesSkinny fatA man with a mass of 175 lbs 79 3 kg and a height of 5ft 11 in 181 cm with a body mass index of 24 4SpecialtyEndocrinologyTreatmentDiet exercise Contents 1 Definition 2 Prevalence 3 Treatment 4 See also 5 ReferencesDefinition EditMain article Classification of obesity The term metabolically obese normal weight MONW refers to people with normal weight and body mass index BMI who display some metabolic characteristics which increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in the same way as obesity People with MONW have excess visceral fat and are predisposed to hyperinsulinemia insulin resistance and thus predisposition to type 2 diabetes hypertriglyceridemia hypertension and premature coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease 2 The BMI does not capture information about percentage body fat PBF which is a better predictor of risk due to obesity 3 4 5 6 Some studies have suggested that the main factor which explains the metabolic abnormalities in MONW individuals is fat distribution On the basis of these studies a scoring method has been proposed to identify MONW individuals based on the presence of associated diseases or biochemical abnormalities related to insulin resistance 7 Prevalence EditIn 2008 the first prevalence of US adults above 20 years was published based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2004 finding that 24 of normal weight adults were metabolically abnormal on the other hand 49 of overweight adults and 68 of obese adults were metabolically abnormal 8 clarification needed An analysis from an earlier NHANES from 1988 to 1994 found people with NWO had a four fold higher frequency of metabolic syndrome compared with the low body fat group 9 In 2015 the overall presence in the general worldwide population was suggested to be about 20 with European populations having the highest rate of MONW Patterns were subject to and also influenced by gender age smoking alcohol use and region 10 Treatment EditAs of 2018 optimal treatment is unknown 11 A 1998 study suggested that energy restriction and weight loss for example a 4 to 12 week period of diet and exercise was beneficial 2 A small study of 11 Asians with MONW published June 2018 found that moderate weight loss through dieting reduced their cardiometabolic risk per improved body composition lipid profile and insulin sensitivity 11 Magnesium supplementation orally has been shown to improve blood pressure and metabolic profile for those listed as MONW 12 See also EditAbdominal obesity Body compositionReferences Edit Healthline June 8th 2021 What Does Skinny Fat Mean a b Ruderman N Chisholm D Pi Sunyer X Schneider S May 1998 The metabolically obese normal weight individual revisited Diabetes 47 5 699 713 doi 10 2337 diabetes 47 5 699 PMID 9588440 Gomez Ambrosi J Silva C Galofre JC Escalada J et al 2012 Body mass index classification misses subjects with increased cardiometabolic risk factors related to elevated adiposity Int J Obes Lond 36 2 286 94 doi 10 1038 ijo 2011 100 PMID 21587201 Flegal KM 2010 Commentary the quest for weight standards Int J Epidemiol 39 4 963 7 doi 10 1093 ije dyq124 PMID 20660171 Sun Q van Dam RM Spiegelman D et al 2010 Comparison of Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometric and Anthropometric Measures of Adiposity in Relation to Adiposity Related Biologic Factors Am J Epidemiol 172 12 1442 54 doi 10 1093 aje kwq306 PMC 2998203 PMID 20952596 World Health Organization Physical status the use and interpretation of anthropometry Report of a WHO Expert Committee World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1995 854 1 452 Okorodudu DO Jumean MF Montori VM et al Diagnostic performance of body mass index to identify obesity as defined by body adiposity a systematic review and metaanalysis Int J Obes 2010 34 5 791 9 Karelis AD St Pierre DH Conus F Rabasa Lhoret R Poehlman ET 2004 Metabolic and body composition factors in subgroups of obesity what do we know J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 6 2569 2575 doi 10 1210 jc 2004 0165 PMID 15181025 Wildman RP Muntner P Reynolds K et al The Obese Without Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering and the Normal Weight With Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering Prevalence and Correlates of 2 Phenotypes Among the US Population NHANES 1999 2004 Arch Intern Med 2008 168 15 1617 1624 doi 10 1001 archinte 168 15 1617 Abel Romero Corral Virend K Somers Justo Sierra Johnson Yoel Korenfeld Simona Boarin Josef Korinek Michael D Jensen Gianfranco Parati Francisco Lopez Jimenez Normal weight obesity a risk factor for cardiometabolic dysregulation and cardiovascular mortality European Heart Journal Volume 31 Issue 6 1 March 2010 Pages 737 746 Wang B Zhuang R Luo X Yin L Pang C Feng T You H Zhai Y Ren Y Zhang L Li L Zhao J Hu D 2015 09 04 Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy Obese and Metabolically Obese but Normal Weight in Adults Worldwide A Meta Analysis Hormone and Metabolic Research Georg Thieme Verlag KG 47 11 839 845 doi 10 1055 s 0035 1559767 ISSN 0018 5043 a b Rubin R What s the Best Way to Treat Normal Weight People With Metabolic Abnormalities JAMA 2018 320 3 223 225 doi 10 1001 jama 2018 8188 Găman Mihnea Alexandru Dobrică Elena Codruța Cozma Matei Alexandru Antonie Ninel Iacobus Stănescu Ana Maria Alexandra Găman Amelia Maria Diaconu Camelia Cristina 2021 04 22 Crosstalk of Magnesium and Serum Lipids in Dyslipidemia and Associated Disorders A Systematic Review Nutrients MDPI AG 13 5 1411 doi 10 3390 nu13051411 ISSN 2072 6643 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Normal weight obesity amp oldid 1136277740, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
