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Nomex

October 15, 2023

Nomex is a flame-resistant meta-aramid material developed in the early 1960s by DuPont and first marketed in 1967.[1]

A firefighter in Toronto, Canada wears a Nomex hood in 2007.

Properties Edit

Nomex and related aramid polymers are related to nylon, but have aromatic backbones, and hence are more rigid and more durable. Nomex is an example of a meta variant of the aramids (Kevlar is a para aramid). Unlike Kevlar, Nomex strands cannot align during filament polymerization and have less strength: its ultimate tensile strength is 340 MPa.[2] However, it has excellent thermal, chemical, and radiation resistance for a polymer material. It can withstand temperatures of up to 370 °C.[3]

Production Edit

Nomex is produced by condensation reaction from the monomers m-phenylenediamine and isophthaloyl chloride.[1]

It is sold in both fiber and sheet forms and is used as a fabric where resistance from heat and flame is required. Nomex sheet is actually a calendered paper and made in a similar fashion. Nomex Type 410 paper was the first Nomex paper developed and one of the higher volume grades made, mostly for electrical insulation purposes. Nomex fiber is made in the United States.

Wilfred Sweeny (1926–2011), the DuPont scientist responsible for discoveries leading to Nomex, earned a DuPont Lavoisier Medal[4] in 2002 partly for this work.

Applications Edit

Nomex Paper is used in electrical laminates such as circuit boards and transformer cores as well as fireproof honeycomb structures where it is saturated with a phenolic resin. Honeycomb structures such as these, as well as mylar-Nomex laminates, are used extensively in aircraft construction. Firefighting, military aviation, and vehicle racing industries use Nomex to create clothing and equipment that can withstand intense heat.

A Nomex hood is a common piece of racing and firefighting equipment. It is placed on the head on top of a firefighter's face mask. The hood protects the portions of the head not covered by the helmet and face mask from the intense heat of the fire.

Wildland firefighters wear Nomex shirts and trousers as part of their personal protective equipment during wildfire suppression activities.

Racing car drivers wear driving suits constructed of Nomex and or other fire retardant materials, along with Nomex gloves, long underwear, balaclavas, socks, helmet lining and shoes, to protect them in the event of a fire.

Military pilots and aircrew wear flight suits made of over 92 percent Nomex to protect them from cockpit fires. Troops riding in ground vehicles often wear Nomex for fire protection. Kevlar thread is often used to hold the fabric together at seams.

Military tank drivers also typically use Nomex hoods as protection against fire.[5]

In the U.S. space program, Nomex has been used for the Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment on the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (in conjunction with Kevlar and Gore-Tex) and ACES pressure suit, both for fire and extreme environment (water immersion to near vacuum) protection, and as thermal blankets on the payload bay doors, fuselage, and upper wing surfaces of the Space Shuttle Orbiter. It has also been used for the airbags for the Mars Pathfinder and Mars Exploration Rover missions[citation needed], the Galileo atmospheric probe, the Cassini-Huygens Titan probe, as an external covering on the AERCam Sprint, and is planned to be incorporated into NASA's upcoming Crew Exploration Vehicle.

Nomex has been used as an acoustic material in Troy, NY, at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center (EMPAC) main concert hall. A ceiling canopy of Nomex reflects high and mid frequency sound, providing reverberation, while letting lower frequency sound partially pass through the canopy.[6] According to RPI President Shirley Ann Jackson, EMPAC is the first venue in the world to use Nomex as an architectural material for acoustic reasons.[citation needed]

Nomex (like Kevlar) is also used in the production of loudspeaker drivers.

Honeycomb-structured Nomex paper is used as a spacer between layers of lead in the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter,[7] and as a laminate core for hull and deck construction in custom boats such as Stiletto Catamarans like the Stiletto 27.[8]

Nomex is used in industrial applications as a filter in exhaust filtration systems, typically a baghouse, that deal with hot gas emissions found in asphalt plants, cement plants, steel smelting facilities, and non-ferrous metal production facilities.[9]

Nomex is used in some classical guitar tops in order to create a 'composite' soundboard.[10] When Nomex is laminated between 2 spruce or cedar 'skins', a rigid and lightweight plate is produced, which can improve the efficiency of the soundboard. While the 'laminated' technique was created by Matthias Dammann, the use of Nomex within was first employed by luthier Gernot Wagner.[10]

History Edit

The deaths in fiery crashes of race car drivers Fireball Roberts at Charlotte, and Eddie Sachs and Dave MacDonald at Indianapolis in 1964, led to the use of flame-resistant fabrics such as Nomex.[11] In early 1966 Competition Press and Autoweek reported: "During the past season, experimental driving suits were worn by Walt Hansgen, Masten Gregory, Marvin Panch and Group 44's Bob Tullius; these four representing a fairly good cross section in the sport. The goal was to get use-test information on the comfort and laundering characteristics of Nomex. The Chrysler-Plymouth team at the recent Motor Trend 500 at Riverside also wore these suits."[12]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ a b Mera, Hiroshi; Takata, Tadahiko (2000). "High-Performance Fibers". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_001. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
  2. ^ "DuPont™ Nomex® N301 Nomex® Aramid Staple Fiber".
  3. ^ Sabir, Tasneem (2018). "Fibers used for high-performance apparel". High-Performance Apparel. pp. 7–32. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-100904-8.00002-X. ISBN 978-0-08-100904-8.
  4. ^ "Nomex Scientist Earns Lavoisier Medal". FiberSource. June 20, 2002. Archived from the original on January 23, 2013. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  5. ^ Intense Battles Call for Intense Flash Fire Protection
  6. ^ Immersive Art: Surrounded by Science, Art Flourishes 2011-07-10 at the Wayback Machine by Michael Eddy, Stage Directions, February 1, 2009
  7. ^ Hervas, L. (2005). "The ATLAS Liquid Argon Electromagnetic Calorimeter: Construction, Commissioning and Selected Test Beam Results". IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 54 (4): 1505–1512. doi:10.1109/TIM.2005.851233. S2CID 26075945.
  8. ^ Boat Building: Process and Advances, How Core Materials Make Better Boats by Eric W. Sponberg, Naval Architect
  9. ^ "Hot Gas Filtration".
  10. ^ a b Kamen, Chris. "The origin and development of the double top guitar". Classic Guitars International. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
  11. ^ Competition Press, June 27-July 10, 1964, Page 2.
  12. ^ Competition Press and Autoweek, April 9, 1966, Page 17.

External links Edit

  • DuPont Nomex
  • Dupont.com - 40th anniversary of Nomex - 2007
  • Comparison of single-layer Nomex suits

October 15, 2023
nomex, flame, resistant, meta, aramid, material, developed, early, 1960s, dupont, first, marketed, 1967, firefighter, toronto, canada, wears, hood, 2007, contents, properties, production, applications, history, also, references, external, linksproperties, edit. Nomex is a flame resistant meta aramid material developed in the early 1960s by DuPont and first marketed in 1967 1 A firefighter in Toronto Canada wears a Nomex hood in 2007 Contents 1 Properties 2 Production 3 Applications 4 History 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksProperties EditNomex and related aramid polymers are related to nylon but have aromatic backbones and hence are more rigid and more durable Nomex is an example of a meta variant of the aramids Kevlar is a para aramid Unlike Kevlar Nomex strands cannot align during filament polymerization and have less strength its ultimate tensile strength is 340 MPa 2 However it has excellent thermal chemical and radiation resistance for a polymer material It can withstand temperatures of up to 370 C 3 Production EditNomex is produced by condensation reaction from the monomers m phenylenediamine and isophthaloyl chloride 1 It is sold in both fiber and sheet forms and is used as a fabric where resistance from heat and flame is required Nomex sheet is actually a calendered paper and made in a similar fashion Nomex Type 410 paper was the first Nomex paper developed and one of the higher volume grades made mostly for electrical insulation purposes Nomex fiber is made in the United States Wilfred Sweeny 1926 2011 the DuPont scientist responsible for discoveries leading to Nomex earned a DuPont Lavoisier Medal 4 in 2002 partly for this work Applications EditNomex Paper is used in electrical laminates such as circuit boards and transformer cores as well as fireproof honeycomb structures where it is saturated with a phenolic resin Honeycomb structures such as these as well as mylar Nomex laminates are used extensively in aircraft construction Firefighting military aviation and vehicle racing industries use Nomex to create clothing and equipment that can withstand intense heat A Nomex hood is a common piece of racing and firefighting equipment It is placed on the head on top of a firefighter s face mask The hood protects the portions of the head not covered by the helmet and face mask from the intense heat of the fire Wildland firefighters wear Nomex shirts and trousers as part of their personal protective equipment during wildfire suppression activities Racing car drivers wear driving suits constructed of Nomex and or other fire retardant materials along with Nomex gloves long underwear balaclavas socks helmet lining and shoes to protect them in the event of a fire Military pilots and aircrew wear flight suits made of over 92 percent Nomex to protect them from cockpit fires Troops riding in ground vehicles often wear Nomex for fire protection Kevlar thread is often used to hold the fabric together at seams Military tank drivers also typically use Nomex hoods as protection against fire 5 In the U S space program Nomex has been used for the Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment on the Extravehicular Mobility Unit in conjunction with Kevlar and Gore Tex and ACES pressure suit both for fire and extreme environment water immersion to near vacuum protection and as thermal blankets on the payload bay doors fuselage and upper wing surfaces of the Space Shuttle Orbiter It has also been used for the airbags for the Mars Pathfinder and Mars Exploration Rover missions citation needed the Galileo atmospheric probe the Cassini Huygens Titan probe as an external covering on the AERCam Sprint and is planned to be incorporated into NASA s upcoming Crew Exploration Vehicle Nomex has been used as an acoustic material in Troy NY at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute s Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center EMPAC main concert hall A ceiling canopy of Nomex reflects high and mid frequency sound providing reverberation while letting lower frequency sound partially pass through the canopy 6 According to RPI President Shirley Ann Jackson EMPAC is the first venue in the world to use Nomex as an architectural material for acoustic reasons citation needed Nomex like Kevlar is also used in the production of loudspeaker drivers Honeycomb structured Nomex paper is used as a spacer between layers of lead in the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter 7 and as a laminate core for hull and deck construction in custom boats such as Stiletto Catamarans like the Stiletto 27 8 Nomex is used in industrial applications as a filter in exhaust filtration systems typically a baghouse that deal with hot gas emissions found in asphalt plants cement plants steel smelting facilities and non ferrous metal production facilities 9 Nomex is used in some classical guitar tops in order to create a composite soundboard 10 When Nomex is laminated between 2 spruce or cedar skins a rigid and lightweight plate is produced which can improve the efficiency of the soundboard While the laminated technique was created by Matthias Dammann the use of Nomex within was first employed by luthier Gernot Wagner 10 History EditThe deaths in fiery crashes of race car drivers Fireball Roberts at Charlotte and Eddie Sachs and Dave MacDonald at Indianapolis in 1964 led to the use of flame resistant fabrics such as Nomex 11 In early 1966 Competition Press and Autoweek reported During the past season experimental driving suits were worn by Walt Hansgen Masten Gregory Marvin Panch and Group 44 s Bob Tullius these four representing a fairly good cross section in the sport The goal was to get use test information on the comfort and laundering characteristics of Nomex The Chrysler Plymouth team at the recent Motor Trend 500 at Riverside also wore these suits 12 See also EditAramid Gore Tex Kevlar Marlan PET film Silica Aerogel Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment Twaron VectranReferences Edit a b Mera Hiroshi Takata Tadahiko 2000 High Performance Fibers Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry doi 10 1002 14356007 a13 001 ISBN 978 3 527 30673 2 DuPont Nomex N301 Nomex Aramid Staple Fiber Sabir Tasneem 2018 Fibers used for high performance apparel High Performance Apparel pp 7 32 doi 10 1016 B978 0 08 100904 8 00002 X ISBN 978 0 08 100904 8 Nomex Scientist Earns Lavoisier Medal FiberSource June 20 2002 Archived from the original on January 23 2013 Retrieved 2008 08 08 Intense Battles Call for Intense Flash Fire Protection Immersive Art Surrounded by Science Art Flourishes Archived 2011 07 10 at the Wayback Machine by Michael Eddy Stage Directions February 1 2009 Hervas L 2005 The ATLAS Liquid Argon Electromagnetic Calorimeter Construction Commissioning and Selected Test Beam Results IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 54 4 1505 1512 doi 10 1109 TIM 2005 851233 S2CID 26075945 Boat Building Process and Advances How Core Materials Make Better Boats by Eric W Sponberg Naval Architect Hot Gas Filtration a b Kamen Chris The origin and development of the double top guitar Classic Guitars International Retrieved 2022 12 19 Competition Press June 27 July 10 1964 Page 2 Competition Press and Autoweek April 9 1966 Page 17 External links EditDuPont Nomex Dupont com 40th anniversary of Nomex 2007 Comparison of single layer Nomex suits Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nomex amp oldid 1161303516, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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