fbpx
Wikipedia

Nina Frances Layard

December 15, 2023

Nina Frances Layard FSA FLS ( 20 August 1853 Stratford, Essex – 12 August 1935, Ipswich) was an English poet, prehistorian, archaeologist and antiquarian who conducted important excavations, and by winning the respect of contemporary academics helped to establish a role for women in her field of expertise.

Nina Frances Layard

FSA FLS
Born20 August 1853
Stratford Essex
Died12 August 1935
Ipswich
Occupations
PartnerMary Frances Outram

In about 1895 Layard met Mary Frances Outram; they formed a relationship and lived together. Layard was one of the first four women to be admitted as Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, in the first year of admission, and was admitted Fellow of the Linnean Society in the second year of women's admission. In 1921 she was the first woman to be President of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia.[1]

Early life and education edit

Nina Layard was born in Stratford, Essex on 20 August 1853 to Rev. Charles Clement Layard and Sarah, née Somes. Her father was first cousin to Sir Austen Henry Layard (excavator of Nineveh and Nimrud), Edgar Leopold Layard (Curator of the South African Museum at Cape Town, and Governor of Fiji), and Lady Charlotte Guest (translator of the Mabinogion and collector of ceramics). Her paternal grandfather, Brownlow Villiers Layard, was aide-de-camp and afterwards private chaplain to the Duke of Kent (and brother of the Governors of Malta and Curaçao and of Lady Lindsey), and was the son of a Dean of Bristol and grandson of the accoucheur Daniel Peter Layard. Rev. Charles Layard was also a maternal first cousin of Lady Llanover (of the Welsh cultural revival), being the son of Louisa Port, sister of Georgiana (favoured grandniece of Mrs Delany and companion of Fanny Burney), and therefore a descendant of Bernard Granville of Calwich and of Sir Richard Grenville of 'The Revenge'. Nina Layard's mother Sarah Somes was sister of Samuel Somes and the MP Joseph Somes. In the 1830s her brothers were the largest ship-owners in London and held contracts for convict shipping to Australia. Nina Layard was a sister of the essayist and litterateur George Somes Layard, and therefore the aunt of John Willoughby Layard, psychologist and anthropologist.[2]

Nina Layard was interested in natural history from a young age and was an enthusiastic collector of eggs and shells as a child. While her only formal education consisted of attendance at a dame-school in Willesden, Middlesex, over the course of her life, she was encouraged in the pursuit of her passions by a number of scholars, including Leonard Jenyns and John Ellor Taylor. In 1873 the family moved to Combe-Hay rectory, Bath, where her father was the Rector, and Layard continued her collecting. She travelled around the world via New Zealand in 1878–9.[3]

Archaeological work edit

 
Implements from the Palaeolithic Site in Ipswich. From Layard (1904)
 
Anglo-Saxon Bead Necklaces from Ipswich. From Layard (1907)

Remarkably for the time, Layard directed multiple archaeological excavations. Her first, in 1898, was the Blackfriars monastery, Ipswich. Here she succeeded in locating the foundations walls of the medieval buildings. From 1902-05, she conducted excavations at the paleolithic site of Foxhall Road (Ipswich), arguably her most important contribution to the disciplines of archaeology and prehistory.[4] Layard's work at Foxhall Road provided important evidence for the antiquity of humans (existence before the Ice Age), and her analysis of the stone tools discovered there enhanced understandings of the process of stone tool manufacture. In 1906-07, she excavated the Hadleigh Road site (Ipswich), an Anglo-Saxon cemetery under threat from a road-expansion project. Her work here documented 159 graves and their grave goods. The objects recovered were sent to the Ipswich Museum and her work on the site was published by the Society of Antiquaries (London), although as a women, she herself was not allowed entry into the Society.

Personal life edit

Layard moved to Ipswich in about 1890.[5] Around 1895 she met and began a relationship with author, lecturer, and watercolourist Mary Frances Outram, daughter of Indian Civil Service official Sir Francis Outram, of Chantry House, Felixstowe, and granddaughter of Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet.[6] The two women- who "had private means, influential family and social connections, and the leisure to pursue their interests"-[7] lived together at "The Dowches", Kelvedon, Essex.[8][9] Outram helped Layard in her research, and provided illustrations and transcriptions. Outram died on 31 May 1935; Layard died soon after on 12 August 1935. They were buried in a shared grave.[5]

References edit

  1. ^ "History of the Prehistoric Society | The Prehistoric Society". www.prehistoricsociety.org. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  2. ^ https://suffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk/customers/Suffolk%20Institute/2014/01/10/Volume%20XXXVIII%20Part%202%20(1994)_Nina%20Layard%20Hadleigh%20Road%20Ipswich%20Museum%201905-1908%20S%20J%20Plunkett_167%20to%20192.pdf
  3. ^ Plunkett, S. J. (2004). "Layard, Nina Frances (1853–1935), poet and archaeologist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/58931. Retrieved 15 March 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^ "Nina Layard | TrowelBlazers". Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  5. ^ a b Plunkett 1994, p. 167
  6. ^ White and Plunkett 2005, p. 6
  7. ^ https://suffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk/customers/Suffolk%20Institute/2014/01/10/Volume%20XXXVIII%20Part%202%20(1994)_Nina%20Layard%20Hadleigh%20Road%20Ipswich%20Museum%201905-1908%20S%20J%20Plunkett_167%20to%20192.pdf
  8. ^ Essex Naturalist- Being the Journal of the Essex Field Club, vol. 21, The Essex Field Club, 1927, p. 187
  9. ^ Dorothy Garrod and the Progress of the Paleolithic, William Davies, Ruth Charles, Oxbow Books, 2017, p. 245

Selected publications edit

  • Layard, Nina Frances (1890). Poems. London: Longmans, Green.
  • —— (1899). "Remarks on Wolsey's College and the Priory of St. Peter and St. Paul, Ipswich". Archaeological Journal. 56: 211–215. doi:10.1080/00665983.1899.10852820.
  • —— (1899). "Original researches on the sites of religious houses of Ipswich: with plan of excavation" (PDF). Archaeological Journal. 56: 232–238. doi:10.1080/00665983.1899.10852823.
  • —— (1902). Seventeen Suffolk martyrs. Ipswich: Smith, Suifall Press.
  • —— (1903). "A recent discovery of Paleolithic implements in Ipswich" (PDF). The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 33: 41–43. doi:10.2307/2842989. JSTOR 2842989.
  • —— (1904). "Further Excavations on a Palaeolithic Site in Ipswich". Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 34: 306–310. doi:10.2307/2843104. JSTOR 2843104.
  • —— (1906). "A winter's work on the Ipswich Palaeolithic site" (PDF). Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 36: 233–236. doi:10.2307/1193259. JSTOR 1193259.
  • —— (1907). "An Anglo-Saxon Cemetery in Ipswich". Archaeologia. 60 (2): 325–352. doi:10.1017/S0261340900005099.
  • —— (1922). "Prehistoric cooking places in Norfolk" (PDF). Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia. 3 (4): 483–498. doi:10.1017/S0958841800024674.
  • —— (1925). "Bronze Crowns and a Bronze Head-dress, from a Roman site at Cavenham Heath, Suffolk". The Antiquaries Journal. 5 (3): 258–265. doi:10.1017/S0003581500006715. S2CID 163954071.

Sources edit

  • S.J. Plunkett 1994, 'Nina Layard, Hadleigh Road and Ipswich Museum 1905-1908', Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology, 38(2), go to 164–166;167–192.
  • S.J. Plunkett 1994, Guardians of the Gipping: Anglo-Saxon Treasures from Hadleigh Road, Ipswich (Ipswich Borough Council 1994).
  • S.J. Plunkett 1995, 'Nina Layard and the Sub-Crag committee of 1910', in A. Longcroft and R. Joby (Eds), East Anglian Studies — Essays presented to J C Barringer (Norwich, Marwood), 211–222.
  • S.J. Plunkett 1997, 'Hamlet Watling 1818-1908: artist and antiquary', Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology 39, 48–75.
  • S.J. Plunkett 1999, 'Nina Frances Layard, Prehistorian (1835-1953)', in W Davies and R Charles (Eds), Dorothy Garrod and the Progress of the Palaeolithic: Studies in the palaeolithic archaeology of the Near East and Europe (Oxford: Oxbow), 242–262. digitized ISBN 1-900188-87-2.
  • M. White and S.J. Plunkett, 2005, Miss Layard Excavates: a Palaeolithic site at Foxhall Road, Ipswich, 1903–1905 (Western Academic and Specialist Press: Liverpool). ISBN 0-9535418-8-6.
  • S.J. Plunkett, 'Layard, Nina Frances (1853–1935), poet and archaeologist', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nina Frances Layard.
 
Scholia has an author profile for Nina Frances Layard.

December 15, 2023
nina, frances, layard, august, 1853, stratford, essex, august, 1935, ipswich, english, poet, prehistorian, archaeologist, antiquarian, conducted, important, excavations, winning, respect, contemporary, academics, helped, establish, role, women, field, expertis. Nina Frances Layard FSA FLS 20 August 1853 Stratford Essex 12 August 1935 Ipswich was an English poet prehistorian archaeologist and antiquarian who conducted important excavations and by winning the respect of contemporary academics helped to establish a role for women in her field of expertise Nina Frances LayardFSA FLSBorn20 August 1853Stratford EssexDied12 August 1935IpswichOccupationsPoetPrehistorianArchaeologistAntiquarianPartnerMary Frances OutramIn about 1895 Layard met Mary Frances Outram they formed a relationship and lived together Layard was one of the first four women to be admitted as Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in the first year of admission and was admitted Fellow of the Linnean Society in the second year of women s admission In 1921 she was the first woman to be President of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia 1 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Archaeological work 3 Personal life 4 References 5 Selected publications 6 Sources 7 External linksEarly life and education editNina Layard was born in Stratford Essex on 20 August 1853 to Rev Charles Clement Layard and Sarah nee Somes Her father was first cousin to Sir Austen Henry Layard excavator of Nineveh and Nimrud Edgar Leopold Layard Curator of the South African Museum at Cape Town and Governor of Fiji and Lady Charlotte Guest translator of the Mabinogion and collector of ceramics Her paternal grandfather Brownlow Villiers Layard was aide de camp and afterwards private chaplain to the Duke of Kent and brother of the Governors of Malta and Curacao and of Lady Lindsey and was the son of a Dean of Bristol and grandson of the accoucheur Daniel Peter Layard Rev Charles Layard was also a maternal first cousin of Lady Llanover of the Welsh cultural revival being the son of Louisa Port sister of Georgiana favoured grandniece of Mrs Delany and companion of Fanny Burney and therefore a descendant of Bernard Granville of Calwich and of Sir Richard Grenville of The Revenge Nina Layard s mother Sarah Somes was sister of Samuel Somes and the MP Joseph Somes In the 1830s her brothers were the largest ship owners in London and held contracts for convict shipping to Australia Nina Layard was a sister of the essayist and litterateur George Somes Layard and therefore the aunt of John Willoughby Layard psychologist and anthropologist 2 Nina Layard was interested in natural history from a young age and was an enthusiastic collector of eggs and shells as a child While her only formal education consisted of attendance at a dame school in Willesden Middlesex over the course of her life she was encouraged in the pursuit of her passions by a number of scholars including Leonard Jenyns and John Ellor Taylor In 1873 the family moved to Combe Hay rectory Bath where her father was the Rector and Layard continued her collecting She travelled around the world via New Zealand in 1878 9 3 Archaeological work edit nbsp Implements from the Palaeolithic Site in Ipswich From Layard 1904 nbsp Anglo Saxon Bead Necklaces from Ipswich From Layard 1907 Remarkably for the time Layard directed multiple archaeological excavations Her first in 1898 was the Blackfriars monastery Ipswich Here she succeeded in locating the foundations walls of the medieval buildings From 1902 05 she conducted excavations at the paleolithic site of Foxhall Road Ipswich arguably her most important contribution to the disciplines of archaeology and prehistory 4 Layard s work at Foxhall Road provided important evidence for the antiquity of humans existence before the Ice Age and her analysis of the stone tools discovered there enhanced understandings of the process of stone tool manufacture In 1906 07 she excavated the Hadleigh Road site Ipswich an Anglo Saxon cemetery under threat from a road expansion project Her work here documented 159 graves and their grave goods The objects recovered were sent to the Ipswich Museum and her work on the site was published by the Society of Antiquaries London although as a women she herself was not allowed entry into the Society Personal life editLayard moved to Ipswich in about 1890 5 Around 1895 she met and began a relationship with author lecturer and watercolourist Mary Frances Outram daughter of Indian Civil Service official Sir Francis Outram of Chantry House Felixstowe and granddaughter of Sir James Outram 1st Baronet 6 The two women who had private means influential family and social connections and the leisure to pursue their interests 7 lived together at The Dowches Kelvedon Essex 8 9 Outram helped Layard in her research and provided illustrations and transcriptions Outram died on 31 May 1935 Layard died soon after on 12 August 1935 They were buried in a shared grave 5 References edit History of the Prehistoric Society The Prehistoric Society www prehistoricsociety org Retrieved 21 February 2017 https suffolkinstitute pdfsrv co uk customers Suffolk 20Institute 2014 01 10 Volume 20XXXVIII 20Part 202 20 1994 Nina 20Layard 20Hadleigh 20Road 20Ipswich 20Museum 201905 1908 20S 20J 20Plunkett 167 20to 20192 pdf Plunkett S J 2004 Layard Nina Frances 1853 1935 poet and archaeologist Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 58931 Retrieved 15 March 2021 Subscription or UK public library membership required Nina Layard TrowelBlazers Retrieved 15 March 2021 a b Plunkett 1994 p 167 White and Plunkett 2005 p 6 https suffolkinstitute pdfsrv co uk customers Suffolk 20Institute 2014 01 10 Volume 20XXXVIII 20Part 202 20 1994 Nina 20Layard 20Hadleigh 20Road 20Ipswich 20Museum 201905 1908 20S 20J 20Plunkett 167 20to 20192 pdf Essex Naturalist Being the Journal of the Essex Field Club vol 21 The Essex Field Club 1927 p 187 Dorothy Garrod and the Progress of the Paleolithic William Davies Ruth Charles Oxbow Books 2017 p 245Selected publications editLayard Nina Frances 1890 Poems London Longmans Green 1899 Remarks on Wolsey s College and the Priory of St Peter and St Paul Ipswich Archaeological Journal 56 211 215 doi 10 1080 00665983 1899 10852820 1899 Original researches on the sites of religious houses of Ipswich with plan of excavation PDF Archaeological Journal 56 232 238 doi 10 1080 00665983 1899 10852823 1902 Seventeen Suffolk martyrs Ipswich Smith Suifall Press 1903 A recent discovery of Paleolithic implements in Ipswich PDF The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 33 41 43 doi 10 2307 2842989 JSTOR 2842989 1904 Further Excavations on a Palaeolithic Site in Ipswich Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 34 306 310 doi 10 2307 2843104 JSTOR 2843104 1906 A winter s work on the Ipswich Palaeolithic site PDF Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 36 233 236 doi 10 2307 1193259 JSTOR 1193259 1907 An Anglo Saxon Cemetery in Ipswich Archaeologia 60 2 325 352 doi 10 1017 S0261340900005099 1922 Prehistoric cooking places in Norfolk PDF Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia 3 4 483 498 doi 10 1017 S0958841800024674 1925 Bronze Crowns and a Bronze Head dress from a Roman site at Cavenham Heath Suffolk The Antiquaries Journal 5 3 258 265 doi 10 1017 S0003581500006715 S2CID 163954071 Sources editS J Plunkett 1994 Nina Layard Hadleigh Road and Ipswich Museum 1905 1908 Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology 38 2 go to 164 166 167 192 S J Plunkett 1994 Guardians of the Gipping Anglo Saxon Treasures from Hadleigh Road Ipswich Ipswich Borough Council 1994 S J Plunkett 1995 Nina Layard and the Sub Crag committee of 1910 in A Longcroft and R Joby Eds East Anglian Studies Essays presented to J C Barringer Norwich Marwood 211 222 S J Plunkett 1997 Hamlet Watling 1818 1908 artist and antiquary Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology 39 48 75 S J Plunkett 1999 Nina Frances Layard Prehistorian 1835 1953 in W Davies and R Charles Eds Dorothy Garrod and the Progress of the Palaeolithic Studies in the palaeolithic archaeology of the Near East and Europe Oxford Oxbow 242 262 digitized ISBN 1 900188 87 2 M White and S J Plunkett 2005 Miss Layard Excavates a Palaeolithic site at Foxhall Road Ipswich 1903 1905 Western Academic and Specialist Press Liverpool ISBN 0 9535418 8 6 S J Plunkett Layard Nina Frances 1853 1935 poet and archaeologist Oxford Dictionary of National Biography External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nina Frances Layard nbsp Scholia has an author profile for Nina Frances Layard Works by Nina Frances Layard at Open Library Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nina Frances Layard amp oldid 1160023609, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.