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Nikolai Alexeevich Ostrovsky (Russian: Никола́й Алексе́евич Остро́вский; Ukrainian: Мико́ла Олексі́йович Остро́вський; 29 September 1904 – 22 December 1936) was a Sovietsocialist realist writer, of Ukrainian origin. He is best known for his novel How the Steel Was Tempered.
Ostrovsky was born in the village of Viliya (today a village in Rivne Raion (until 2020 it was situated in Ostroh Raion), Rivne Oblast) in the Volhynian Governorate (Volhynia),[citation needed] then part of the Russian Empire, into a Ukrainian working-class family. He attended a parochial school until he was nine and was an honor student. In 1914, his family moved to the railroad town of Shepetivka (today in Khmelnytskyi Oblast) where Ostrovsky started working in the kitchens at the railroad station, a timber yard, then becoming a stoker's mate and then an electrician at the local power station. In 1917, at the age of thirteen he became a Bolshevik party activist.[1] At the same period he developed ankylosing spondylitis, which would later blind and paralyze him.[1]
According to the official biography,[full citation needed] when the Germans occupied the town in the spring of 1918, Ostrovsky ran errands for the local Bolshevik underground. In July 1918 he joined the Komsomol and the Red Army in August. He served in the Kotovsky cavalry brigade. In 1920 he was reportedly wounded near Lviv and contracted typhus. He returned to the army only to be wounded again and was demobilized on medical grounds.
In 1921, he began working in railway workshops of Kiev as an electrician and as the secretary of the local Komsomol.
Having rheumatism and typhus, in August 1922 he was sent to Berdyansk, a resort on the Sea of Azov, for treatment. In October 1922 he was officially declared an invalid; however he continued working. In 1923 he was appointed Commissar of the Red Army's Second Training Battalion and Komsomol secretary for Berezdiv in western Ukraine. In January 1924 he went to Iziaslav as the head of Komsomol district committee and in August 1924 he joined the Communist Party. In 1925, with his health rapidly declining, he went to Kharkiv for medical treatment and in May 1926 he went to a sanatorium in the Crimea. By December 1926 polyarthritis deprived him of almost all mobility and he became virtually bedridden. In December 1927 Ostrovsky began a correspondence course at the Sverdlov Communist University in Moscow that he completed in June 1929. In August, he lost his vision.
Undaunted by his immobility and blindness, in 1930, he began work on his first novel, How the Steel Was Tempered, which became renowned and influential in the Communist world. He also wrote articles for newspapers and journals and spoke often on the radio. In April 1932 he became a member of the Moscow branch of the Association of Proletarian Writers and in June 1934 he joined the Union of Soviet Writers. On 1 October 1935, he was awarded the Order of Lenin.
After living for years with paralysis, illness and blindness due to congenital ankylosing spondylitis as well as complications from typhus, Ostrovsky died on 22 December 1936, aged 32. Because of his early death, he was unable to complete his second novel, Borns of the Storm, on the Russian Civil War.
LegacyEdit
Ostrovsky on a 1954 postage stamp
His novel How the Steel Was Tempered is considered one of the most influential works of Communist literature. In Moscow during the Communist period the Ostrovsky Museum and the Ostrovsky Humanitarian centre were built. They preserve his study and bedroom, while other exhibits include showcases of the achievements of disabled people like Nikolai Fenomenov and Ludmilla Rogova.[1]
There also was established by the Central Committee of Komsomol of Ukraine the Ostrovsky Republican Prize.
The dearest possession of any person is life. It is given only once, and it must not be lived only to feel tortured by regrets for wasted years or to know the burning shame of a mean and petty past; so live that when dying you have a right to say: all my life, all my strength was given to the finest cause in the world – the fight for the liberation of humankind.
ReferencesEdit
^ abcDan Richardson (2001). The rough guide to Moscow. Rough Guides. p. 135. ISBN1-85828-700-6.
^(in Ukrainian) Ostrovsky Street was decommunized in Rivne, Istorychna Pravda (19 November 2021)
^Kyiv City Council renamed the Ostrovsky Park in honor of the Ukrainian poet Zerov, Interfax-Ukraine (28 February 2020) (in Ukrainian)
^Olena Barsukova (1 December 2022). "A monument to the communist Ostrovsky was dismantled in Shepetivka". Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 December 2022.
SourcesEdit
Елена Толстая-Сегал, К литературному фону книги : 'Как закалялась сталь', Cahiers du Monde Russe Année 1981 22-4 pp. 375–399
Раиса Островская, Николай Островский, серия ЖЗЛ, Молодая гвардия, 1984
Евгений Бузни, Литературное досье Николая Островского
Entry in the Encyclopedia of Soviet Writers
Jurij Mycyk. Did the Author of Pavka Korchagin Take Part in the Civil War? (in Ukrainian)
Bohdan Dem′janchuk. How Ostrovsky Was Tempered (in Ukrainian)
Petro Kraljuk. The "Steel" Man from Shepetivka (in Ukrainian)
(in Russian)
The Nikolay Ostrovsky state museum - humanitarian center "Overcoming" at Google Cultural Institute
External linksEdit
Media related to Nikolai Ostrovsky at Wikimedia Commons
September 02, 2023
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian July 2018 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 2 866 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru Ostrovskij Nikolaj Alekseevich see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ru Ostrovskij Nikolaj Alekseevich to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Nikolai Alexeevich Ostrovsky Russian Nikola j Alekse evich Ostro vskij Ukrainian Miko la Oleksi jovich Ostro vskij 29 September 1904 22 December 1936 was a Soviet socialist realist writer of Ukrainian origin He is best known for his novel How the Steel Was Tempered Nikolai Alexeevich OstrovskyNikolai OstrovskyBorn 1904 09 29 29 September 1904Viliya Ostrozhsky Uyezd Volhynian Governorate Russian EmpireDied22 December 1936 1936 12 22 aged 32 Moscow Russian SFSR Soviet UnionResting placeNovodevichy Cemetery MoscowOccupationNovelist Chekist Communist Party memberLanguageRussian languageNationalityUkrainianAlma materSverdlov Communist UniversityGenreSocialist RealistNotable worksHow the Steel Was TemperedSpouseRaisa Porfyrivna nee Motsyuk Contents 1 Life 2 Legacy 3 Quotations 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksLife EditOstrovsky was born in the village of Viliya today a village in Rivne Raion until 2020 it was situated in Ostroh Raion Rivne Oblast in the Volhynian Governorate Volhynia citation needed then part of the Russian Empire into a Ukrainian working class family He attended a parochial school until he was nine and was an honor student In 1914 his family moved to the railroad town of Shepetivka today in Khmelnytskyi Oblast where Ostrovsky started working in the kitchens at the railroad station a timber yard then becoming a stoker s mate and then an electrician at the local power station In 1917 at the age of thirteen he became a Bolshevik party activist 1 At the same period he developed ankylosing spondylitis which would later blind and paralyze him 1 According to the official biography full citation needed when the Germans occupied the town in the spring of 1918 Ostrovsky ran errands for the local Bolshevik underground In July 1918 he joined the Komsomol and the Red Army in August He served in the Kotovsky cavalry brigade In 1920 he was reportedly wounded near Lviv and contracted typhus He returned to the army only to be wounded again and was demobilized on medical grounds In 1921 he began working in railway workshops of Kiev as an electrician and as the secretary of the local Komsomol Having rheumatism and typhus in August 1922 he was sent to Berdyansk a resort on the Sea of Azov for treatment In October 1922 he was officially declared an invalid however he continued working In 1923 he was appointed Commissar of the Red Army s Second Training Battalion and Komsomol secretary for Berezdiv in western Ukraine In January 1924 he went to Iziaslav as the head of Komsomol district committee and in August 1924 he joined the Communist Party In 1925 with his health rapidly declining he went to Kharkiv for medical treatment and in May 1926 he went to a sanatorium in the Crimea By December 1926 polyarthritis deprived him of almost all mobility and he became virtually bedridden In December 1927 Ostrovsky began a correspondence course at the Sverdlov Communist University in Moscow that he completed in June 1929 In August he lost his vision Undaunted by his immobility and blindness in 1930 he began work on his first novel How the Steel Was Tempered which became renowned and influential in the Communist world He also wrote articles for newspapers and journals and spoke often on the radio In April 1932 he became a member of the Moscow branch of the Association of Proletarian Writers and in June 1934 he joined the Union of Soviet Writers On 1 October 1935 he was awarded the Order of Lenin After living for years with paralysis illness and blindness due to congenital ankylosing spondylitis as well as complications from typhus Ostrovsky died on 22 December 1936 aged 32 Because of his early death he was unable to complete his second novel Borns of the Storm on the Russian Civil War Legacy Edit nbsp Ostrovsky on a 1954 postage stampHis novel How the Steel Was Tempered is considered one of the most influential works of Communist literature In Moscow during the Communist period the Ostrovsky Museum and the Ostrovsky Humanitarian centre were built They preserve his study and bedroom while other exhibits include showcases of the achievements of disabled people like Nikolai Fenomenov and Ludmilla Rogova 1 There also was established by the Central Committee of Komsomol of Ukraine the Ostrovsky Republican Prize The 2015 Ukrainian decommunization laws ban the use of Ostrovsky s name for the naming of public places 2 Hence Kyiv s Ostrovsky Park was renamed Mykola Zerov Park in 2020 3 A monument to Ostrovsky in Shepetivka was dismantled in December 2022 after the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy had removed it from its list of monumental art of local significance 4 Quotations EditThe dearest possession of any person is life It is given only once and it must not be lived only to feel tortured by regrets for wasted years or to know the burning shame of a mean and petty past so live that when dying you have a right to say all my life all my strength was given to the finest cause in the world the fight for the liberation of humankind References Edit a b c Dan Richardson 2001 The rough guide to Moscow Rough Guides p 135 ISBN 1 85828 700 6 in Ukrainian Ostrovsky Street was decommunized in Rivne Istorychna Pravda 19 November 2021 Kyiv City Council renamed the Ostrovsky Park in honor of the Ukrainian poet Zerov Interfax Ukraine 28 February 2020 in Ukrainian Olena Barsukova 1 December 2022 A monument to the communist Ostrovsky was dismantled in Shepetivka Ukrayinska Pravda in Ukrainian Retrieved 26 December 2022 Sources EditElena Tolstaya Segal K literaturnomu fonu knigi Kak zakalyalas stal Cahiers du Monde Russe Annee 1981 22 4 pp 375 399 Lev Anninskij Obruchennye s ideej O povesti Kak zakalyalas stal Nikolaya Ostrovskogo Raisa Ostrovskaya Nikolaj Ostrovskij seriya ZhZL Molodaya gvardiya 1984 Evgenij Buzni Literaturnoe dose Nikolaya Ostrovskogo Tamara Andronova Slishkom malo ostalos zhit Nikolaj Ostrovskij Biografiya M Gosudarstvennyj muzej Gumanitarnyj centr Preodolenie imeni N A Ostrovskogo 2014 Entry in the Encyclopedia of Soviet Writers Jurij Mycyk Did the Author of Pavka Korchagin Take Part in the Civil War in Ukrainian Bohdan Dem janchuk How Ostrovsky Was Tempered in Ukrainian Petro Kraljuk The Steel Man from Shepetivka in Ukrainian Svitlana Kabachynsjka Life Free from Shame in Russian The Nikolay Ostrovsky state museum humanitarian center Overcoming at Google Cultural InstituteExternal links Edit nbsp Media related to Nikolai Ostrovsky at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nikolai Ostrovsky amp oldid 1171127385, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
