Nikolay Ivanovich Bobrikov was born on January 15, 1839, and attended the 1st Cadet Corps. Upon graduation, he became a lieutenant and served in the Imperial Guards. After which he served in the Kazan military district and as divisional chief-of-staff in Novgorod. He became a colonel in 1869. A year later he was transferred to Saint Petersburg for special duties in the Imperial guard. This gave Bobrikov access to the Imperial court. In 1878 he became a major general.[citation needed]
Introducing of a special programme for dealing with cases common to the Empire and the Grand Duchy.
Adoption of the Russian language as the official language of the Senate, education and administration.
Bobrikov quickly became very unpopular and hated in Finland as he was an adamant supporter of the curtailing of the grand principality's extensive autonomy, which had in the late 1800s come into conflict with Russian ambitions of a unified and indivisible Russian state. In 1899, Nicholas II signed the "February Manifesto" which marks the beginning of the first "Years of Oppression" (sortovuodet) from the traditional Finnish perspective. In this manifesto the Tsar decreed that the Diet of the Estates of Finland could be overruled in legislation if it was in Russian imperial interests. Half a million Finns, considering the decree a coup against the Finnish constitution, signed a petition to Nicholas II requesting to revoke the manifesto. The Tsar didn't even receive the delegation bringing the petition.[1]
In 1900, Bobrikov issued orders that all correspondence between government offices was to be conducted in Russian and that education in the Russian language was to be increased in schools. The Finnish army was abolished in 1901, and Finnish conscripts could now be forced to serve with Russian troops anywhere in the Russian empire. To the first call-up in 1902, only 42% of the conscripts showed up. In 1905, conscription in Finland was abolished since Finns were seen as unreliable.[1] In 1903, Bobrikov was given dictatorial powers by the Tsar so that he could dismiss government officials and close newspapers.
On June 16, 1904, Bobrikov was assassinated by Eugen Schauman in Helsinki. Schauman shot Bobrikov three times and then himself twice. Schauman died instantly, while Bobrikov, mortally wounded, died at the hospital in the early hours of the following morning.[1] It was described as the following (Old Style dates):
On June 3, at 11:00 am, in the Senate building on the second floor staircase, an attempt was made on the life of the Finnish governor-general and commander of the troops, Adjutant-General N. I. Bobrikov; an official of the main school management in Finland and a former employee of the Senate, the son of a former senator, Yevgeny Shauman fired three shots at the governor-general. One bullet hit the neck is not dangerous, another contusil, hitting the order, the third - in the stomach. On giving first aid to a Russian doctor, the governor-general was moved home. Doctors recognized the need to produce an early operation. The wounded man took communion. After the abdomen, the bullet was removed. Many blood clots have been found; part of the small intestine wounded by the bullet was removed. The wounded man died quietly on the night of June 4th. The criminal shot himself on the spot.[This quote needs a citation]
^ abcdKauffman, George B.; Niinistö, Lauri (1998). "Chemistry and Politics: Edvard Immanuel Hjelt (1855–1921)". The Chemical Educator. 3 (5): 1–15. doi:10.1007/s00897980247a. S2CID 97163876.
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov.
Lavery, Jason Edward (2006). The history of Finland. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN978-0313328374.
Thaden, Edward, ed. (1981). Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland, 1855-1914. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN978-0691615295.
Polvinen, Tuomo (1995). Imperial borderland : Bobrikov and the attempted Russification of Finland, 1898-1904. London: Hurst & Co. ISBN978-1850652298.
nikolay, bobrikov, nikolay, ivanovich, bobrikov, russian, Никола, Ива, нович, Бо, бриков, january, january, 1839, petersburg, june, june, 1904, helsinki, grand, duchy, finland, russian, general, politician, governor, general, finland, finnish, military, distri. Nikolay Ivanovich Bobrikov Russian Nikola j Iva novich Bo brikov January 27 O S January 15 1839 in St Petersburg June 17 O S June 4 1904 in Helsinki Grand Duchy of Finland was a Russian general and politician 1 He was the Governor General of Finland and the Finnish Military District from August 29 O S 17 1898 until his death during the early reign of Emperor Nicholas II and was responsible for the Russification of Finland After appointment as the governor general he quickly became very unpopular and was assassinated by Eugen Schauman a Finnish nationalist born in Kharkiv Nikolay Ivanovich BobrikovNikola j Iva novich Bo brikovGeneral Nikolay Bobrikov c 1900Governor General of FinlandIn office 29 August O S 17 1898 17 June O S 4 1904MonarchNicholas IIPreceded byFrederick HeidenSucceeded byIvan ObolenskyPersonal detailsBornJanuary 27 O S 15 1839Strelna Peterhof Saint Petersburg Russian EmpireDiedJune 17 O S 4 1904 aged 65 Helsinki Grand Duchy of Finland Russian Empire now Helsinki in Finland Resting placeTrinity Lavra of St SergiusMilitary serviceAllegiance Russian EmpireBranch serviceRussian Imperial ArmyYears of service1858 1904RankGeneral of the InfantryCommandsFinnish Military DistrictBattles warsRusso Turkish WarAwardsSee below Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life 1 2 Governor General of Finland 1 3 Assassination 2 Honours and awards 2 1 Domestic 3 References 4 Further readingBiography EditEarly life Edit Nikolay Ivanovich Bobrikov was born on January 15 1839 and attended the 1st Cadet Corps Upon graduation he became a lieutenant and served in the Imperial Guards After which he served in the Kazan military district and as divisional chief of staff in Novgorod He became a colonel in 1869 A year later he was transferred to Saint Petersburg for special duties in the Imperial guard This gave Bobrikov access to the Imperial court In 1878 he became a major general citation needed Governor General of Finland Edit In 1898 Tsar Nicholas II appointed Bobrikov as the Governor General of Finland as well as the Finnish Military District Upon appointment he introduced a Russification programme into the Grand Duchy the 11 main points were Unification of the Finnish army Restricting the power of the Minister Secretary of the State Introducing of a special programme for dealing with cases common to the Empire and the Grand Duchy Adoption of the Russian language as the official language of the Senate education and administration Bobrikov quickly became very unpopular and hated in Finland as he was an adamant supporter of the curtailing of the grand principality s extensive autonomy which had in the late 1800s come into conflict with Russian ambitions of a unified and indivisible Russian state In 1899 Nicholas II signed the February Manifesto which marks the beginning of the first Years of Oppression sortovuodet from the traditional Finnish perspective In this manifesto the Tsar decreed that the Diet of the Estates of Finland could be overruled in legislation if it was in Russian imperial interests Half a million Finns considering the decree a coup against the Finnish constitution signed a petition to Nicholas II requesting to revoke the manifesto The Tsar didn t even receive the delegation bringing the petition 1 In 1900 Bobrikov issued orders that all correspondence between government offices was to be conducted in Russian and that education in the Russian language was to be increased in schools The Finnish army was abolished in 1901 and Finnish conscripts could now be forced to serve with Russian troops anywhere in the Russian empire To the first call up in 1902 only 42 of the conscripts showed up In 1905 conscription in Finland was abolished since Finns were seen as unreliable 1 In 1903 Bobrikov was given dictatorial powers by the Tsar so that he could dismiss government officials and close newspapers Assassination Edit Main article Assassination of Nikolay Bobrikov A drawing of the assassination by an unknown author Governor general Nikolay Bobrikov s casket at the Eastern Orthodox Uspenski Cathedral in Helsinki before being transported to St Petersburg On June 16 1904 Bobrikov was assassinated by Eugen Schauman in Helsinki Schauman shot Bobrikov three times and then himself twice Schauman died instantly while Bobrikov mortally wounded died at the hospital in the early hours of the following morning 1 It was described as the following Old Style dates On June 3 at 11 00 am in the Senate building on the second floor staircase an attempt was made on the life of the Finnish governor general and commander of the troops Adjutant General N I Bobrikov an official of the main school management in Finland and a former employee of the Senate the son of a former senator Yevgeny Shauman fired three shots at the governor general One bullet hit the neck is not dangerous another contusil hitting the order the third in the stomach On giving first aid to a Russian doctor the governor general was moved home Doctors recognized the need to produce an early operation The wounded man took communion After the abdomen the bullet was removed Many blood clots have been found part of the small intestine wounded by the bullet was removed The wounded man died quietly on the night of June 4th The criminal shot himself on the spot This quote needs a citation Honours and awards EditDomestic Edit Order of St Anna 3rd class 14 4 1865 Order of St Stanislaus 2nd class Order of St Anna 2nd class with Imperial Crown 17 11 1869 Imperial Crown on 30 8 1873 Order of St Vladimir 4th class 30 8 1871 Order of St Vladimir 3rd class 30 8 1875 Order of St Stanislaus 1st class 30 8 1878 Order of St Anna 1st class 30 8 1880 Order of St Vladimir 2nd class 15 5 1883 Order of the White Eagle 30 8 1887 Order of St Alexander Nevsky with diamonds signs 30 8 1891 diamond sign on 14 5 1896 Order of St Vladimir 1st class 1 1 1902 References Edit a b c d Kauffman George B Niinisto Lauri 1998 Chemistry and Politics Edvard Immanuel Hjelt 1855 1921 The Chemical Educator 3 5 1 15 doi 10 1007 s00897980247a S2CID 97163876 Further reading Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov Lavery Jason Edward 2006 The history of Finland Westport Conn Greenwood Press ISBN 978 0313328374 Thaden Edward ed 1981 Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland 1855 1914 Princeton N J Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0691615295 Polvinen Tuomo 1995 Imperial borderland Bobrikov and the attempted Russification of Finland 1898 1904 London Hurst amp Co ISBN 978 1850652298 Political officesPreceded byFrederick Heiden Governor General of Finland1898 1904 Succeeded byIvan Mikhailovich Obolensky Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nikolay Bobrikov amp oldid 1138336923, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
