Mushanov studied and worked in law before embarking on a career in politics.[1] He was first elected to the Sabranie in 1902.[2]
After a career as a minister in a number of governments, Mushanov came to power on 12 October 1931 following the decision of Aleksandar Malinov to step down due to ill health.[3] His greatest policy success came in 1932 when he managed to bring an end to the war reparations that Bulgaria had been forced to pay.[4] Despite this, the economy remained in a poor state, whilst his policy aims of working with Kemal Atatürk towards reconciliation with Turkey also upset the right.[citation needed] Like most of his contemporaries Mushanov also faced the problem of dealing with the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and followed the practice of his predecessors of opposing the group's activity, despite personally having some sympathy with their aims.[5] Alongside this, the government was marked by internal political difficulties, notably with the governing Democratic Union splitting during his premiership and the government having to be reformed on different lines.[6] As a result, he was overthrown in a military coup on 19 May 1934 by the militaristic Zveno movement.[7]
During the waredit
During the Second World War Mushanov became known as a supporter of the Jews against the Holocaust.[8] Mushanov however rejected the chance to join the resistance as he felt it was dominated by communists and instead chose to remain within the Sobranie as one of the few members of the official opposition.[9] Nonetheless, despite his distaste for domestic communists, Mushanov maintained regular contact with diplomats from the Soviet Union throughout the war.[2]
Retaining his parliamentary seat, Mushanov was active in speaking out against the promulgation of anti-Semitic laws in Bulgaria.[10] As a consequence Mushanov enjoyed a strong reputation with the Allies and during negotiations between Bulgaria and the Western powers in 1944 one of their conditions for accepting Bulgarian surrender was that Mushanov should take a leading role in the cabinet.[11] He was a Minister Without Portfolio in Konstantin Muraviev's short-lived government of September 1944 although he left office following the Fatherland Front coup.[12] Infrequent contact between Mushanov and leaders of the Front had existed between 1942 and 1943 although the negotiations had come to nothing, with Mushanov retaining a personal loyalty to the Tsar, and by this point there was no relationship.[13]
Later yearsedit
In the reprisals that followed the establishment of communism in Bulgaria, Mushanov was, along with the rest of the Muraviev cabinet, spared death but imprisoned.[14] Mushanov attempted to convince the new Bulgarian Communist Party government to re-establish democracy in the country, although his efforts proved in vain.[citation needed]
Referencesedit
^Frederick B. Chary, The History of Bulgaria, ABC-CLIO, 2011, p. 183
^ abMarshall Lee Miller, Bulgaria During the Second World War, Stanford University Press, 1975, p. 205
^Martin Miller-Yianni, Bulgarian History - A Concise Account, 2010, p. 33
^Marina Cattaruzza, Stefan Dyroff, Dieter Langewiesche, Territorial Revisionism And The Allies Of Germany In The Second World War: Goals, Expectations, Practices, Berghahn Books, 2012, p. 166
^S.G. Evans, A Short History of Bulgaria, London, Lawrence and Wishart, 1960, p. 171
^Spas Raĭkin, Rebel with a Just Cause: A Political Journey Against the Winds of the 20th Century, Pensoft Publishers, 2001, p. 192
nikola, mushanov, nikola, stoykov, mushanov, bulgarian, Никола, Стойков, Мушанов, april, 1872, dryanovo, 1951, bulgarian, liberal, politician, served, prime, minister, leader, democratic, party, later, became, noted, vigorous, opposition, growth, anti, semitis. Nikola Stoykov Mushanov Bulgarian Nikola Stojkov Mushanov 12 April 1872 in Dryanovo 10 May 1951 was a Bulgarian liberal politician who served as Prime Minister and leader of the Democratic Party He later became noted for vigorous opposition to the growth of anti Semitism in the country during the Second World War Nikola MushanovNikola Mushanov23rd Prime Minister of BulgariaIn office 12 October 1931 19 May 1934MonarchBoris IIIPreceded byAleksandar MalinovSucceeded byKimon GeorgievPersonal detailsBorn12 April 1872Dryanovo Ottoman EmpireDied10 May 1951 1951 05 10 aged 79 Sofia Bulgaria Contents 1 Prime Minister 2 During the war 3 Later years 4 References 5 External linksPrime Minister editMushanov studied and worked in law before embarking on a career in politics 1 He was first elected to the Sabranie in 1902 2 After a career as a minister in a number of governments Mushanov came to power on 12 October 1931 following the decision of Aleksandar Malinov to step down due to ill health 3 His greatest policy success came in 1932 when he managed to bring an end to the war reparations that Bulgaria had been forced to pay 4 Despite this the economy remained in a poor state whilst his policy aims of working with Kemal Ataturk towards reconciliation with Turkey also upset the right citation needed Like most of his contemporaries Mushanov also faced the problem of dealing with the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and followed the practice of his predecessors of opposing the group s activity despite personally having some sympathy with their aims 5 Alongside this the government was marked by internal political difficulties notably with the governing Democratic Union splitting during his premiership and the government having to be reformed on different lines 6 As a result he was overthrown in a military coup on 19 May 1934 by the militaristic Zveno movement 7 During the war editDuring the Second World War Mushanov became known as a supporter of the Jews against the Holocaust 8 Mushanov however rejected the chance to join the resistance as he felt it was dominated by communists and instead chose to remain within the Sobranie as one of the few members of the official opposition 9 Nonetheless despite his distaste for domestic communists Mushanov maintained regular contact with diplomats from the Soviet Union throughout the war 2 Retaining his parliamentary seat Mushanov was active in speaking out against the promulgation of anti Semitic laws in Bulgaria 10 As a consequence Mushanov enjoyed a strong reputation with the Allies and during negotiations between Bulgaria and the Western powers in 1944 one of their conditions for accepting Bulgarian surrender was that Mushanov should take a leading role in the cabinet 11 He was a Minister Without Portfolio in Konstantin Muraviev s short lived government of September 1944 although he left office following the Fatherland Front coup 12 Infrequent contact between Mushanov and leaders of the Front had existed between 1942 and 1943 although the negotiations had come to nothing with Mushanov retaining a personal loyalty to the Tsar and by this point there was no relationship 13 Later years editIn the reprisals that followed the establishment of communism in Bulgaria Mushanov was along with the rest of the Muraviev cabinet spared death but imprisoned 14 Mushanov attempted to convince the new Bulgarian Communist Party government to re establish democracy in the country although his efforts proved in vain citation needed References edit Frederick B Chary The History of Bulgaria ABC CLIO 2011 p 183 a b Marshall Lee Miller Bulgaria During the Second World War Stanford University Press 1975 p 205 Chary The History of Bulgaria p 72 Martin Miller Yianni Bulgarian History A Concise Account 2010 p 33 Marina Cattaruzza Stefan Dyroff Dieter Langewiesche Territorial Revisionism And The Allies Of Germany In The Second World War Goals Expectations Practices Berghahn Books 2012 p 166 S G Evans A Short History of Bulgaria London Lawrence and Wishart 1960 p 171 Spas Raĭkin Rebel with a Just Cause A Political Journey Against the Winds of the 20th Century Pensoft Publishers 2001 p 192 Beatriz Rosanes Samuilov Salvation of the Bulgarian Jews during the last world war archived version Chary The History of Bulgaria p 102 Frederick B Chary The Bulgarian Jews and the Final Solution 1940 1944 University of Pittsburgh Press 1972 p 40 Chary The Bulgarian Jews and the Final Solution p 174 Chary The Bulgarian Jews and the Final Solution p 218 Miller Bulgaria During the Second World War p 161 Sabrina P Ramet Eastern Europe Politics Culture and Society Since 1939 Indiana University Press 1998 p 228External links editCommemoration of Mushanov by Liberal International Quid BulgariaPolitical officesPreceded byAleksandar Malinov Prime Minister of Bulgaria1931 1934 Succeeded byKimon Georgiev Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nikola Mushanov amp oldid 1114356016, wikipedia, wiki, 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