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Nieuport IV

January 26, 2023

The Nieuport IV was a French-built sporting, training and reconnaissance monoplane of the early 1910s.

Nieuport IV
Nieuport IV.G of the Air Battalion Royal Engineers
Role Sporting and military monoplane
National origin France
Manufacturer Nieuport
First flight 1911
Introduction 1911
Status retired
Primary users Imperial Russian Air Service
Aéronautique Militaire
Corpo Aeronautico Militare
Produced 1911–1915
Developed from Nieuport III
Variants Nieuport VI
Replica at Nizhny Novgorod of the Nieuport IV.G in which Nesterov performed the first loop in an aircraft
Claude Grahame-White's Nieuport IV circa 1912. This aircraft later served with the Royal Flying Corps.
Emmanouel Argyropoulos and Nieuport IV.G Alkyon in which he made the first flight in Greece.

Design and development

Societe Anonyme des Etablissements Nieuport was formed in 1909 by Édouard Nieuport. The Nieuport IV was a development of the single-seat Nieuport II and two seat Nieuport III.A. It was initially designed as a two-seat sporting and racing monoplane, but was also bought by the air forces of several countries. It was initially powered by a 50 hp (37 kW) Gnome Omega rotary engine, which was later replaced by more powerful rotaries.[1]

Operational history

The first Nieuport IVs were built in 1911 and production continued well into World War I in Russia.[2] The design was adopted in small numbers by most air arms of the period, although the Imperial Russian Air Service was the largest user.

The IV.G was one of the principal aircraft used by the Imperial Russian Air Service during its formative years, with roughly 300 being produced locally by the Russo-Baltic Wagon Works and Shchetinin in St. Petersburg, and the Dux Factory in Moscow.[3] Lt. Pyotr Nesterov performed the first ever loop, over Kiev in a model IV.G on 27 August 1913 for which he was placed under arrest for 10 days for "undue risk to government property" until the feat was repeated in France and he was promoted and awarded a medal.[4]

The French government equipped a single squadron with Nieuport IV.Ms, Escadrille N12 initially based at Reims, having purchased at least 10. This unit continued to operate Nieuport monoplanes after the start of World War I, slowly replacing them with other types as attrition reduced their numbers.[5]

The Swedish Air Force was presented with a IV.G in 1912 by four individuals, becoming one of the first aircraft of that force,[1] which was later joined by a second IV.G in 1913, and a IV.H transferred from the Swedish Navy.[6]

The Japanese Army operated one IV.G and one IV.M, which were designated as Army Nieuport NG2 aeroplane and Army Nieuport NM aeroplane respectively,[7] with the NG being flown in the Tsingtao campaign in September and October 1914 alongside four Maurice Farman MF.11s.[8]

One of the first batch of aircraft purchased by the British Army's Air Battalion Royal Engineers (the precursor to the Royal Flying Corps) was a Nieuport IV.G and serialed B4. Additional IV.G monoplanes were purchased from private individuals including one from Claude Grahame-White and another from Charles Rumney Samson, plus three others.[9][10] The Nieuport IVs were in service when the RFC carried out an investigation into monoplane crashes, and while the report covered an accident involving a Nieuport IV, it was the result of improper maintenance resulting in an engine failure, and not a structural failure such as with the Bristol monoplane and Deperdussin monoplane whose structural deficiencies led to the Monoplane Ban.[11]

Argentina purchased a single IV.G named la Argentina which served with the Escuela de Aviation Militaire.[12]

In Greece a IV.G was bought privately and named Alkyon and after being the first aircraft to fly in Greece, was resold to the government which used it during the First Balkan War in 1912, flying from Larissa.[12]

Siam purchased 4 IV.Gs which were used as trainers at Don Muang airfield.[13]

Spain purchased one IV.G and 4 IV.Ms which were used by the Escuala Nieuport de Peu for training before 3 were transferred to an operational Escuela at Tetuán which then moved to Zezulan, remaining operational until 1917.[6]

Italy's 1st Flottiglia Aeroplani of Tripoli operated several Nieuport IV.Gs during the Italo-Turkish War, one of which became the first aeroplane to be used in combat when it flew a reconnaissance mission against Turkish forces on 23 October 1911.[14] It narrowly missed out to a Bleriot XI with the same unit for the honor of being the first aircraft to drop a bomb on enemy forces. The pilot who carried out the first mission Capt. Maizo, became one of the first victims of anti-aircraft fire, when he was shot down by an Austrian cannon weeks before the war ended in 1912.[14]

Variants

IV
generic base designation (specific aircraft always had an applicable suffix letter)
IV.G
Gnome basic sport/racing model with various sizes of Gnome rotary from 50 to 100 hp (37 to 75 kW)
IV.H
Hydro floatplane fitted with two main floats and a tail float – used extensively for competition with engines of up to 200 hp.
IV.M
enlarged Military observation variant with various Gnome rotaries from 70 to 100 hp (52 to 75 kW) – designed to be readily assembled and disassembled for transport by truck.

Surviving aircraft

 
Nieuport IVG in the Swedish Flygvapenmuseum.

The Swedish Air Force maintained their first model IV in airworthy condition until 1965.[15] This aircraft is now preserved in the Flygvapenmuseum at Malmen near Linköping.[16] The Museo del Aire at Cuatro Vientos near Madrid has a full-scale replica of one of their model IVs.[17]

Operators

Military

  Argentina
  France
  Greece
  Kingdom of Italy
  Japan
  Ottoman Empire
  Romania
  Russia
  Siam
  Spain
  Sweden
  United Kingdom

Specifications (IVM)

 
Nieuport IV.G drawing

Data from Aviafrance

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Capacity: 1 passenger
  • Length: 8.2 m (26 ft 11 in)
  • Wingspan: 12.1 m (39 ft 8 in)
  • Wing area: 22.0 m2 (237 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 483 kg (1,065 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Gnome rotary piston, 75 kW (100 hp)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 120 km/h (75 mph, 65 kn)
  • Time to altitude: 12 minutes 40 seconds to 500m

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes

  1. ^ a b Green, 1965, p.347
  2. ^ Sanger, 2002, p.109-111
  3. ^ Davilla, 1997 p.351
  4. ^ Durkota, 1997, pp.201–204
  5. ^ Sanger, 2002, p.77
  6. ^ a b Sanger, 2002, p.157
  7. ^ "Brief history of the Nieuport monoplane". Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  8. ^ Francillon, 1979, p.48
  9. ^ Sanger, 2002, p.93-95
  10. ^ Robertson, 1979, p.18
  11. ^ Spooner, Stanley, ed. (1913). "Army Monoplanes Report". Flight Magazine. Vol. 5, no. 215. pp. 154–158.
  12. ^ a b c Sanger, 2002, p.154
  13. ^ Sanger, 2002, p.156
  14. ^ a b Sanger, 2002, p.131
  15. ^ Green, 1965 p.346
  16. ^ Ogden, 2006, p.484
  17. ^ Ogden, 2006, p.470
  18. ^ "Nieuport Monoplane WW I Period TUAF Aircraft 1 nci dunya savasi dönemi Turk HvKK Ucaklari". tayyareci.com.
  19. ^ Dan Antoniu (2014). Illustrated History of Romanian Aeronautics. p. 31. ISBN 978-9730172096.

References

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nieuport IV.
  • Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur M. (1997). French Aircraft of the First World War. Stratford, CT: Flying Machines Press. ISBN 978-0-9637110-4-5.
  • Durkota, Alan; Darcey, Thomas; Kulikov, Victor (1995). The Imperial Russian Air Service — Famous Pilots and Aircraft of World War I. Mountain View, CA: Flying Machines Press. pp. 201–204. ISBN 978-0-9637110-2-1.
  • Francillon, René J. (1979). Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam. ISBN 978-0370302515.
  • Green, William (1965). The Aircraft of the World. Macdonald & Co (Publishers) Ltd.
  • Ogden, Bob (2006). Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe. Air-Britain (Historian) Ltd. ISBN 978-0-85130-375-8.
  • Pommier, Gerard (2002). Nieuport 1875–1911 — A biography of Edouard Nieuport. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-1624-1.
  • Robertson, Bruce (1979). British Military Aircraft Serials 1911–1979. Cambridge: Patrick Stevens. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-85059-360-0.
  • Rozendaal, John (31 August 1912). "Der Nieuport-Eindekker (part 1)". Zeitschrift für Flugtechnik und Motorluftschiffahrt (in German). 3 (16): 211–213.
  • Rozendaal, John (14 December 1912). "Der Nieuport-Eindekker (part 2)". Zeitschrift für Flugtechnik und Motorluftschiffahrt (in German). 3 (23): 300–303.
  • Sanger, Ray (2002). Nieuport Aircraft of World War One. Wiltshire: Crowood Press. ISBN 978-1-86126-447-3.

Further reading

  • Hartmann, Gérard. "Le grand concours d'aviation militaire de Reims 1911" [The Reims Military Aviation Competition, 1911] (PDF). Dossiers historiques et techniques aéronautique française (in French). Gérard Hartmann. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  • Moulin, Jean (October 2004). "Reims 1911, le premier concours d'appareils militaires au monde!" [Reims 1911, the First Military Aircraft Concours in the World!]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (139): 51–58. ISSN 1243-8650.
  • Opdycke, Leonard E. (1999). French Aeroplanes before the Great War. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 0-7643-0752-5.

January 26, 2023
nieuport, french, built, sporting, training, reconnaissance, monoplane, early, 1910s, battalion, royal, engineersrole, sporting, military, monoplanenational, origin, francemanufacturer, nieuportfirst, flight, 1911introduction, 1911status, retiredprimary, users. The Nieuport IV was a French built sporting training and reconnaissance monoplane of the early 1910s Nieuport IVNieuport IV G of the Air Battalion Royal EngineersRole Sporting and military monoplaneNational origin FranceManufacturer NieuportFirst flight 1911Introduction 1911Status retiredPrimary users Imperial Russian Air ServiceAeronautique MilitaireCorpo Aeronautico MilitareProduced 1911 1915Developed from Nieuport IIIVariants Nieuport VIReplica at Nizhny Novgorod of the Nieuport IV G in which Nesterov performed the first loop in an aircraft Claude Grahame White s Nieuport IV circa 1912 This aircraft later served with the Royal Flying Corps Emmanouel Argyropoulos and Nieuport IV G Alkyon in which he made the first flight in Greece Contents 1 Design and development 2 Operational history 3 Variants 4 Surviving aircraft 5 Operators 5 1 Military 6 Specifications IVM 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 Further readingDesign and development EditSociete Anonyme des Etablissements Nieuport was formed in 1909 by Edouard Nieuport The Nieuport IV was a development of the single seat Nieuport II and two seat Nieuport III A It was initially designed as a two seat sporting and racing monoplane but was also bought by the air forces of several countries It was initially powered by a 50 hp 37 kW Gnome Omega rotary engine which was later replaced by more powerful rotaries 1 Operational history EditThe first Nieuport IVs were built in 1911 and production continued well into World War I in Russia 2 The design was adopted in small numbers by most air arms of the period although the Imperial Russian Air Service was the largest user The IV G was one of the principal aircraft used by the Imperial Russian Air Service during its formative years with roughly 300 being produced locally by the Russo Baltic Wagon Works and Shchetinin in St Petersburg and the Dux Factory in Moscow 3 Lt Pyotr Nesterov performed the first ever loop over Kiev in a model IV G on 27 August 1913 for which he was placed under arrest for 10 days for undue risk to government property until the feat was repeated in France and he was promoted and awarded a medal 4 The French government equipped a single squadron with Nieuport IV Ms Escadrille N12 initially based at Reims having purchased at least 10 This unit continued to operate Nieuport monoplanes after the start of World War I slowly replacing them with other types as attrition reduced their numbers 5 The Swedish Air Force was presented with a IV G in 1912 by four individuals becoming one of the first aircraft of that force 1 which was later joined by a second IV G in 1913 and a IV H transferred from the Swedish Navy 6 The Japanese Army operated one IV G and one IV M which were designated as Army Nieuport NG2 aeroplane and Army Nieuport NM aeroplane respectively 7 with the NG being flown in the Tsingtao campaign in September and October 1914 alongside four Maurice Farman MF 11s 8 One of the first batch of aircraft purchased by the British Army s Air Battalion Royal Engineers the precursor to the Royal Flying Corps was a Nieuport IV G and serialed B4 Additional IV G monoplanes were purchased from private individuals including one from Claude Grahame White and another from Charles Rumney Samson plus three others 9 10 The Nieuport IVs were in service when the RFC carried out an investigation into monoplane crashes and while the report covered an accident involving a Nieuport IV it was the result of improper maintenance resulting in an engine failure and not a structural failure such as with the Bristol monoplane and Deperdussin monoplane whose structural deficiencies led to the Monoplane Ban 11 Argentina purchased a single IV G named la Argentina which served with the Escuela de Aviation Militaire 12 In Greece a IV G was bought privately and named Alkyon and after being the first aircraft to fly in Greece was resold to the government which used it during the First Balkan War in 1912 flying from Larissa 12 Siam purchased 4 IV Gs which were used as trainers at Don Muang airfield 13 Spain purchased one IV G and 4 IV Ms which were used by the Escuala Nieuport de Peu for training before 3 were transferred to an operational Escuela at Tetuan which then moved to Zezulan remaining operational until 1917 6 Italy s 1st Flottiglia Aeroplani of Tripoli operated several Nieuport IV Gs during the Italo Turkish War one of which became the first aeroplane to be used in combat when it flew a reconnaissance mission against Turkish forces on 23 October 1911 14 It narrowly missed out to a Bleriot XI with the same unit for the honor of being the first aircraft to drop a bomb on enemy forces The pilot who carried out the first mission Capt Maizo became one of the first victims of anti aircraft fire when he was shot down by an Austrian cannon weeks before the war ended in 1912 14 Variants EditIV generic base designation specific aircraft always had an applicable suffix letter IV G Gnome basic sport racing model with various sizes of Gnome rotary from 50 to 100 hp 37 to 75 kW IV H Hydro floatplane fitted with two main floats and a tail float used extensively for competition with engines of up to 200 hp IV M enlarged Military observation variant with various Gnome rotaries from 70 to 100 hp 52 to 75 kW designed to be readily assembled and disassembled for transport by truck Surviving aircraft Edit Nieuport IVG in the Swedish Flygvapenmuseum The Swedish Air Force maintained their first model IV in airworthy condition until 1965 15 This aircraft is now preserved in the Flygvapenmuseum at Malmen near Linkoping 16 The Museo del Aire at Cuatro Vientos near Madrid has a full scale replica of one of their model IVs 17 Operators EditMilitary Edit ArgentinaArgentine Army Aviation FranceAeronautique Militaire GreeceHellenic Air Force 12 Kingdom of ItalyCorpo Aeronautico Militare JapanImperial Japanese Army Ottoman EmpireOttoman Aviation Squadrons 18 RomaniaRomanian Air Corps 19 RussiaImperial Russian Air Service SiamRoyal Siamese Aeronautical Service SpainSpanish Air Force SwedenSwedish Army Aviation Corps Swedish Navy Aviation Corps United KingdomAir Battalion Royal Engineers Royal Flying CorpsSpecifications IVM Edit Nieuport IV G drawing Data from AviafranceGeneral characteristicsCrew 1 Capacity 1 passenger Length 8 2 m 26 ft 11 in Wingspan 12 1 m 39 ft 8 in Wing area 22 0 m2 237 sq ft Empty weight 483 kg 1 065 lb Powerplant 1 Gnome rotary piston 75 kW 100 hp Propellers 2 bladedPerformance Maximum speed 120 km h 75 mph 65 kn Time to altitude 12 minutes 40 seconds to 500mSee also EditAircraft of comparable role configuration and era Bleriot XI Bristol Coanda Monoplanes Deperdussin TT Etrich Taube Gabardini monoplane Hanriot D I LVG E I developed copy of Nieuport IV Morane Saulnier G REP Type NRelated lists List of military aircraft of the Entente Powers in World War INotes Edit a b Green 1965 p 347 Sanger 2002 p 109 111 Davilla 1997 p 351 Durkota 1997 pp 201 204 Sanger 2002 p 77 a b Sanger 2002 p 157 Brief history of the Nieuport monoplane Retrieved September 30 2017 Francillon 1979 p 48 Sanger 2002 p 93 95 Robertson 1979 p 18 Spooner Stanley ed 1913 Army Monoplanes Report Flight Magazine Vol 5 no 215 pp 154 158 a b c Sanger 2002 p 154 Sanger 2002 p 156 a b Sanger 2002 p 131 Green 1965 p 346 Ogden 2006 p 484 Ogden 2006 p 470 Nieuport Monoplane WW I Period TUAF Aircraft 1 nci dunya savasi donemi Turk HvKK Ucaklari tayyareci com Dan Antoniu 2014 Illustrated History of Romanian Aeronautics p 31 ISBN 978 9730172096 References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nieuport IV Davilla Dr James J Soltan Arthur M 1997 French Aircraft of the First World War Stratford CT Flying Machines Press ISBN 978 0 9637110 4 5 Durkota Alan Darcey Thomas Kulikov Victor 1995 The Imperial Russian Air Service Famous Pilots and Aircraft of World War I Mountain View CA Flying Machines Press pp 201 204 ISBN 978 0 9637110 2 1 Francillon Rene J 1979 Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War London Putnam ISBN 978 0370302515 Green William 1965 The Aircraft of the World Macdonald amp Co Publishers Ltd Ogden Bob 2006 Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe Air Britain Historian Ltd ISBN 978 0 85130 375 8 Pommier Gerard 2002 Nieuport 1875 1911 A biography of Edouard Nieuport Atglen PA Schiffer Publishing ISBN 978 0 7643 1624 1 Robertson Bruce 1979 British Military Aircraft Serials 1911 1979 Cambridge Patrick Stevens p 18 ISBN 978 0 85059 360 0 Rozendaal John 31 August 1912 Der Nieuport Eindekker part 1 Zeitschrift fur Flugtechnik und Motorluftschiffahrt in German 3 16 211 213 Rozendaal John 14 December 1912 Der Nieuport Eindekker part 2 Zeitschrift fur Flugtechnik und Motorluftschiffahrt in German 3 23 300 303 Sanger Ray 2002 Nieuport Aircraft of World War One Wiltshire Crowood Press ISBN 978 1 86126 447 3 Further reading EditHartmann Gerard Le grand concours d aviation militaire de Reims 1911 The Reims Military Aviation Competition 1911 PDF Dossiers historiques et techniques aeronautique francaise in French Gerard Hartmann Retrieved 11 September 2022 Moulin Jean October 2004 Reims 1911 le premier concours d appareils militaires au monde Reims 1911 the First Military Aircraft Concours in the World Avions Toute l aeronautique et son histoire in French 139 51 58 ISSN 1243 8650 Opdycke Leonard E 1999 French Aeroplanes before the Great War Atglen Pennsylvania Schiffer Publishing ISBN 0 7643 0752 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nieuport IV amp oldid 1123930866, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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