The Nieuport 14 (or Nieuport XIV A.2 in contemporary sources) was a military reconnaissance sesquiplane produced in France during the First World War. The French Army deployed it in 1916 but the type was quickly withdrawn from front-line service.[1]
Developed in response to an order by the Aéronautique Militaire in the summer of 1915 for a two-seat reconnaissance machine capable of making a flight of 180 km (110 mi) and back while carrying a load of bombs.[2] Nieuport started with the Nieuport 12 reconnaissance aircraft, but stretched its fuselage to balance the single nose-mounted Hispano-Suiza V-8 engine and its wingspan was increased by the addition of an additional bay.[2][3] Protracted development that saw some refinement in the engine installation and the wing area increased from 28 m2 (300 sq ft) square meters to 30 m2 (320 sq ft) resulted in it entering service only in mid 1916.
Further development, with a larger engine and a further enlarged and airframe would result in the Nieuport 15.
Three additional unrelated airframes that some sources have connected to the Nieuport 14 were built, all featuring a nose radiator, single bay wings and a deep hunchback fuselage. One had large wing cut-outs to improve visibility and was fitted with a 180 hp (130 kW) Lorraine-Dietrich 8A engine, another with a 150 hp (110 kW) Hispano-Suiza engine, and a third with a 220 hp (160 kW) Hispano-Suiza engine and a crescent-shaped wing.[3]
With its failure as a combat aircraft, a dedicated trainer variant was developed, the Nieuport 14 École with dual controls, nosewheels to guard against nose-over accidents, and an 80 hp (60 kW) Le Rhone 9C rotary engine in the place of the original V-8.[3] It is possible that some of these airframes had been left over from the original production.[3] When further refined, the trainer version was redesignated the Nieuport 82 E.2 and was nicknamed Grosse Julie ("Big Julie").[3]
Operational historyedit
Deliveries to reconnaissance squadrons commenced in late 1916, replacing obsolete Voisin III and V types. However, changing priorities resulted in production being curtailed as the Hispano-Suiza engines were desperately needed for SPAD VII fighters, and several units including Escadrille 102 and 103 that had planned on operating the Nieuport 14 became fighter units instead, operating the Nieuport 17.[4]
With production halted prematurely,[2] the remaining machines were relegated to training duties and as unit hacks once improvements had been made to their side-mounted Hazet radiators that had been the source of some problems.[5] While the Nieuport 14 only saw service in France, the Nieuport 82 served more widely. Aside from flight schools in France, Brazil operated 9 Nieuport 82s from 1919 to 1924, and Japan operated a small number, with at least one acquiring the civil registration J-TOXC. The first Native American and African-American female aviator Bessie Coleman did some of her training in a Nieuport 82 in France.[6]
Variantsedit
Nieuport 14 A.2 - service designation of prototype reconnaissance aircraft with 140 hp (100 kW) engine.
Nieuport 14bis A.2 - designation of production reconnaissance aircraft with 175 hp (130 kW) engine.
Nieuport 14 E.2 - initial service designation of trainer.
Nieuport 82 E.2 - purpose-built trainer version with 80 hp (60 kW) rotary engine.
^ abcHartmann, Gérard (2006). "Les Nieuport de la guerre" (PDF). La Coupe Schneider et hydravions anciens/Dossiers historiques hydravions et moteurs. p. 12. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
^Pollard, Justin (26 June 2019). "The eccentric engineer: the highs and lows of Bessie Coleman, America's first black female pilot". Retrieved 6 August 2019.
^Denis, Albin (March 2019). "Escadrille MF 62 - N 62 - SPA 62" (in French). Retrieved 6 August 2019.
^Denis, Albin (March 2019). "Escadrille N 69 - SPA 69" (in French). Retrieved 6 August 2019.
^Denis, Albin (March 2019). "Escadrille V 29 - VB 112 - N 112 - SPA 112" (in French). Retrieved 6 August 2019.
^Denis, Albin (March 2019). "Section aertillerie lourde V 210 - Section artillerie lourde F 210 F 210 - R 210 - C 210 - BR 210" (in French). Retrieved 6 August 2019.
Bruce, J.M. (1988). Nieuport Aircraft of World War One - Vintage Warbirds No 10. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN0-85368-934-2.
Hartmann, Gérard (6 January 2015). "Les héliciers français" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 5 August 2019.
Sanger, Ray (2002). Nieuport Aircraft of World War One. Wiltshire: Crowood Press. ISBN978-1861264473.
Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur (1997). French Aircraft of the First World War. Mountain View, CA: Flying Machines Press. ISBN978-1891268090.
Pommier, Gerard (2002). Nieuport 1875-1911 — A biography of Edouard Nieuport. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN978-0764316241.
Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions.
January 01, 1970
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The Nieuport 14 or Nieuport XIV A 2 in contemporary sources was a military reconnaissance sesquiplane produced in France during the First World War The French Army deployed it in 1916 but the type was quickly withdrawn from front line service 1 Nieuport 14 A 2 Role Reconnaissance aircraft National origin France Manufacturer Nieuport First flight September 1915 Introduction 1916 Status retired Primary user Aeronautique Militaire Number built 100 Nieuport 14 Contents 1 Development 2 Operational history 3 Variants 4 Operators 5 Specifications 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Citations 7 2 BibliographyDevelopment editDeveloped in response to an order by the Aeronautique Militaire in the summer of 1915 for a two seat reconnaissance machine capable of making a flight of 180 km 110 mi and back while carrying a load of bombs 2 Nieuport started with the Nieuport 12 reconnaissance aircraft but stretched its fuselage to balance the single nose mounted Hispano Suiza V 8 engine and its wingspan was increased by the addition of an additional bay 2 3 Protracted development that saw some refinement in the engine installation and the wing area increased from 28 m2 300 sq ft square meters to 30 m2 320 sq ft resulted in it entering service only in mid 1916 Further development with a larger engine and a further enlarged and airframe would result in the Nieuport 15 Three additional unrelated airframes that some sources have connected to the Nieuport 14 were built all featuring a nose radiator single bay wings and a deep hunchback fuselage One had large wing cut outs to improve visibility and was fitted with a 180 hp 130 kW Lorraine Dietrich 8A engine another with a 150 hp 110 kW Hispano Suiza engine and a third with a 220 hp 160 kW Hispano Suiza engine and a crescent shaped wing 3 With its failure as a combat aircraft a dedicated trainer variant was developed the Nieuport 14 Ecole with dual controls nosewheels to guard against nose over accidents and an 80 hp 60 kW Le Rhone 9C rotary engine in the place of the original V 8 3 It is possible that some of these airframes had been left over from the original production 3 When further refined the trainer version was redesignated the Nieuport 82 E 2 and was nicknamed Grosse Julie Big Julie 3 Operational history editDeliveries to reconnaissance squadrons commenced in late 1916 replacing obsolete Voisin III and V types However changing priorities resulted in production being curtailed as the Hispano Suiza engines were desperately needed for SPAD VII fighters and several units including Escadrille 102 and 103 that had planned on operating the Nieuport 14 became fighter units instead operating the Nieuport 17 4 With production halted prematurely 2 the remaining machines were relegated to training duties and as unit hacks once improvements had been made to their side mounted Hazet radiators that had been the source of some problems 5 While the Nieuport 14 only saw service in France the Nieuport 82 served more widely Aside from flight schools in France Brazil operated 9 Nieuport 82s from 1919 to 1924 and Japan operated a small number with at least one acquiring the civil registration J TOXC The first Native American and African American female aviator Bessie Coleman did some of her training in a Nieuport 82 in France 6 Variants editNieuport 14 A 2 service designation of prototype reconnaissance aircraft with 140 hp 100 kW engine Nieuport 14bis A 2 designation of production reconnaissance aircraft with 175 hp 130 kW engine Nieuport 14 E 2 initial service designation of trainer Nieuport 82 E 2 purpose built trainer version with 80 hp 60 kW rotary engine Operators edit nbsp France Aeronautique Militaire Escadrille 62 7 Escadrille 69 8 Escadrille 112 9 Escadrille 202 operated at least one example Escadrille 210 operated one example 10 nbsp Brazil Aviacao Militar nbsp Japan Imperial Japanese Army Army Aviation DepartmentSpecifications edit nbsp Nieuport 14 3 view drawing Data from Nieuport Aircraft of World War One 3 and French Aircraft of the First World War 5 General characteristicsCrew Two pilot and observer Length 7 90 m 25 ft 11 in Wingspan 11 90 m 39 ft 1 in Height 2 65 m 8 ft 8 in Wing area 30 0 m2 323 sq ft Empty weight 620 kg 1 367 lb Gross weight 1 030 kg 2 271 lb Powerplant 1 Hispano Suiza 8Aa liquid cooled V 8 piston engine 130 kW 175 hp Propellers 2 bladed Regy 326 or Eclair 8 2 60 m 8 ft 6 in diameter wood fixed pitch propeller 11 Performance Maximum speed 155 km h 96 mph 84 kn at sea level 138 km h 86 mph 75 kn at 2 000 m 6 600 ft 129 km h 80 mph 70 kn at 3 000 m 9 800 ft Endurance 3 Time to altitude 15 minutes to 2 000 m 6 600 ft Armament 1 trainable 0 303 in 7 7 mm Lewis gun on Eteve gun ring in rear cockpit for observer 4 x 120 mm 4 7 in bombsSee also edit1915 in aviationReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nieuport 14 Citations edit Taylor 1989 p 697 a b c Hartmann Gerard 2006 Les Nieuport de la guerre PDF La Coupe Schneider et hydravions anciens Dossiers historiques hydravions et moteurs p 12 Retrieved 2008 11 07 a b c d e f Sanger 2002 41 44 71 Davilla 1997 p 374 375 a b Davilla 1997 p 374 Pollard Justin 26 June 2019 The eccentric engineer the highs and lows of Bessie Coleman America s first black female pilot Retrieved 6 August 2019 Denis Albin March 2019 Escadrille MF 62 N 62 SPA 62 in French Retrieved 6 August 2019 Denis Albin March 2019 Escadrille N 69 SPA 69 in French Retrieved 6 August 2019 Denis Albin March 2019 Escadrille V 29 VB 112 N 112 SPA 112 in French Retrieved 6 August 2019 Denis Albin March 2019 Section aertillerie lourde V 210 Section artillerie lourde F 210 F 210 R 210 C 210 BR 210 in French Retrieved 6 August 2019 Hartmann 2015 p 20 Bibliography edit Bruce J M 1988 Nieuport Aircraft of World War One Vintage Warbirds No 10 London Arms and Armour Press ISBN 0 85368 934 2 Hartmann Gerard 6 January 2015 Les heliciers francais PDF in French Retrieved 5 August 2019 Sanger Ray 2002 Nieuport Aircraft of World War One Wiltshire Crowood Press ISBN 978 1861264473 Davilla Dr James J Soltan Arthur 1997 French Aircraft of the First World War Mountain View CA Flying Machines Press ISBN 978 1891268090 Pommier Gerard 2002 Nieuport 1875 1911 A biography of Edouard Nieuport Atglen PA Schiffer Publishing ISBN 978 0764316241 Taylor Michael J H 1989 Jane s Encyclopedia of Aviation London Studio Editions Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nieuport 14 amp oldid 1101637281, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
