To improve the performance of the Nieuport 10 a re-engined version was developed as the Nieuport 12 with a significantly enlarged upper wing. A Lewis gun was fitted to the rear cockpit for use by the observer, normally on an Etévé ring (known as the Nieuport ring in British service) although early examples used a pedestal mount or half ring. A second Lewis was sometimes fitted to fire over the top wing. Nieuport 12s built by Beardmore used by the Royal Flying Corps were sometimes fitted with a Scarff ring instead of the Nieuport ring, and a synchronizedVickers gun for the pilot. Additional modifications were made to those built by Beardmore.
It could be fitted with either a 100 hp (75 kW) Clerget, 130 hp (97 kW) Clerget 9B engine or 110 hp (82 kW) Le Rhône 9J mounted in the nose.
Two-seat fighter-reconnaissance biplane, powered by 110 hp (82 kW) Clerget 9Z engine.[2] or 110 hp (82 kW) Le Rhône 9J.
Nieuport 12bis C.2
Revised version with 130 hp (97 kW) Clerget 9B engine and streamlined side fairings.[3]
Nieuport 13
Two prototypes with increased span but same nominal wing area as 12. One powered by a 140 hp (100 kW) Hispano-Suiza 8, and the other by an 80 hp (60 kW) Le Rhône 9C.
Nieuport 20
Version powered by 110 hp (82 kW) Le Rhône 9J. Not used by France, but 21 delivered to Royal Flying Corps.[4] All but first examples externally similar to 12bis.
23 meter Nieuport
Unofficial generic designation for all types listed here based on nominal wing area of 23 square meters.
Nieuport 80 E.2 and 81 E.2
Nieuport 12s were later built in large numbers specifically as training aircraft with the gun ring removed. 8 in designation referred to 80 hp (60 kW) Le Rhône 9C. These differed in having flight controls for just the pilot in the rear seat (81 E.2), or both pilot and passenger (80 E.2).
Nieuport 12 (Beardmore)
Beardmore progressively redesigned the Nieuport 12 during a production run of 50 aircraft so early examples were almost stock but late production examples differed considerably in detail. These were fitted with 110 hp (82 kW) Clerget 9Z and 130 hp (97 kW) Clerget 9B rotaries.
Mitsubishi Army Type 甲 1 (Ko 1) Trainer
Japanese designation for licence built Nieuport 81 E.2s. 57 built.[5]
Trainer Type 1
Siamese designation for Nieuport 80 E.2.
Sipowicz 1
Polish experimental aircraft using lifting struts similar to the Wright-Bellanca WB-2.
Bruce, J.M. (1982). The Aeroplanes of the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing). London: Putnam. ISBN0-370-30084-X.
Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur (1997). French Aircraft of the First World War. Mountain View, CA: Flying Machines Press. ISBN978-1891268090.
Green, W; Swanborough, G (1994). The Complete Book of Fighters. Smithmark. ISBN0-8317-3939-8.
Hartmann, Gérard (6 January 2015). "Les héliciers français" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 5 August 2019.
Mikesh, Robert C.; Abe, Shorzoe (1990). Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN0-85177-840-2.
Sanger, Ray (2002). Nieuport Aircraft of World War One. Wiltshire: Crowood Press. ISBN1-86126-447-X.
Thetford, Owen (1978). British Naval Aircraft since 1912 (Fourth ed.). London: Putnam. ISBN0-85177-861-5.
January 26, 2023
nieuport, nieuport, contemporary, sources, french, sesquiplane, reconnaissance, fighter, aircraft, trainer, used, france, russia, great, britain, united, states, during, world, later, production, examples, were, built, trainers, served, widely, until, late, 19. The Nieuport 12 or Nieuport XII in contemporary sources was a French sesquiplane reconnaissance fighter aircraft and trainer used by France Russia Great Britain and the United States during World War I Later production examples were built as trainers and served widely until the late 1920s Nieuport 12 and 12bisNieuport 12 A 2 prototypeRole Reconnaissance Artillery Fighter TrainerManufacturer NieuportDesigner Gustave DelageFirst flight 1915Introduction 1915Status retiredPrimary users FranceImperial Russian Air ServiceRoyal Naval Air ServiceRoyal Flying CorpsProduced 1915 1918Number built 300 1 Developed from Nieuport 10 Contents 1 Design and development 2 Variants 3 Operators 4 Survivor 5 Specifications French built Nieuport 12 A 2 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Notes 7 2 BibliographyDesign and development EditTo improve the performance of the Nieuport 10 a re engined version was developed as the Nieuport 12 with a significantly enlarged upper wing A Lewis gun was fitted to the rear cockpit for use by the observer normally on an Eteve ring known as the Nieuport ring in British service although early examples used a pedestal mount or half ring A second Lewis was sometimes fitted to fire over the top wing Nieuport 12s built by Beardmore used by the Royal Flying Corps were sometimes fitted with a Scarff ring instead of the Nieuport ring and a synchronized Vickers gun for the pilot Additional modifications were made to those built by Beardmore It could be fitted with either a 100 hp 75 kW Clerget 130 hp 97 kW Clerget 9B engine or 110 hp 82 kW Le Rhone 9J mounted in the nose Variants Edit Nieuport 12bis of Escadrille N69 American Nieuport 80 E 2 trainer Royal Flying Corps Nieuport 12 built by Beardmore Elevator stripes were a Beardmore trademark Nieuport 12 A 2 Two seat fighter reconnaissance biplane powered by 110 hp 82 kW Clerget 9Z engine 2 or 110 hp 82 kW Le Rhone 9J Nieuport 12bis C 2 Revised version with 130 hp 97 kW Clerget 9B engine and streamlined side fairings 3 Nieuport 13 Two prototypes with increased span but same nominal wing area as 12 One powered by a 140 hp 100 kW Hispano Suiza 8 and the other by an 80 hp 60 kW Le Rhone 9C Nieuport 20 Version powered by 110 hp 82 kW Le Rhone 9J Not used by France but 21 delivered to Royal Flying Corps 4 All but first examples externally similar to 12bis 23 meter Nieuport Unofficial generic designation for all types listed here based on nominal wing area of 23 square meters Nieuport 80 E 2 and 81 E 2 Nieuport 12s were later built in large numbers specifically as training aircraft with the gun ring removed 8 in designation referred to 80 hp 60 kW Le Rhone 9C These differed in having flight controls for just the pilot in the rear seat 81 E 2 or both pilot and passenger 80 E 2 Nieuport 12 Beardmore Beardmore progressively redesigned the Nieuport 12 during a production run of 50 aircraft so early examples were almost stock but late production examples differed considerably in detail These were fitted with 110 hp 82 kW Clerget 9Z and 130 hp 97 kW Clerget 9B rotaries Mitsubishi Army Type 甲 1 Ko 1 Trainer Japanese designation for licence built Nieuport 81 E 2s 57 built 5 Trainer Type 1 Siamese designation for Nieuport 80 E 2 Sipowicz 1 Polish experimental aircraft using lifting struts similar to the Wright Bellanca WB 2 Operators Edit ArgentinaArgentine Naval Aviation One aircraft in 1919 BelgiumBelgian Air Force ChileChilean Air Force One aircraft only FranceAeronautique Militaire EstoniaEstonian Air Force Postwar GreeceRoyal Hellenic Navy JapanImperial Japanese Army Air Service received 40 Nieuport 81 E 2 from France in 1919 supplemented with 57 licence built aircraft 5 PolandPolish Air Force PortugalPortuguese Air Force RomaniaRomanian Air Corps Russian EmpireImperial Russian Air Service SerbiaSerbian Air Force SiamRoyal Siamese Aeronautical Service One aircraft only United KingdomRoyal Flying Corps No 45 Squadron RFC No 46 Squadron RFC No 65 Squadron RFC No 84 Squadron RFC Royal Naval Air Service No 7 Squadron RNAS No 10 Squadron RNAS United StatesAmerican Expeditionary Force Soviet Union Workers and Peasants Air Fleet Nieuport 12 at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum Survivor EditA single ex French Nieuport 12 is on display following an extensive restoration including reinstalling the original Le Rhone 9J rotary engine at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa in the late 1990s This aircraft was donated to the Canadian Dominion Archives along with a Canon de 75 modele 1897 cannon and an extensive collection of propaganda posters by the French Government in 1916 and was used for war bond drives until the 1918 flu pandemic resulted in it being placed in storage In the late 1960s the Royal Canadian Air Force partially converted it into an RFC Beardmore example for display Specifications French built Nieuport 12 A 2 Edit Drawing of late production Beardmore built Nieuport 12 incorporating their modifications Data from Davilla 1997 p 369General characteristicsCrew Two pilot and observer gunner Length 7 10 m 23 ft 4 in Wingspan 9 00 m 29 ft 6 in measurements of survivor indicate 9 15 m 30 0 ft Height 2 70 m 8 ft 10 in Wing area 22 00 m2 236 8 sq ft Empty weight 550 kg 1 213 lb Gross weight 825 kg 1 819 lb Fuel capacity 120 kg Powerplant 1 Clerget 9Z 9 cylinder air cooled rotary engine 82 kW 110 hp Propellers 2 bladed 2 50 m 8 ft 2 in Regy 274 or 2 55 m 8 ft 4 in Regy 289 or 2 53 m 8 ft 4 in Eclair 2 wood fixed pitch propeller 6 Performance Maximum speed 146 km h 91 mph 79 kn at 2 000 m 6 600 ft Range 500 km 310 mi 270 nmi Endurance 3 hours Service ceiling 4 000 m 13 000 ft Time to altitude 14 minutes 15 seconds to 2 000 m 6 600 ft Armament 1 303 in 7 7 mm Lewis gun on Eteve gun ring in rear cockpit and occasionally a second one on the upper wingSee also Edit1915 in aviationRelated development Nieuport 10Related lists List of military aircraft of France List of aircraft of the Royal Flying Corps List of aircraft of the Royal Naval Air Service List of World War I Entente aircraft List of fighter aircraft List of military aircraft of the United States 1909 19 References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nieuport 12 Notes Edit Hartmann Gerard Les Nieuport de la guerre PDF Dossiers historiques et techniques aeronautique francaise in French Retrieved 20 August 2015 Bruce 1982 p 320 Bruce 1982 p 323 Bruce 1982 pp 323 324 a b Mikesh and Abe 1990 p 176 Hartmann 2015 p 20 Bibliography Edit The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft Part Work 1982 1985 Orbis Publishing p 2597 Bruce J M 1988 Nieuport Aircraft of World War One Vintage Warbirds No 10 London Arms and Armour Press ISBN 0 85368 934 2 Bruce J M 1998 Nieuport 10 12 Windsock Datafile 68 Herts Albratros Publications ISBN 1 902207 01 7 Bruce J M 1982 The Aeroplanes of the Royal Flying Corps Military Wing London Putnam ISBN 0 370 30084 X Davilla Dr James J Soltan Arthur 1997 French Aircraft of the First World War Mountain View CA Flying Machines Press ISBN 978 1891268090 Green W Swanborough G 1994 The Complete Book of Fighters Smithmark ISBN 0 8317 3939 8 Hartmann Gerard 6 January 2015 Les heliciers francais PDF in French Retrieved 5 August 2019 Mikesh Robert C Abe Shorzoe 1990 Japanese Aircraft 1910 1941 London Putnam Aeronautical Books ISBN 0 85177 840 2 Sanger Ray 2002 Nieuport Aircraft of World War One Wiltshire Crowood Press ISBN 1 86126 447 X Thetford Owen 1978 British Naval Aircraft since 1912 Fourth ed London Putnam ISBN 0 85177 861 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nieuport 12 amp oldid 1101636636, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
