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He was born at Alhama la Seca in the province of Almería, was educated at Granada and became assistant professor of literature and philosophy at Madrid. The last years of the reign of Isabella II were times of growing discontent with her government and with the monarchy. Salmerón joined a small party who advocated for the establishment of a republic. He was director of the opposition paper La Discusión, and co-operated with Emilio Castelar on La Democracia. In 1865 he was named one of the members of the directing committee of the Republican Party. In 1867 he was imprisoned with other suspects.
When the revolution of September 1868 broke out, he was at Almería recovering from a serious illness. Salmerón was elected to the Cortes in 1871, and though he did not belong to the Socialist Party, defended its right to toleration. When Amadeo of Savoy resigned the Spanish crown on 11 February 1873 Salmerón was naturally marked out to be a leader of the party which endeavoured to establish a republic in Spain. While serving as minister of justice in the Figueras cabinet, he abolished the death penalty. He was subsequently elected president of the Cortes, and then, on 18 July 1873, president of the Executive Power of the Republic, in succession to Francisco Pi y Margall. He became president at a time when the Federalist Party had thrown all the south of Spain into anarchy.
Salmerón was compelled to use the troops to restore order. When, however, he found that the generals insisted on executing rebels taken in arms, he resigned (September 6) on the ground that he was opposed to capital punishment. He was again elected president of the Cortes on September 9. His successor, Castelar, was compelled to restore order by drastic means. Salmerón took part in the attack made on him in the Cortes on 3 January 1874, which provoked the generals into closing the chamber and establishing a provisional military government. Salmerón went into exile and remained abroad till 1881, when he was recalled by Sagasta.
In 1886, he was elected to the Cortes as Progressive deputy for Madrid, and unsuccessfully endeavoured to combine the jarring republican factions into a party of practical moderate views. On 18 April 1907 he was shot at, but not wounded, in the streets of Barcelona by a member of the more extreme Republican Party. He died at Pau on 21 September 1908 at the age of 70.
Since 2009 the Nicolás Salmerón Human Rights Prize has been awarded, arising from the initiative of the Ateneo de Madrid. The award is organized by the International Foundation for Human Rights and delivered at the Ateneo headquarters every December 10th on the anniversary of the approval by the United Nations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Among the winners in the different categories are Luiz_Inácio_Lula_da_Silva (2020), José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2009), la Casa Sefarad-Israel (2010), Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2011), El Intermedio y El Gran Wyoming (2012), Jesús Caldera (2012), Jordi Évole (2013), Pedro González Zerolo y Marcos Ana (2014)
Pantheon of Nicolás SalmerónNicolás Salmerón in 1908.
ReferencesEdit
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Salmeron y Alfonso, Nicolas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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October 21, 2023
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish February 2014 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 122 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at es Nicolas Salmeron see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated es Nicolas Salmeron to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Salmeron and the second or maternal family name is Alonso Nicolas Salmeron Alonso 10 April 1838 21 September 1908 was a Spanish politician president of the First Spanish Republic Nicolas SalmeronPortrait by Federico de MadrazoPresident of the Executive PowerIn office 18 July 1873 7 September 1873Preceded byFrancisco Pi y MargallSucceeded byEmilio Castelar y RipollPersonal detailsBorn 1838 04 10 10 April 1838Alhama de Almeria Province of Almeria SpainDied21 September 1908 1908 09 21 aged 70 Pau FrancePolitical partyDemocratic Republican Union Party Progressive PartySignatureBiography EditHe was born at Alhama la Seca in the province of Almeria was educated at Granada and became assistant professor of literature and philosophy at Madrid The last years of the reign of Isabella II were times of growing discontent with her government and with the monarchy Salmeron joined a small party who advocated for the establishment of a republic He was director of the opposition paper La Discusion and co operated with Emilio Castelar on La Democracia In 1865 he was named one of the members of the directing committee of the Republican Party In 1867 he was imprisoned with other suspects When the revolution of September 1868 broke out he was at Almeria recovering from a serious illness Salmeron was elected to the Cortes in 1871 and though he did not belong to the Socialist Party defended its right to toleration When Amadeo of Savoy resigned the Spanish crown on 11 February 1873 Salmeron was naturally marked out to be a leader of the party which endeavoured to establish a republic in Spain While serving as minister of justice in the Figueras cabinet he abolished the death penalty He was subsequently elected president of the Cortes and then on 18 July 1873 president of the Executive Power of the Republic in succession to Francisco Pi y Margall He became president at a time when the Federalist Party had thrown all the south of Spain into anarchy Salmeron was compelled to use the troops to restore order When however he found that the generals insisted on executing rebels taken in arms he resigned September 6 on the ground that he was opposed to capital punishment He was again elected president of the Cortes on September 9 His successor Castelar was compelled to restore order by drastic means Salmeron took part in the attack made on him in the Cortes on 3 January 1874 which provoked the generals into closing the chamber and establishing a provisional military government Salmeron went into exile and remained abroad till 1881 when he was recalled by Sagasta In 1886 he was elected to the Cortes as Progressive deputy for Madrid and unsuccessfully endeavoured to combine the jarring republican factions into a party of practical moderate views On 18 April 1907 he was shot at but not wounded in the streets of Barcelona by a member of the more extreme Republican Party He died at Pau on 21 September 1908 at the age of 70 He was the last living president of the First Spanish Republic Human rights prize in his name EditSince 2009 the Nicolas Salmeron Human Rights Prize has been awarded arising from the initiative of the Ateneo de Madrid The award is organized by the International Foundation for Human Rights and delivered at the Ateneo headquarters every December 10th on the anniversary of the approval by the United Nations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Among the winners in the different categories are Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva 2020 Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero 2009 la Casa Sefarad Israel 2010 Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner 2011 El Intermedio y El Gran Wyoming 2012 Jesus Caldera 2012 Jordi Evole 2013 Pedro Gonzalez Zerolo y Marcos Ana 2014 nbsp Pantheon of Nicolas Salmeron nbsp Nicolas Salmeron in 1908 References Edit nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Salmeron y Alfonso Nicolas Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 24 11th ed Cambridge University Press Political officesPreceded byFrancisco Pi President of the Executive Power of Spain18 July 1873 7 September 1873 Succeeded byEmilio CastelarPresident of the Provisional Government of Spain18 July 1873 7 September 1873 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nicolas Salmeron Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nicolas Salmeron y Alonso amp oldid 1119108363, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
