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New York Aquarium

January 20, 2023

The New York Aquarium is the oldest continually operating aquarium in the United States, located on the Riegelmann Boardwalk in Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York City. It was founded at Castle Garden in Battery Park, Manhattan in 1896, and moved to Coney Island in 1957. The aquarium is operated by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) as part of its integrated system of four zoos and one aquarium, most notably the Bronx Zoo. It is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). As part of WCS, the aquarium's mission is to save wildlife and wild places worldwide through science, conservation action, education, and inspiring people to value nature.

New York Aquarium
South wall
Date openedDecember 10, 1896
Location602 Surf Avenue
Brooklyn, New York 11224
United States
Coordinates40°34′27″N 73°58′30″W / 40.574292°N 73.975116°W / 40.574292; -73.975116Coordinates: 40°34′27″N 73°58′30″W / 40.574292°N 73.975116°W / 40.574292; -73.975116
Land area14 acres (5.7 ha)
MembershipsAZA[1]
Public transit accessSubway: ​​ at West Eighth Street–New York Aquarium
Bus:
Websitenyaquarium.com

The facility occupies 14 acres (5.7 ha) and boasts 266 species of aquatic wildlife. Its mission is to raise public awareness about issues facing the ocean and its inhabitants with special exhibits, public events and research. The New York Seascape program, based out of the aquarium, is WCS's local conservation program designed to restore healthy populations of marine species and protect New York waters, which are vital to the area's economic and cultural vitality.

History

For an earlier, short-lived New York aquarium, see Great New York Aquarium.

Battery Park location

Construction and early years

The New York City government had proposed converting Castle Garden, a former military fort and immigrant-processing station in Battery Park, into an aquarium in 1891.[2] The following February, the New York State Legislature passed a bill allowing the city government to create an aquarium within Castle Garden.[3][4] Julius F. Munckwitz Jr. drew up preliminary plans for an aquarium, which he presented to New York City's board of park commissioners in mid-1892.[5] The state government voted to allocate $150,000 for the construction of an aquarium within Castle Garden.[6][7] Local media reported in September 1896 that the aquarium was largely completed.[8][9] At the time, the tanks contained 45 species, some of which had been in the aquarium for two years.[9] Ultimately, it cost $175,000 to renovate Castle Garden into an aquarium.[7]

 
The aquarium used to be housed in Castle Clinton (left) in Battery Park (image before 1923).

The aquarium opened on December 10, 1896,[10][11] following a soft opening the previous day.[12][13] The aquarium attracted thousands of visitors on its opening day,[14][11] and it averaged over 10,000 visitors per day during its first several months.[7] Visitors were not charged admission, which may have contributed to the aquarium's popularity.[15] The aquarium had two million guests within a year,[15] and it had 5.5 million total guests by May 1900.[16] In its early years, the New York Aquarium at Castle Garden typically had more visitors during the summer, and Sunday was the busiest day of the week.[17] The aquarium's busiest day during this period was August 20, 1898, when over 47,000 people visited the aquarium.[18][17]

The aquarium's first director was Tarleton Hoffman Bean, who was appointed in 1895.[19] He was instrumental in helping to create similar wildlife organizations, especially aquaria. Bean was forced to resign in April 1898.[20]

1900s and 1910s

In March 1902, New York state legislators proposed transferring operation of the New York Aquarium to the New York Zoological Society.[21] The Board of Estimate authorized mayor Seth Low to lease the aquarium to the Zoological Society in July 1902,[22] and the Zoological Society took over on October 31, 1902, with Charles Haskins Townsend as the aquarium's director.[23][24] At the time, the Aquarium housed only 150 specimens of wildlife. Townsend enlarged the collections considerably, and the Aquarium attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. Townsend served as the Aquarium's director for thirty years.[25] After being appointed as director, Townsend soon made several modifications to Castle Garden's facilities, which cost over $30,000.[26] The number of specimens at Castle Garden also increased; by 1903, the aquarium had 2,000 specimens from over 200 species.[27] By 1907, the aquarium had over two million annual visitors, or an average of 6,000 per day.[28]

By January 1911, officials instead planned to expand Castle Garden,[29][30] adding semicircular wings to the west and east for over $1 million.[30][31] Each wing was to contain three tiers of tanks[31] and classroom space.[32] The Zoological Society asked the Board of Estimate to allocate $1.75 million to the renovation,[33][34] but the board still had not funded the renovation of Castle Garden by 1916.[35] Townsend said the aquarium's mechanical facilities needed major upgrades.[35][36]

1920s to 1940s

In 1921, Townsend announced that the Zoological Society would construct an electric plant in the basement, replacing a steam plant on the south side of the aquarium building, and then install two tanks in the space formerly occupied by the steam plant.[37] This work was funded by a bequest from Mrs. Russell Sage.[38] By early 1923, the Zoological Society was carrying out the renovations at a cost of $86,000.[39] In June 1923, the board voted to give $76,500 for the construction of an additional story above the building.[40][41] The Zoological Society planned to add deeper tanks on the second floor, expanding exhibition space by 20 percent. By then, the aquarium had two million annual visitors.[38] The expansion was largely completed by early 1924.[42]

Townsend announced in 1926 that Castle Garden would undergo further modifications at a cost of $225,000. The plans included constructing a third story for workrooms and laboratory space, installing tanks behind the building, adding a new mechanical plant in the basement, and covering the facade with a gray cement finish.[43] The Castle Garden Aquarium remained popular in the 1930s, with two million visitors per year,[44] including 50,000 on a single day in 1934, a new record for the aquarium.[45][46] Two laboratories were built on the structure's third story in 1940,[47] and a new metal dome was installed above the building he same year.[48] By then, the aquarium's acting director Charles M. Breder Jr. wished to develop a new building nearby, as he believed the aquarium had outgrown Castle Garden.[49][50]

In February 1941, Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority Commissioner Robert Moses announced that he would demolish Castle Garden when the park was rebuilt during the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel's construction.[51][52] The city government closed the New York Aquarium and moved some fish and turtles to other aquariums in late 1941;[53][54] other fish were released into the Atlantic Ocean.[55]

Brooklyn location

In 1953, officials approved the construction of a new aquarium building in the Coney Island neighborhood of southern Brooklyn.[56][57] The development of the new aquarium was expected to revitalize Coney Island.[58][59] The New York City Planning Commission allocated 5 acres (2.0 ha) of parkland to the new aquarium,[60] and construction commenced on October 24, 1954.[59][61][62] Harrison & Abramovitz designed the aquarium at Coney Island.[63] The first phase of the aquarium was originally projected to be completed in 1956 at a cost of $1.5 million; it was to be part of a larger, $10 million development.[61][62] The project's completion date was delayed due to a shortage of construction materials.[64] On June 6, 1957, the Aquarium opened in Coney Island.[65][66] The aquarium charged admission at its Coney Island location; this was unpopular among members of the public, who had been accustomed to the free admission at Castle Garden.[67]

When the Coney Island location opened, the WCS had to acquire nearly all its species from scratch, as the species at Castle Garden had been released into the ocean or given to other zoos.[68] Among the few specimens transferred from Castle Garden were a pair of Ridley sea turtles that had been kept in Bermuda after the Castle Garden location closed.[69] The Coney Island site of the New York Aquarium is the home of the WCS New York Seascape program – the society's research and conservation program focusing on nearby rivers, harbor, and ocean from Cape May, New Jersey, to Montauk, Long Island.[70] The aquarium kept an orca briefly in 1968 and a narwhal in 1969. Both reportedly died of possible pneumonia.[71][72] The aquarium's beluga whales were transferred to the Georgia Aquarium in 2007 as part of a breeding program.[73] In September 2011, the aquarium named its new electric eel Wattson,[74] and in March 2012, it launched a sea horse breeding program.[75]

In October 2006, the New York Aquarium announced the finalists to a competition to develop a more inviting and visually prominent exterior for the aquarium.[76] In March 2007, the winning design by firms WRT and Cloud 9 was selected, which featured an enclosure resembling a whale over the aquarium.[77][78] However, in March 2008, that concept was scrapped due to concerns over the cost of the design and the practicality of constructing future exhibits under the enclosure.[79] Instead, plans for a new exhibit based on sharks were announced.[80] The massive 784,000-US-gallon (2,970,000 L), 57,000-square-foot (5,300 m2) exhibition, Ocean Wonders: Sharks!, was originally scheduled to break ground in November 2012 and open in 2015.[81] However, the New York Aquarium was significantly damaged by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, which severely flooded the facility and shut down power. A small group of WCS staff who remained onsite during the hurricane were able to save 80 percent of the animals in the collection.[82] As a result, construction on the exhibit was delayed.[83] Ocean Wonders: Sharks! ultimately broke ground in January 2014.[84] The exhibit opened on June 30, 2018, becoming the first major exhibit at the New York Aquarium to open after Hurricane Sandy.[84][85][86]

The aquarium closed for four months starting in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, which shuttered almost all businesses citywide. With the reopening of the aquarium in July 2020, a new exhibit called Spineless, dedicated to invertebrate marine species, was opened.[87]

Exhibits

As of 2018, the New York Aquarium consists of five exhibits: Aquatheater; Conservation Hall; Sea Cliffs; Spineless; and Ocean Wonders: Sharks.[88]

The original Bathysphere, a deep-sea submersible that made historic journeys underwater in the 1930s, is on display at the aquarium.[89]

Notable people

References

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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to New York Aquarium.
  • Official website
  • New York Aquarium on zooinstitutes.com

January 20, 2023
york, aquarium, oldest, continually, operating, aquarium, united, states, located, riegelmann, boardwalk, coney, island, brooklyn, york, city, founded, castle, garden, battery, park, manhattan, 1896, moved, coney, island, 1957, aquarium, operated, wildlife, co. The New York Aquarium is the oldest continually operating aquarium in the United States located on the Riegelmann Boardwalk in Coney Island Brooklyn New York City It was founded at Castle Garden in Battery Park Manhattan in 1896 and moved to Coney Island in 1957 The aquarium is operated by the Wildlife Conservation Society WCS as part of its integrated system of four zoos and one aquarium most notably the Bronx Zoo It is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums AZA As part of WCS the aquarium s mission is to save wildlife and wild places worldwide through science conservation action education and inspiring people to value nature New York AquariumSouth wallDate openedDecember 10 1896Location602 Surf AvenueBrooklyn New York 11224 United StatesCoordinates40 34 27 N 73 58 30 W 40 574292 N 73 975116 W 40 574292 73 975116 Coordinates 40 34 27 N 73 58 30 W 40 574292 N 73 975116 W 40 574292 73 975116Land area14 acres 5 7 ha MembershipsAZA 1 Public transit accessSubway at West Eighth Street New York AquariumBus Websitenyaquarium wbr comThe facility occupies 14 acres 5 7 ha and boasts 266 species of aquatic wildlife Its mission is to raise public awareness about issues facing the ocean and its inhabitants with special exhibits public events and research The New York Seascape program based out of the aquarium is WCS s local conservation program designed to restore healthy populations of marine species and protect New York waters which are vital to the area s economic and cultural vitality Contents 1 History 1 1 Battery Park location 1 1 1 Construction and early years 1 1 2 1900s and 1910s 1 1 3 1920s to 1940s 1 2 Brooklyn location 2 Exhibits 3 Notable people 4 References 5 External linksHistory EditFor an earlier short lived New York aquarium see Great New York Aquarium Battery Park location Edit Construction and early years EditThe New York City government had proposed converting Castle Garden a former military fort and immigrant processing station in Battery Park into an aquarium in 1891 2 The following February the New York State Legislature passed a bill allowing the city government to create an aquarium within Castle Garden 3 4 Julius F Munckwitz Jr drew up preliminary plans for an aquarium which he presented to New York City s board of park commissioners in mid 1892 5 The state government voted to allocate 150 000 for the construction of an aquarium within Castle Garden 6 7 Local media reported in September 1896 that the aquarium was largely completed 8 9 At the time the tanks contained 45 species some of which had been in the aquarium for two years 9 Ultimately it cost 175 000 to renovate Castle Garden into an aquarium 7 The aquarium used to be housed in Castle Clinton left in Battery Park image before 1923 The aquarium opened on December 10 1896 10 11 following a soft opening the previous day 12 13 The aquarium attracted thousands of visitors on its opening day 14 11 and it averaged over 10 000 visitors per day during its first several months 7 Visitors were not charged admission which may have contributed to the aquarium s popularity 15 The aquarium had two million guests within a year 15 and it had 5 5 million total guests by May 1900 16 In its early years the New York Aquarium at Castle Garden typically had more visitors during the summer and Sunday was the busiest day of the week 17 The aquarium s busiest day during this period was August 20 1898 when over 47 000 people visited the aquarium 18 17 The aquarium s first director was Tarleton Hoffman Bean who was appointed in 1895 19 He was instrumental in helping to create similar wildlife organizations especially aquaria Bean was forced to resign in April 1898 20 1900s and 1910s Edit In March 1902 New York state legislators proposed transferring operation of the New York Aquarium to the New York Zoological Society 21 The Board of Estimate authorized mayor Seth Low to lease the aquarium to the Zoological Society in July 1902 22 and the Zoological Society took over on October 31 1902 with Charles Haskins Townsend as the aquarium s director 23 24 At the time the Aquarium housed only 150 specimens of wildlife Townsend enlarged the collections considerably and the Aquarium attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors each year Townsend served as the Aquarium s director for thirty years 25 After being appointed as director Townsend soon made several modifications to Castle Garden s facilities which cost over 30 000 26 The number of specimens at Castle Garden also increased by 1903 the aquarium had 2 000 specimens from over 200 species 27 By 1907 the aquarium had over two million annual visitors or an average of 6 000 per day 28 By January 1911 officials instead planned to expand Castle Garden 29 30 adding semicircular wings to the west and east for over 1 million 30 31 Each wing was to contain three tiers of tanks 31 and classroom space 32 The Zoological Society asked the Board of Estimate to allocate 1 75 million to the renovation 33 34 but the board still had not funded the renovation of Castle Garden by 1916 35 Townsend said the aquarium s mechanical facilities needed major upgrades 35 36 1920s to 1940s Edit In 1921 Townsend announced that the Zoological Society would construct an electric plant in the basement replacing a steam plant on the south side of the aquarium building and then install two tanks in the space formerly occupied by the steam plant 37 This work was funded by a bequest from Mrs Russell Sage 38 By early 1923 the Zoological Society was carrying out the renovations at a cost of 86 000 39 In June 1923 the board voted to give 76 500 for the construction of an additional story above the building 40 41 The Zoological Society planned to add deeper tanks on the second floor expanding exhibition space by 20 percent By then the aquarium had two million annual visitors 38 The expansion was largely completed by early 1924 42 Townsend announced in 1926 that Castle Garden would undergo further modifications at a cost of 225 000 The plans included constructing a third story for workrooms and laboratory space installing tanks behind the building adding a new mechanical plant in the basement and covering the facade with a gray cement finish 43 The Castle Garden Aquarium remained popular in the 1930s with two million visitors per year 44 including 50 000 on a single day in 1934 a new record for the aquarium 45 46 Two laboratories were built on the structure s third story in 1940 47 and a new metal dome was installed above the building he same year 48 By then the aquarium s acting director Charles M Breder Jr wished to develop a new building nearby as he believed the aquarium had outgrown Castle Garden 49 50 In February 1941 Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority Commissioner Robert Moses announced that he would demolish Castle Garden when the park was rebuilt during the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel s construction 51 52 The city government closed the New York Aquarium and moved some fish and turtles to other aquariums in late 1941 53 54 other fish were released into the Atlantic Ocean 55 Brooklyn location Edit In 1953 officials approved the construction of a new aquarium building in the Coney Island neighborhood of southern Brooklyn 56 57 The development of the new aquarium was expected to revitalize Coney Island 58 59 The New York City Planning Commission allocated 5 acres 2 0 ha of parkland to the new aquarium 60 and construction commenced on October 24 1954 59 61 62 Harrison amp Abramovitz designed the aquarium at Coney Island 63 The first phase of the aquarium was originally projected to be completed in 1956 at a cost of 1 5 million it was to be part of a larger 10 million development 61 62 The project s completion date was delayed due to a shortage of construction materials 64 On June 6 1957 the Aquarium opened in Coney Island 65 66 The aquarium charged admission at its Coney Island location this was unpopular among members of the public who had been accustomed to the free admission at Castle Garden 67 When the Coney Island location opened the WCS had to acquire nearly all its species from scratch as the species at Castle Garden had been released into the ocean or given to other zoos 68 Among the few specimens transferred from Castle Garden were a pair of Ridley sea turtles that had been kept in Bermuda after the Castle Garden location closed 69 The Coney Island site of the New York Aquarium is the home of the WCS New York Seascape program the society s research and conservation program focusing on nearby rivers harbor and ocean from Cape May New Jersey to Montauk Long Island 70 The aquarium kept an orca briefly in 1968 and a narwhal in 1969 Both reportedly died of possible pneumonia 71 72 The aquarium s beluga whales were transferred to the Georgia Aquarium in 2007 as part of a breeding program 73 In September 2011 the aquarium named its new electric eel Wattson 74 and in March 2012 it launched a sea horse breeding program 75 In October 2006 the New York Aquarium announced the finalists to a competition to develop a more inviting and visually prominent exterior for the aquarium 76 In March 2007 the winning design by firms WRT and Cloud 9 was selected which featured an enclosure resembling a whale over the aquarium 77 78 However in March 2008 that concept was scrapped due to concerns over the cost of the design and the practicality of constructing future exhibits under the enclosure 79 Instead plans for a new exhibit based on sharks were announced 80 The massive 784 000 US gallon 2 970 000 L 57 000 square foot 5 300 m2 exhibition Ocean Wonders Sharks was originally scheduled to break ground in November 2012 and open in 2015 81 However the New York Aquarium was significantly damaged by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 which severely flooded the facility and shut down power A small group of WCS staff who remained onsite during the hurricane were able to save 80 percent of the animals in the collection 82 As a result construction on the exhibit was delayed 83 Ocean Wonders Sharks ultimately broke ground in January 2014 84 The exhibit opened on June 30 2018 becoming the first major exhibit at the New York Aquarium to open after Hurricane Sandy 84 85 86 The aquarium closed for four months starting in March 2020 due to the COVID 19 pandemic in New York City which shuttered almost all businesses citywide With the reopening of the aquarium in July 2020 a new exhibit called Spineless dedicated to invertebrate marine species was opened 87 Exhibits EditAs of 2018 update the New York Aquarium consists of five exhibits Aquatheater Conservation Hall Sea Cliffs Spineless and Ocean Wonders Sharks 88 The original Bathysphere a deep sea submersible that made historic journeys underwater in the 1930s is on display at the aquarium 89 Notable people EditCharles Haskins Townsend served as director from 1902 to 1937 Ida May Mellen worked at the New York Aquarium from 1916 to 1929 James Arthur Oliver was director from 1970 until 1976 Oliver also held directorships at the Bronx Zoo and the American Museum of Natural History during his career the only person to have been director of all three institutions References Edit Currently Accredited Zoos and Aquariums aza org AZA Retrieved May 27 2010 Planning a Great Aquarium for New York City Scientific American Vol LXIV no 11 March 14 1891 p 164 ProQuest 126786059 Castle Garden Aquarium Text of the Legislative Act Providing for Its Establishment The New York Times February 13 1892 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 10 2022 Proceedings in Both Branches Grade crossing Bills in the Senate assembly Bills Affecting New york and Brooklyn for Lengthening the Canal Locks an Irate Mayor Attacks the Governor the Castle Garden Aquarium Bill Signed New York Tribune February 12 1892 p 5 ProQuest 573660076 Proposed Aquarium in New York Scientific American Vol LXVI no 24 June 11 1892 p 372 ProQuest 126673842 New York s Aquarium It is to Cost 150 000 and Permanently Occupy Castle Garden Los Angeles Times September 11 1893 p 6 ProQuest 163672499 a b c Mather Fred November 13 1897 The New York Aquarium Forest and Stream a Journal of Outdoor Life Travel Nature Study Shooting Fishing Yachting Vol XLIX no 20 p 389 ProQuest 125057580 The New York Aquarium The New York Times September 20 1896 p SM4 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 1016134163 a b Aquarium Nearly Ready Old Castle Garden s Doors to Open Again in Three Months Queer Varieties of Sea Life for the Public to Gaze Upon looking for a White Whale a High and Airy Structure Many Fish in the Pools Already Came Along Uninvited New York Tribune September 20 1896 p B10 ProQuest 574225004 Opening of the Aquarium The Brooklyn Daily Eagle December 10 1896 p 2 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 a b The Aquarium Now Open It is Estimated That 30 000 Persons Saw the Exhibit Yesterday The New York Times December 11 1896 p 7 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 1016144427 Aquarium Opens to day It Was Informally Opened Yesterday to Park Board s Guests The New York Times December 10 1896 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 Reception at the Aquarium Luncheon Served to Invited Guests in the Laboratory to Be Opened to day New York Tribune December 10 1896 p 10 ProQuest 574253878 The Castle Garden Aquarium The Buffalo Commercial December 12 1896 p 7 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 a b Martin Douglas December 12 1996 Aquarium Turns 100 With Renewed Popularity The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 26 2015 Retrieved October 10 2022 Bristol Charles L August 1900 Treasures of the New York Aquarium Century Illustrated Magazine Vol LX no 4 p 553 ProQuest 125508815 a b Many Visit Zoological Park Great Increase in 1902 Over 1901 Large Attendance at Aquarium New York Tribune May 5 1903 p 7 ProQuest 571247743 Bristol Charles L August 1900 Treasures of the New York Aquarium Century Illustrated Magazine Vol LX no 4 p 553 ProQuest 125508815 The Vacant Fish Commission The President Has Taken No Action to Fill the Place Dr Tarleton H Bean s Qualifications The New York Times October 30 1895 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 12 2022 Dr Bean Goes Under Protest He Yields to the Park Police and Leaves His Office in the Aquarium The New York Times April 2 1898 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 12 2022 Change for Aquarium Bill Introduced Placing It Under Management of Zoological Society The New York Times March 18 1902 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 Sites for Libraries Times Union July 28 1902 p 4 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 Aquarium Transferred New York Tribune November 1 1902 p 9 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 City Cedes the Aquarium New York Tribune October 25 1902 p 1 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 Castle Clinton History amp Culture National Park Service Retrieved June 19 2017 Overhauling the Aquarium Director Townsend Spending 30 000 to Make It a More Attractive and Valuable Resort The New York Times December 20 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 11 2022 Freaks from the Ocean Some Queer Fish in the Castle Garden Aquarium Forest and Stream Vol LXI no 5 August 1 1903 p 88 ProQuest 125013179 Fine Fish Collection Rare Specimens at Aquarium Seen by 2 000 000 Persons a Year New York Tribune October 6 1907 p C3 ProQuest 571983901 New Aquarium is Planned The Sun January 11 1911 p 2 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 a b Famous Aquarium to Be Enlarged The New York Times January 15 1911 p 41 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 a b New Barge Office and Aquarium to Embellish Manhattan s Free Resort Yclept the Battery Historic Structures Will Be Replaced by Notable and Expensive Landmarks New York Tribune August 20 1911 p A3 ProQuest 574801218 Enlarge Castle Garden New York Tribune August 8 1912 p 6 ProQuest 574963941 New York Aquarium Forest and Stream a Journal of Outdoor Life Travel Nature Study Shooting Fishing Yachting 1873 1930 Vol LXXVI no 22 June 3 1911 p 16 ProQuest 124959825 Urges Castle Garden Wing The New York Times May 28 1912 p 6 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 a b City Asked to Help Improve Aquarium Park Commissioner Ward Gives Approval to Plan Now Before Estimate Board The New York Times November 26 1916 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 Classic Greek Temple Planned to Enclose Aquarium The Sun August 22 1915 p 47 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 Aquarium to Be Enlarged Monsters of Sea to Be Shown in New Tanks at Battery Park The New York Times April 19 1921 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 13 2019 Retrieved October 11 2022 a b Changes at the Aquarium to Make It World Model Old Building Which Houses Collection of Fish Has Had Eventful Past Once a Fort Then Jenny Laid Sang There Used for Immigrant Station and Finally for Present Exhibit The New York Times August 12 1923 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 Flash Animal Life Upon the Screen Films Shown at Zoological Society Meeting Depict Work at Tropical Station The New York Times January 10 1923 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 76 500 Voted to Add second Story to Historic Aquarium Growth in Fish Family Supported by Gty Makes More Room Necessary at Venerable Structure on Battery Sea Wall Formerly Castle Garden New York Tribune June 9 1923 p 8 ProQuest 1237274035 Man Breaks Rule for Art Institute Votes to Spend 1 050 000 for Two Wings to the Building in Brooklyn The New York Times June 5 1923 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 Aquarium Will Soon Have All Modern Improvements The New York Times March 16 1924 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 11 2022 Aquarium Changes to Cost 225 000 Historic Building s Appearance Will Be Greatly Improved by the Alterations Third Floor to Be Added City s Share of Expense 130 000 Balance Contributed by Private Donors The New York Times July 11 1926 p E1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 103673794 5 Million Mark Passed at Zoo And Aquarium Attendance Increased in 1934 Zoological Society Hears at Yearly Meeting Conservation Work Aided Grant Gets Funds to Create Bear Sanctuary in Alaska New York Herald Tribune January 9 1935 p 15 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1237343832 Two Sailors Join 100 000 Seeing Fleet at Battery Record Throng Waits 5 Hrs in Park 50 640 Jamming Way Into the Aquarium New York Herald Tribune June 1 1934 p 13 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1114852420 Sailors Are Expected to Spend More Than 1 000 000 on Visit Received Pay on Wednesday and Are Ready for 18 Day Stay Costs 12 500 to Feed Fleet Daily Sighting of First Ship Is Cheered on Drive 63 600 at Battery Park Visit Aquarium The New York Times June 1 1934 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 12 2022 Retrieved October 12 2022 City Improves Zoo in Bronx And Aquarium Park Adds 100 000 African Plains Group to Exhibits Pool for Blind Cave Fish The African Plains Begin to Take Form at the New York Zoological Park New York Herald Tribune August 18 1940 p A5 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1243048889 Aquarium Gets Metal Dome to Stop 158 Leaks Fish Object to Tarry Rain Lighting Also Improved New Director Takes Hold New York Herald Tribune July 21 1940 p A2 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1243028704 New Aquarium Is Proposed of Radical Design Dr Breder Acting Head of Institution Writes Plan for Building Which Would Co ordinate Aquatic Life New York Herald Tribune December 9 1938 p 25 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1244629911 Modern Aquarium for the City Is Proposed Would Give Wider Knowledge of Exhibits The New York Times December 9 1938 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 12 2022 Battery Aquarium to Be Demolished Doomed by Brooklyn Tunnel It Will Be Replaced by a Modern One in Bronx The New York Times February 8 1941 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 22 2018 Retrieved March 21 2018 Moses Says Historic Battery Building That Began as Fort in 1807 Will Be Demolished During Construction of Tunnel to Brooklyn New York Herald Tribune February 7 1941 p 1 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1258860043 Fish to Leave Old Home Aquarium to Start Dispersing Thousands of Specimens The New York Times September 23 1941 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 22 2018 Retrieved March 21 2018 Aquarium Bids Fond au Revoir To Its Turtles Sends Them to Philadelphia Building s Past Recalled in Nostalgic Broadcast New York Herald Tribune September 22 1941 p 6 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1320057626 Last 200 Aquarium Fish Dumped Back Into Ocean Five Tagged Sand Sharks and a Sting Ray Among Them New York Herald Tribune October 2 1941 p 47 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1256111214 Caro Robert 1974 The Power Broker Robert Moses and the Fall of New York New York Knopf p 687 ISBN 978 0 394 48076 3 OCLC 834874 Plan of Aquarium at Coney Island Approved Estimate Board Appropriates 450 000 for First Stage Work Starts in Spring The New York Times October 23 1953 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved July 27 2018 Coney Girds for 55 Aquarium Progressing Billboard Nielsen Business Media Inc January 29 1955 p 63 Retrieved July 22 2018 a b Salerno Al October 24 1954 Break Ground for World s Greatest Aquarium at Coney Island Brooklyn Daily Eagle pp 1 21 via Brooklyn Public Library newspapers com Park is Approved at New Aquarium Coney Island Area to Exceed 5 Acres Ground Breaking for Building Sunday The New York Times October 21 1954 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 12 2022 a b Barstow James S October 25 1954 Coney Aquarium Started As Officials Break Ground New York Herald Tribune p 5 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1322561512 a b Aquarium s Start is Hailed at Coney Ground Is Broken for Initial Part of 10 000 000 Project Weather Draws Crowd The New York Times October 25 1954 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 12 2022 Schumach Murray May 12 1957 Noisy Aquarium Springs to Life Painters Carpenters and Fish Preparing for Opening at Coney Island June 5 Ground Broken in 1954 Electric Eels on Hand The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 12 2022 Perlmutter Emanuel February 4 1956 Shortages Delay Aquarium Work Rare Fish May Have to Wait Until 57 to Make Debuts in Huge Bowl at Coney Installations Take 4 Months The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 12 2022 New Aquarium Opens Coney Island Building Draws More Than 8 000 in Day The New York Times June 7 1957 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 12 2022 Gleason Gene June 6 1957 Walrus and Penguin Co star At Dedication of Aquarium New York Herald Tribune p A1 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1325268658 Cook Philip S June 17 1957 Aquarium s Admission Charge Stirs a Dispute New York Herald Tribune p A1 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1327616399 Berger Meyer November 1 1954 About New York Aquariist Is Awash With Problems of Stocking 10 000 000 Aquarium at Coney Island The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 12 2022 Schumach Murray May 31 1957 Two Old Turtles End 16 year Exile They Return From Bermuda to Take Their Place in the Coney Island Aquarium The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 12 2022 A New New York Aquarium Huffington Post Retrieved February 7 2016 NY Whale Dies in Pool Eugene Register Guard Retrieved March 9 2017 Aquarium s Narwhal Is Dead St Petersburg Times Retrieved March 9 2017 Belugas sent to breed Archived January 5 2009 at the Wayback Machine The Neighborhood News New York September 26 2011 p 20 The Neighborhood News New York March 18 2012 Confessore Nicholas October 6 2006 From 3 Finalists in Aquarium s Redesign Swoops Swirls and Great Water Views The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 15 2018 Chung Jen NY Aquarium Goes for Whale of a Design Gothamist Archived from the original on March 12 2018 Retrieved December 15 2018 Enric Ruiz Geli Projects in progress New York Aquarium www ruiz geli com Retrieved December 15 2018 Mindlin Alex March 23 2008 300 000 Gallons of Jaws The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 15 2018 Robert March 3 2008 Swimming with Sharks 67M Coney Fantasy Land Curbed NY Retrieved June 29 2018 Plitt Amy June 29 2018 New York Aquarium s new kinetic shark pavilion opens at Coney Island Curbed NY Retrieved June 29 2018 New York Aquarium damaged by Hurricane Sandy The New York Times Retrieved April 6 2013 Stapinski Helene May 5 2017 Rebuilding the New York Aquarium After Hurricane Sandy The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved May 5 2017 a b New York Aquarium To Debut New Sharks Exhibit June 8 2018 Retrieved June 29 2018 Schneider Katy June 28 2018 What to Know About the New York Aquarium s New Shark Building Daily Intelligencer Retrieved June 29 2018 Kimmelman Michael June 28 2018 Coney Island s Newest Wonder Sharkitecture The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved July 10 2020 Reopen NYC Bronx Zoo New York Aquarium Central Park Zoo Prospect Park Zoo and Queens Zoo reopening on July 24 with safety protocols ABC7 New York July 9 2020 Retrieved July 10 2020 Exhibits New York Aquarium Retrieved September 22 2019 Poffenberger Leah August September 2018 This Month in Physics History American Physical Society Retrieved October 3 2018 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to New York Aquarium Official website New York Aquarium on zooinstitutes com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title New York Aquarium amp oldid 1133829736, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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