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Nation, Religion, King

January 01, 1970

Nation, Religion, King (Khmer: ជាតិ សាសនា ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ, UNGEGN: Chéatĕ, Sasânéa, Preăh Môhaksâtr, ALA-LC: Jāti, Sāsanā, Braḥ Mahāksatr; Thai: ชาติ ศาสนา พระมหากษัตริย์, RTGS: Chat, Satsana, Phra Mahakasat) is a motto and classic hendiatris which serves as an official motto of Cambodia and an unofficial motto in Thailand.

History edit

The Thai slogan, "Chat, Satsana, Phramahakasat" was created by Vajiravudh (Rama VI, 1910-1925) at the beginning of the 20th century.[1] It echoes La Nation, la Loi, le Roi (English: The Nation, the Law, the King) which was the national motto of France during the constitutional period of the French monarchy. After being educated at Sandhurst School during the rise of nationalism in Europe on the eve of World War I, the Thai King may have blended the modern Western concept of nationalism with the older indigenous symbols of kingship and Shangha to encourage loyalty to the nation.[2] During the 1930s Boworadet Rebellion, official propaganda modified the nationalist motto and believed that Nation, Religion, King and Constitution would be the four factors for Siamese unity and independence.[3]

The earliest record of this slogan in Cambodia appears in the preface to the Cultural Committee's serial of world lists carried in the Khmer-language Kambuja Suryia in 1949, but most decisively, Khmer novelist Nhok Them popularized the triad with a book entitled Nation, Religion, King in 1950. Nhok Them had studied in Thailand from 1918 to 1930 at the time of King Rama VI, maybe explaining the translation of the notion, although he never refers it to Thailand in his work.[4]

From 1958 to 1963, Thai Army chief Sarit Thanarat suspended the constitution, dissolved parliament, and banned parties, using the motto Nation, Religion, King but adding, first and foremost, faithfulness to the government.[5] However, in the 1970s, the Thai extreme right-wing Buddhist and anti-communist Nawaphon organization saw itself as "the only group that [was] ready and able to defend the nation, the satsana, and the king."[6]

In 1984, in an attempt to explain this motto, David K. Wyatt referred to it as a "trinitarian mystery in which all three elements were inextricably bound together".[7]

Benedict Anderson compares it with the Shibboleth Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality, "an anticipatory strategy adopted by dominant dynastic groups which are threatened with marginalization or exclusion from an emerging nationally-imagined community".[8]

The Cambodian Constitution of December 1993 integrated Nation, Religion, King as the official motto of the restored monarchy in its fourth article. It in fact matched the "three constants of post-Angkorian Cambodian political history, namely, the Buddhist monarchy, the Theravada Sangha (community of monks), and the village-based society of ethnic lowland Khmer".[2]

Illustration edit

The Nation, Religion, King motto is often represented by the flags of Thailand and Cambodia.

In Cambodia, the motto is reflected in the order of the three national flags of Cambodia that must be raised in all public spaces as reminded in official government directives, with the national flag in the central most important position, than the Buddhist flag and finally the royal standard.[9]

More symbolically in Thailand, the colours of the flag of Thailand are said to stand for nation-religion-king, an unofficial motto of Thailand,[10] red for the land and people, white for religions and blue for the monarchy, the last having been the auspicious colour of Rama VI.

References edit

  1. ^ Harris, Ian (2008-03-11). Cambodian Buddhism: History and Practice. University of Hawaii Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-8248-3298-8.
  2. ^ a b Gyallay-Pap, Peter (2007). "RECONSTRUCTING THE CAMBODIAN POLITY: Buddhism, kingship and the quest for legitimacy". In Harris, Ian (ed.). Buddhism, Power and Political Order. Routledge. p. 72. doi:10.4324/9780203947494. ISBN 978-0-203-94749-4.
  3. ^ Barmé, Scot (1993). Luang Wichit Wathakan and the Creation of a Thai Identity. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 113. ISBN 978-981-3016-58-3.
  4. ^ Sasagawa, Hideo (April 2015). "Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2015, pp. 43–72 43". Southeast Asian Studies. 4 (1). Kyoto University: 48.
  5. ^ Suksamran, Somboon (1981). "Religion, Politics and Development: The Thai Sangha's Role in National Development and Integration". Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science. 9 (1/2): 54–73. doi:10.1163/156853181X00048. ISSN 0303-8246. JSTOR 24490839.
  6. ^ Reynolds, Frank E. (1977). "Civic Religion and National Community in Thailand". The Journal of Asian Studies. 36 (2): 280. doi:10.2307/2053723. ISSN 0021-9118. JSTOR 2053723. S2CID 154861322.
  7. ^ Wyatt, David K. (1984). Thailand: A Short History. Yale University Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-974-07-5389-6.
  8. ^ Anderson, Benedict (1991) [1983]. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso. p. 101. ISBN 0-86091-329-5.
  9. ^ សុខ មករា (2018-03-07). "សារាចរ ស្តីពីការប្រើទង់ជាតិ ទង់សាសនា និងទង់ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ ព្រមទាំងព្រះឆាយាល័ក្ខណ៍ព្រះអង្គទាំង៣" [Circular on the use of national flags, religious flags and royal flags]. រដ្ឋបាលខេត្តកំពង់ធំ.
  10. ^ "Thailand: A Country Study". Country Studies Program, formerly the Army Area Handbook Program, from the Library of Congress. Mongabay.com. Retrieved 23 July 2011. Sarit revived the motto "Nation-Religion-King" as a fighting political slogan for his regime, which he characterized as combining the paternalism of the ancient Thai state and the benevolent ideals of Buddhism.

See also edit

January 01, 1970
nation, religion, king, khmer, សន, មហ, សត, ungegn, chéatĕ, sasânéa, preăh, môhaksâtr, jāti, sāsanā, braḥ, mahāksatr, thai, ชาต, ศาสนา, พระมหากษ, ตร, rtgs, chat, satsana, phra, mahakasat, motto, classic, hendiatris, which, serves, official, motto, cambodia, uno. Nation Religion King Khmer ជ ត ស សន ព រ មហ ក សត រ UNGEGN Cheatĕ Sasanea Preăh Mohaksatr ALA LC Jati Sasana Braḥ Mahaksatr Thai chati sasna phramhakstriy RTGS Chat Satsana Phra Mahakasat is a motto and classic hendiatris which serves as an official motto of Cambodia and an unofficial motto in Thailand Contents 1 History 2 Illustration 3 References 4 See alsoHistory editThe Thai slogan Chat Satsana Phramahakasat was created by Vajiravudh Rama VI 1910 1925 at the beginning of the 20th century 1 It echoes La Nation la Loi le Roi English The Nation the Law the King which was the national motto of France during the constitutional period of the French monarchy After being educated at Sandhurst School during the rise of nationalism in Europe on the eve of World War I the Thai King may have blended the modern Western concept of nationalism with the older indigenous symbols of kingship and Shangha to encourage loyalty to the nation 2 During the 1930s Boworadet Rebellion official propaganda modified the nationalist motto and believed that Nation Religion King and Constitution would be the four factors for Siamese unity and independence 3 The earliest record of this slogan in Cambodia appears in the preface to the Cultural Committee s serial of world lists carried in the Khmer language Kambuja Suryia in 1949 but most decisively Khmer novelist Nhok Them popularized the triad with a book entitled Nation Religion King in 1950 Nhok Them had studied in Thailand from 1918 to 1930 at the time of King Rama VI maybe explaining the translation of the notion although he never refers it to Thailand in his work 4 From 1958 to 1963 Thai Army chief Sarit Thanarat suspended the constitution dissolved parliament and banned parties using the motto Nation Religion King but adding first and foremost faithfulness to the government 5 However in the 1970s the Thai extreme right wing Buddhist and anti communist Nawaphon organization saw itself as the only group that was ready and able to defend the nation the satsana and the king 6 In 1984 in an attempt to explain this motto David K Wyatt referred to it as a trinitarian mystery in which all three elements were inextricably bound together 7 Benedict Anderson compares it with the Shibboleth Orthodoxy Autocracy and Nationality an anticipatory strategy adopted by dominant dynastic groups which are threatened with marginalization or exclusion from an emerging nationally imagined community 8 The Cambodian Constitution of December 1993 integrated Nation Religion King as the official motto of the restored monarchy in its fourth article It in fact matched the three constants of post Angkorian Cambodian political history namely the Buddhist monarchy the Theravada Sangha community of monks and the village based society of ethnic lowland Khmer 2 Illustration editThe Nation Religion King motto is often represented by the flags of Thailand and Cambodia In Cambodia the motto is reflected in the order of the three national flags of Cambodia that must be raised in all public spaces as reminded in official government directives with the national flag in the central most important position than the Buddhist flag and finally the royal standard 9 More symbolically in Thailand the colours of the flag of Thailand are said to stand for nation religion king an unofficial motto of Thailand 10 red for the land and people white for religions and blue for the monarchy the last having been the auspicious colour of Rama VI References edit Harris Ian 2008 03 11 Cambodian Buddhism History and Practice University of Hawaii Press p 295 ISBN 978 0 8248 3298 8 a b Gyallay Pap Peter 2007 RECONSTRUCTING THE CAMBODIAN POLITY Buddhism kingship and the quest for legitimacy In Harris Ian ed Buddhism Power and Political Order Routledge p 72 doi 10 4324 9780203947494 ISBN 978 0 203 94749 4 Barme Scot 1993 Luang Wichit Wathakan and the Creation of a Thai Identity Institute of Southeast Asian Studies p 113 ISBN 978 981 3016 58 3 Sasagawa Hideo April 2015 Southeast Asian Studies Vol 4 No 1 April 2015 pp 43 72 43 Southeast Asian Studies 4 1 Kyoto University 48 Suksamran Somboon 1981 Religion Politics and Development The Thai Sangha s Role in National Development and Integration Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 9 1 2 54 73 doi 10 1163 156853181X00048 ISSN 0303 8246 JSTOR 24490839 Reynolds Frank E 1977 Civic Religion and National Community in Thailand The Journal of Asian Studies 36 2 280 doi 10 2307 2053723 ISSN 0021 9118 JSTOR 2053723 S2CID 154861322 Wyatt David K 1984 Thailand A Short History Yale University Press p 229 ISBN 978 974 07 5389 6 Anderson Benedict 1991 1983 Imagined Communities Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism London Verso p 101 ISBN 0 86091 329 5 ស ខ មករ 2018 03 07 ស រ ចរ ស ត ព ក រប រ ទង ជ ត ទង ស សន ន ងទង ព រ មហ ក សត រ ព រមទ ងព រ ឆ យ ល ក ខណ ព រ អង គទ ង៣ Circular on the use of national flags religious flags and royal flags រដ ឋប លខ ត តក ពង ធ Thailand A Country Study Country Studies Program formerly the Army Area Handbook Program from the Library of Congress Mongabay com Retrieved 23 July 2011 Sarit revived the motto Nation Religion King as a fighting political slogan for his regime which he characterized as combining the paternalism of the ancient Thai state and the benevolent ideals of Buddhism See also editOrthodoxy Autocracy and Nationality Ideological doctrine of Nicholas I of Russia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nation Religion King amp oldid 1220516106, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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