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Nashville Student Movement

April 26, 2024

The Nashville Student Movement was an organization that challenged racial segregation in Nashville, Tennessee, during the Civil Rights Movement. It was created during workshops in nonviolence taught by James Lawson. The students from this organization initiated the Nashville sit-ins in 1960. They were regarded as the most disciplined and effective of the student movement participants during 1960.[1] The Nashville Student Movement was key in establishing leadership in the Freedom Riders.[2]

Nashville Student Movement
Location of former headquarters of the Nashville Student Movement
AbbreviationNSM
Founded atNashville, Tennessee
PurposeTo challenge segregation in Nashville's public accommodations
Location
MethodsNonviolence
LeaderJames Lawson
James Bevel and Diane Nash

Members of the Nashville Student Movement, who went on to lead many of the activities and create and direct many of the strategies of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, included Diane Nash, Bernard Lafayette, James Bevel, John Lewis, C. T. Vivian, Jim Zwerg, and others.[3][4]

Protesters intentionally dressed 'sharp' during protests in anticipation of their arrests.[5]

Prominent figures of the Civil Rights Movement, such as Martin Luther King Jr., recognized the brilliance of the Nashville Student Movement. King praised the individuals of this movement for their amazingly organized and highly disciplined attitudes.[6] The Nashville Student Movement, using Gandhian methods, shone a light on the proficiency of these nonviolent methods, which ultimately allowed for the 1960s movements to have the success they had. Nonviolent methods and tactics allowed for the message to travel further and led to the Nashville Student movement becoming a pillar of success during the age of the Civil Rights Movement.[7] An impressive accomplishment achieved by the actions of the Nashville Student Movement, was the ending of segregation in Nashville.[8] This helped Nashville lead the way for desegregation in the United States and acted as an example for other American cities to follow. Lawson, a vitally important member of the movement, served as an effective mentor for the younger generation, and using his knowledge of nonviolence which he gained by religious practices he helped others use pacifism as a method for ending Jim Crow laws.[9]

Response edit

The Nashville Student Movement received praise from Civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.[10]

Legacy edit

The Children, a 1999 book by David Halberstam, chronicles the participants and actions of the Nashville students.[11][12][13]

The establishment of the Nashville Student Movement was covered in John Lewis' 2013 graphic novel March: Book One and its animated series adaptation.[14][15]

A marker called the "Nashville Student Movement Office" was placed at 21st Avenue North and Jefferson Street to commemorate the civil rights protests in Nashville.[16]

Tourism officials in Nashville and Tennessee overall have made efforts to make the civil rights movement in Nashville as a historical tourist attraction. Efforts began in January 2018, and six Nashville locations were made a part of the U.S. Civil Rights Trail across various Southern states, a collection of different Civil Rights locations.[17]

Nashville became an important site for civil rights activism because of the segregation and racial discrimination that continued in that city. The south was a notorious location for racism and white supremacy, as the demographic was predominately white compared to African Americans. Within Nashville there were four known colleges, which today are known as HBCUs (Historical Black Colleges & Universities). The students that attended these universities experienced various forms of discrimination outside on the streets of Nashville. Many of them decided to stand up and join together to for their rights. These students joined alongside Reverend James Lawson (activist), who orchestrated lessons on nonviolence. A majority of these lessons took place at Clark Memorial United Methodist Church on 14th Avenue North. Even one of the participants from the organization stated, "Clark was the birthplace of the civil rights movement in Nashville." Proceeding with the sit-ins, on the morning of February 27, 82 of the activists were arrested and trailed together on the same day. Of the 82 participants 77 were black students and five were white students. The mass arrests made the court only give them a choice between jail time and paying a fine. The racism that many African Americans had encountered in their daily life was what many had considered to be the cultural leftovers from history. After much success from other historical civil rights movements such as Brown v. Board of Education, Louisiana bus boycott, and the Alabama bus boycott, segregation and racism continued. The Nashville Student Movement tried using the Gandhian approach to nonviolent protests to bring an end to legal segregation in the South.

See also edit

Bibliography edit

  • Cornfield, Daniel B.; Coley, Johnathan S.; Isaac, Larry W.; Dickerson, Dennis C. (2021). " The Making of a Movement: An Intergenerational Mobilization Model of the Nonviolent Nashville Civil Rights Movement. Cambridge University Press.
    • This is a peer reviewed article published by a University press. Which summarizes the Nashville Civil Rights Movement as a whole, while touching on the nonviolent methods used in the Nashville Student Movement
  • Dickerson, Dennis C. (2014). "James M. Lawson Jr.: methodism, nonviolence and the civil rights movement". United Methodist Church, General Commission on Archives & History.
    • This is a peer reviewed article which gives background information for James Lawson. A prominent and influential figure of the Nashville Student Movement
  • Summer, David E. (1995). "Nashville, nonviolence, and the newspapers: The convergence of social goals with news values". The Howard Journal of Communications.
    • This is a peer reviewed article which gives a unique perspective to the Nashville Students Movement. Discussing the perspective of the movement for the media and newspapers, while also giving a detailed summary of the movement itself.

References edit

  1. ^ Turner, Jeffrey A. (2010). Sitting In and Speaking Out: Student Movements in the American South, 1960-1970. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. pp. 50–56. ISBN 9780820335933.
  2. ^ "UT-Martin Civil Rights Conference includes Native American Civil Rights struggles in Tennessee". Clarksville Online. February 24, 2009. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
  3. ^ Hall, Heide (March 2, 2017). "Diane Nash refused to give her power away". Tennessean. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  4. ^ Anderson, Cynthia (October 18, 2018). "Civil Rights History Brings Tourists to Nashville". The Tennessee Tribute. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  5. ^ Gonzales, Tony (November 20, 2016). "Newly Discovered, These 1960s Nashville Police Mugshots Of John Lewis Take On New Meaning Today". Nashville Public Radio. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
  6. ^ Summer, David E. (1995). "Nashville, Nonviolence, and the newspapers: The convergence of social values with news values". https://web-p-ebscohost-com.
  7. ^ Cornfield, Daniel B.; Coley, Jonathan S.; Isaac, Larry W.; Dickerson, Dennis C. (2021). "The Making of a Movement: An Intergenerational Mobilization Model of the Nonviolent Nashville Civil Rights Movement". Social Science History. 45 (3): 469–494. doi:10.1017/ssh.2021.18. ISSN 0145-5532. S2CID 239742113.
  8. ^ Cornfield, Daniel B.; Coley, Jonathan S.; Isaac, Larry W.; Dickerson, Dennis C. (2021). "The Making of a Movement: An Intergenerational Mobilization Model of the Nonviolent Nashville Civil Rights Movement". Social Science History. 45 (3): 469–494. doi:10.1017/ssh.2021.18. ISSN 0145-5532. S2CID 239742113.
  9. ^ Dickerson, Dennis C. (2014). "James M. Lawson, Jr.: methodism, nonviolence and the civil rights movement".
  10. ^ Rodgers, D. Patrick; Fox, Carrington; Haruch, Steve; Silverman, Jack; Ridley, Jim; Kreyling, Christine; Spurgeon, Ashley; Franklin, Dana Kopp; Lind, J.R.; Hutson, Laura; Jones, Elizabeth; Hyde, Hannah (February 7, 2013). "How did Nashville get to be the 'It' City? Our timeline is full of 'it.'". Nashville Scene. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
  11. ^ Hayden, Tom (1998-03-22). "THE CHILDREN. By David Halberstam. Random House: 784 pp., $29.95". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
  12. ^ "David Halberstam Accepts 1999 Melcher Prize and Speaks on "The Children"". Unitarian Universalist Association. 2012-04-03. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
  13. ^ "Halberstam's 'Best-Brightest' Blunder". Consortium News. May 17, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
  14. ^ "Bill Clinton Endorses Comic Book". Huffington Post. July 30, 2013. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
  15. ^ Whitbrook, James (April 26, 2016). "John Lewis' Acclaimed Graphic Novel March Is Becoming an Animated Series". io9. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
  16. ^ "Marker In Nashville Honors Civil Rights Movement". News Channel 5. May 17, 2018. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  17. ^ Anderson, Cynthia (October 18, 2018). "Civil Rights History Brings Tourists to Nashville". The Tennessee Tribune. Retrieved November 3, 2018.

External links edit

April 26, 2024
nashville, student, movement, organization, that, challenged, racial, segregation, nashville, tennessee, during, civil, rights, movement, created, during, workshops, nonviolence, taught, james, lawson, students, from, this, organization, initiated, nashville, . The Nashville Student Movement was an organization that challenged racial segregation in Nashville Tennessee during the Civil Rights Movement It was created during workshops in nonviolence taught by James Lawson The students from this organization initiated the Nashville sit ins in 1960 They were regarded as the most disciplined and effective of the student movement participants during 1960 1 The Nashville Student Movement was key in establishing leadership in the Freedom Riders 2 Nashville Student MovementLocation of former headquarters of the Nashville Student MovementAbbreviationNSMFounded atNashville TennesseePurposeTo challenge segregation in Nashville s public accommodationsLocationNashville Tennessee United StatesMethodsNonviolenceLeaderJames LawsonStrategistJames Bevel and Diane Nash Members of the Nashville Student Movement who went on to lead many of the activities and create and direct many of the strategies of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement included Diane Nash Bernard Lafayette James Bevel John Lewis C T Vivian Jim Zwerg and others 3 4 Protesters intentionally dressed sharp during protests in anticipation of their arrests 5 Prominent figures of the Civil Rights Movement such as Martin Luther King Jr recognized the brilliance of the Nashville Student Movement King praised the individuals of this movement for their amazingly organized and highly disciplined attitudes 6 The Nashville Student Movement using Gandhian methods shone a light on the proficiency of these nonviolent methods which ultimately allowed for the 1960s movements to have the success they had Nonviolent methods and tactics allowed for the message to travel further and led to the Nashville Student movement becoming a pillar of success during the age of the Civil Rights Movement 7 An impressive accomplishment achieved by the actions of the Nashville Student Movement was the ending of segregation in Nashville 8 This helped Nashville lead the way for desegregation in the United States and acted as an example for other American cities to follow Lawson a vitally important member of the movement served as an effective mentor for the younger generation and using his knowledge of nonviolence which he gained by religious practices he helped others use pacifism as a method for ending Jim Crow laws 9 Contents 1 Response 2 Legacy 3 See also 4 Bibliography 5 References 6 External linksResponse editThe Nashville Student Movement received praise from Civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr 10 Legacy editThe Children a 1999 book by David Halberstam chronicles the participants and actions of the Nashville students 11 12 13 The establishment of the Nashville Student Movement was covered in John Lewis 2013 graphic novel March Book One and its animated series adaptation 14 15 A marker called the Nashville Student Movement Office was placed at 21st Avenue North and Jefferson Street to commemorate the civil rights protests in Nashville 16 Tourism officials in Nashville and Tennessee overall have made efforts to make the civil rights movement in Nashville as a historical tourist attraction Efforts began in January 2018 and six Nashville locations were made a part of the U S Civil Rights Trail across various Southern states a collection of different Civil Rights locations 17 Nashville became an important site for civil rights activism because of the segregation and racial discrimination that continued in that city The south was a notorious location for racism and white supremacy as the demographic was predominately white compared to African Americans Within Nashville there were four known colleges which today are known as HBCUs Historical Black Colleges amp Universities The students that attended these universities experienced various forms of discrimination outside on the streets of Nashville Many of them decided to stand up and join together to for their rights These students joined alongside Reverend James Lawson activist who orchestrated lessons on nonviolence A majority of these lessons took place at Clark Memorial United Methodist Church on 14th Avenue North Even one of the participants from the organization stated Clark was the birthplace of the civil rights movement in Nashville Proceeding with the sit ins on the morning of February 27 82 of the activists were arrested and trailed together on the same day Of the 82 participants 77 were black students and five were white students The mass arrests made the court only give them a choice between jail time and paying a fine The racism that many African Americans had encountered in their daily life was what many had considered to be the cultural leftovers from history After much success from other historical civil rights movements such as Brown v Board of Education Louisiana bus boycott and the Alabama bus boycott segregation and racism continued The Nashville Student Movement tried using the Gandhian approach to nonviolent protests to bring an end to legal segregation in the South See also editRodney N PowellBibliography editCornfield Daniel B Coley Johnathan S Isaac Larry W Dickerson Dennis C 2021 The Making of a Movement An Intergenerational Mobilization Model of the Nonviolent Nashville Civil Rights Movement Cambridge University Press This is a peer reviewed article published by a University press Which summarizes the Nashville Civil Rights Movement as a whole while touching on the nonviolent methods used in the Nashville Student Movement Dickerson Dennis C 2014 James M Lawson Jr methodism nonviolence and the civil rights movement United Methodist Church General Commission on Archives amp History This is a peer reviewed article which gives background information for James Lawson A prominent and influential figure of the Nashville Student Movement Summer David E 1995 Nashville nonviolence and the newspapers The convergence of social goals with news values The Howard Journal of Communications This is a peer reviewed article which gives a unique perspective to the Nashville Students Movement Discussing the perspective of the movement for the media and newspapers while also giving a detailed summary of the movement itself References edit Turner Jeffrey A 2010 Sitting In and Speaking Out Student Movements in the American South 1960 1970 Athens Georgia University of Georgia Press pp 50 56 ISBN 9780820335933 UT Martin Civil Rights Conference includes Native American Civil Rights struggles in Tennessee Clarksville Online February 24 2009 Retrieved November 4 2018 Hall Heide March 2 2017 Diane Nash refused to give her power away Tennessean Retrieved November 7 2018 Anderson Cynthia October 18 2018 Civil Rights History Brings Tourists to Nashville The Tennessee Tribute Retrieved November 7 2018 Gonzales Tony November 20 2016 Newly Discovered These 1960s Nashville Police Mugshots Of John Lewis Take On New Meaning Today Nashville Public Radio Retrieved November 4 2018 Summer David E 1995 Nashville Nonviolence and the newspapers The convergence of social values with news values https web p ebscohost com Cornfield Daniel B Coley Jonathan S Isaac Larry W Dickerson Dennis C 2021 The Making of a Movement An Intergenerational Mobilization Model of the Nonviolent Nashville Civil Rights Movement Social Science History 45 3 469 494 doi 10 1017 ssh 2021 18 ISSN 0145 5532 S2CID 239742113 Cornfield Daniel B Coley Jonathan S Isaac Larry W Dickerson Dennis C 2021 The Making of a Movement An Intergenerational Mobilization Model of the Nonviolent Nashville Civil Rights Movement Social Science History 45 3 469 494 doi 10 1017 ssh 2021 18 ISSN 0145 5532 S2CID 239742113 Dickerson Dennis C 2014 James M Lawson Jr methodism nonviolence and the civil rights movement Rodgers D Patrick Fox Carrington Haruch Steve Silverman Jack Ridley Jim Kreyling Christine Spurgeon Ashley Franklin Dana Kopp Lind J R Hutson Laura Jones Elizabeth Hyde Hannah February 7 2013 How did Nashville get to be the It City Our timeline is full of it Nashville Scene Retrieved November 4 2018 Hayden Tom 1998 03 22 THE CHILDREN By David Halberstam Random House 784 pp 29 95 Los Angeles Times ISSN 0458 3035 Retrieved 2018 05 23 David Halberstam Accepts 1999 Melcher Prize and Speaks on The Children Unitarian Universalist Association 2012 04 03 Retrieved 2018 05 23 Halberstam s Best Brightest Blunder Consortium News May 17 2011 Retrieved November 4 2018 Bill Clinton Endorses Comic Book Huffington Post July 30 2013 Retrieved November 4 2018 Whitbrook James April 26 2016 John Lewis Acclaimed Graphic Novel March Is Becoming an Animated Series io9 Retrieved November 4 2018 Marker In Nashville Honors Civil Rights Movement News Channel 5 May 17 2018 Retrieved November 3 2018 Anderson Cynthia October 18 2018 Civil Rights History Brings Tourists to Nashville The Tennessee Tribune Retrieved November 3 2018 Cornfield Daniel B Coley Johnathan S Isaac Larry W Dickerson Dennis C 2021 The Making of a Movement An Intergenerational Mobilization Model of the Nonviolent Nashville Civil Rights Movement Cambridge University Press https www cambridge org core journals social science history article making of a movement an intergenerational mobilization model of the nonviolent nashville civil rights movement 0C650004891CADD24B1F15F6A5DDBCFC Dickerson Dennis C 2014 James M Lawson Jr methodism nonviolence and the civil rights movement United Methodist Church General Commission on Archives amp History https go gale com sunyoldwestbury idm oclc org ps i do p AONE amp u oldwestbury amp id GALE 7CA3783693External links editStaff The Tennessean Complete Coverage The Civil Rights Movement in Nashville The Tennessean Nashville Tennessean 2 Mar 2017 https www tennessean com story news local 2017 03 02 complete coverage civil rights movement nashville 98648442 Madeo Feb 13 1960 Nashville Students Launch Protest Face Violence and Jail Time Home https calendar eji org racial injustice feb 13 Clark Amanda D Coy Patrick G 2015 Civil Rights Social Movements and Domestic Policy The 1960 Nashville Student Sit In Movement Understanding Nonviolence Contours and Contexts https www s3 live kent edu s3fs root s3fs public file Clark 20 26 20Coy 20Civil 20Rts 20Policy 20 26 20Nashville 20Sit ins 202015 pdf Nashville s Historically Black Colleges amp Universities Visit Nashville TN 28 Oct 2021 https www visitmusiccity com welcome black hbcu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nashville Student Movement amp oldid 1213202082, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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