Nasîhatnâme (Ottoman Turkish: نصيحت نامه, Naṣīḥat-nāme) were a type of guidance letter for Ottoman sultans, similar to mirrors for princes.[1] They draw on a variety of historical and religious sources, and were influenced by the governance of previous empires such as the Seljuk Turks or the Mongols, as well as by early Muslim history and by contemporary events.
Nasîhatnâme became common in the sixteenth century[2] but built on earlier works such as the Kutadgu Bilig (Knowledge of Prosperity), written in 1070 by Yusuf Has Hacip. Early influences include the inşa literature of the Abbasid era.[3] Some refer to Alexander the Great.[4]
However, nasîhatnâme are different from ByzantineChronographia, and were written for a different audience.[5]
Nasîhatnâme were even commissioned by aspirants to Ottoman government - including, in one case, by the Phanariot Alexandros Skarlatou Kallimaki, the probable father of Skarlatos Voyvodas Alexandrou Kallimaki.[6]
By the 17th century, a sense of imperial decline began to affect the content of these texts; more than just advocating a return to some golden age (i.e. Suleyman the Magnificent) they highlighted specific systemic problems in the empire - including nepotism, revolts, military defeat, and corrupt Janissaries.[4]
Content
Nasîhatnâme typically state a clear moral reason for why they are written and presented to leaders; whether piety, or morality, or realpolitik.[7]
Examples
Precursors
Nasihat al-Muluk (نصيحةالملوك) (literally "advice for rulers") by al-Ghazali
Hussain Vaiz Kashifi's Aklhaq i Muhsini (composed in Persian AH 900/AD 1495), translated into English as "The Morals Of The Beneficent" in the mid 19th century by Henry George Keene
^Third Congress on the Social and Economic History of Turkey. Varia Turcica. 1990. ISBN9780941469012.
^Faroqhi, Suraiya (2011). The Ottoman Empire and the world around it. I. B. Tauris. p. 27. ISBN978-1-84511-122-9.
^Gully, Adrian (2008-02-07). The Culture of Letter-Writing in Pre-Modern Islamic Society. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN9780748633746.
^ abcdİnan, Kenan. "Remembering the Good Old Days: the Ottoman Nasihatname [Advice Letters] Literature of the 17th Century". Ideology, Society and Values.
^The Ottomans and the Balkans: A Discussion of Historiography. Brill. 2002. pp. 199. ISBN9789004119024.
^Philiou (2011). Biography of an Empire: Governing Ottomans in an Age of Revolution. p. 30. ISBN9780520266339.
^"Comité international d'études pré-ottomanes et ottomanes, VIth Symposium". Varia Turcica. 4: 191. 1987.
^"Tursun Beg, Historian of Mehmed the Conqueror's Time". Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes. 69: 55–71. 1977.
^Lowry (2003). The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. pp. 17. ISBN9780791456354.
March 19, 2023
nasîhat, nâme, ottoman, turkish, نصيحت, نامه, naṣīḥat, nāme, were, type, guidance, letter, ottoman, sultans, similar, mirrors, princes, they, draw, variety, historical, religious, sources, were, influenced, governance, previous, empires, such, seljuk, turks, m. Nasihatname Ottoman Turkish نصيحت نامه Naṣiḥat name were a type of guidance letter for Ottoman sultans similar to mirrors for princes 1 They draw on a variety of historical and religious sources and were influenced by the governance of previous empires such as the Seljuk Turks or the Mongols as well as by early Muslim history and by contemporary events Contents 1 History 2 Content 3 Examples 3 1 Precursors 3 2 Nasihatname texts 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory EditNasihatname became common in the sixteenth century 2 but built on earlier works such as the Kutadgu Bilig Knowledge of Prosperity written in 1070 by Yusuf Has Hacip Early influences include the insa literature of the Abbasid era 3 Some refer to Alexander the Great 4 However nasihatname are different from Byzantine Chronographia and were written for a different audience 5 Nasihatname were even commissioned by aspirants to Ottoman government including in one case by the Phanariot Alexandros Skarlatou Kallimaki the probable father of Skarlatos Voyvodas Alexandrou Kallimaki 6 By the 17th century a sense of imperial decline began to affect the content of these texts more than just advocating a return to some golden age i e Suleyman the Magnificent they highlighted specific systemic problems in the empire including nepotism revolts military defeat and corrupt Janissaries 4 Content EditNasihatname typically state a clear moral reason for why they are written and presented to leaders whether piety or morality or realpolitik 7 Examples EditPrecursors Edit Nasihat al Muluk نصيحةالملوك literally advice for rulers by al Ghazali Kabusnama قابوسنامه by Keykavus bin Iskender Siyasetname سياستنامه by Nizamulmulk written by order of the Seljuk emperor Meliksah Ahlak i Nasiri اخلاق ناصرى Nasirian Ethics by Nasiruddin Tusi Cahar Makala Four Discourses by Nizamuddin Arudi Kitab Nasihat al Mulk by Al Mawardi Hussain Vaiz Kashifi s Aklhaq i Muhsini composed in Persian AH 900 AD 1495 translated into English as The Morals Of The Beneficent in the mid 19th century by Henry George Keene Al Muqaddimah by ibn Khaldun The Biographies of Illustrious Men by ibn Zafar as SiqilliNasihatname texts Edit Tarih i Ebu l Feth History of the father of conquest by Tursun Bey 8 Destan ve Tevarih i Muluk i Al i Osman by Ahmedi 9 The Asafname Mirror for Rulers by Lutfi Pasha Nushatu s Selatin Advice to the sultans by Gelibolulu Mustafa Ali 4 Ravzatu l Ḥuseyn fi ḫulaṣati aḫbari l ḫafiḳeyn by Mustafa Naima Hirzu l Muluk Spells of the sultans anonymously written Usulu l hikem fi Nizami l alem The principles of wisdom for the order of the world by Hasan Kafi el Akhisari Habname Book of dreams by Veysi 4 Kitab i Mustetab Beautiful book anonymous Risale Koci Bey Veliyuddin Telhisleri Kanunname i sultani li Aziz Efendi the identity of the author Aziz Efendi is unclear Kitabu mesalihi l muslimin ve menafi i l muminin anonymous Dusturu l Amel li Islahi l Halel by Katip Celebi Telhisu l beyan fi kavanin i al i Osman by Hezarfan Huseyin Efendi who also wrote the history book Tenkih i Tevarih i MulukSee also EditFatwa Fiqh Hidayah Islamic advice literature Mirrors for princes SiyasatnamaReferences Edit Third Congress on the Social and Economic History of Turkey Varia Turcica 1990 ISBN 9780941469012 Faroqhi Suraiya 2011 The Ottoman Empire and the world around it I B Tauris p 27 ISBN 978 1 84511 122 9 Gully Adrian 2008 02 07 The Culture of Letter Writing in Pre Modern Islamic Society Edinburgh University Press ISBN 9780748633746 a b c d Inan Kenan Remembering the Good Old Days the Ottoman Nasihatname Advice Letters Literature of the 17th Century Ideology Society and Values The Ottomans and the Balkans A Discussion of Historiography Brill 2002 pp 199 ISBN 9789004119024 Philiou 2011 Biography of an Empire Governing Ottomans in an Age of Revolution p 30 ISBN 9780520266339 Comite international d etudes pre ottomanes et ottomanes VIth Symposium Varia Turcica 4 191 1987 Tursun Beg Historian of Mehmed the Conqueror s Time Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes 69 55 71 1977 Lowry 2003 The Nature of the Early Ottoman State pp 17 ISBN 9780791456354 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nasihat amp oldid 1049932877, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
