Żmichowska became governess for the noble House of Zamoyski in 1838. She went with her employer to Paris, where she reunited with her brother Erazm, Polish revolutionary, exiled from the Russian Partition after the anti-Tsarist November Uprising crushed by the imperial army. Her brother's political and social views greatly influenced Narcyza. On his advice, she enrolled at the Bibliothèque Nationale, and became one of the first women at the French Academy ever.[1][2][3]
Her stay in France completely changed Żmichowska. She began to publicly express her radicalized views about women; dubbed by her bourgeois surroundings as "an excentric". She smoked cigars, which was prohibited to women. Her perfect knowledge of French enabled Narcyza to find new employment easily upon her return to occupied Poland. She became governess to four children of Stanisław Kisielecki at an estate near Łomża. She travelled to Warsaw frequently, where she met with other intellectuals. She debuted in the literary magazine Pierwiosnek (Primrose), and wrote regularly for other Polish magazines under the Russian censorship including Pielgrzym (edited by Eleonora Ziemięcka) and Przegląd Naukowy, where other women published as well. Żmichowska founded a group of Suffragettes in Warsaw active in 1842–1849, who also took part in anti-Tsarist activities.[1][2][3] She was arrested by the Russians in Lublin and sentenced to three years in prison in 1849 for her membership in the delegalized Związek Narodu Polskiego (pl).[4]
Żmichowska's first novel published in 1846 was Poganka (The Heathen), in which she is known to have expressed interest in her friend Paulina Zbyszewska. The book was published by Northern Illinois University Press in 2012 in English translation by Dr Ursula Phillips.[1] Letters to friends and family written by Żmichowska were published in five volumes by Wrocław University in 1960. There, she also expressed interest in a married man, Edward Dembowski, which led to a known scandal. Her correspondence with Bibianna Moraczewska (an unmarried woman by choice like Narcyza) spanning 32 years consisted mostly of intellectual discourses.[1]
This article incorporates information from the equivalent article on the Polish Wikipedia.
January 26, 2023
narcyza, Żmichowska, pronounced, narˈt, sɨza, ʐmʲiˈxɔfska, warsaw, march, 1819, december, 1876, warsaw, also, known, under, popular, name, gabryella, polish, novelist, poet, considered, precursor, feminism, poland, born, 1819, march, 1819warsaw, congress, pola. Narcyza Zmichowska pronounced narˈt sɨza ʐmʲiˈxɔfska Warsaw 4 March 1819 24 December 1876 Warsaw also known under her popular pen name Gabryella was a Polish novelist and poet She is considered a precursor of feminism in Poland Narcyza ZmichowskaBorn 1819 03 04 4 March 1819Warsaw Congress PolandDied24 December 1876 1876 12 24 aged 57 Warsaw Congress PolandPen nameGabryellaOccupationGovernessLanguagePolishNationalityPolishGenreFeminist novelist and poetLiterary movementModernismNotable worksThe Heathen Contents 1 Life 2 Works 3 See also 4 ReferencesLife EditZmichowska became governess for the noble House of Zamoyski in 1838 She went with her employer to Paris where she reunited with her brother Erazm Polish revolutionary exiled from the Russian Partition after the anti Tsarist November Uprising crushed by the imperial army Her brother s political and social views greatly influenced Narcyza On his advice she enrolled at the Bibliotheque Nationale and became one of the first women at the French Academy ever 1 2 3 Narcyza Zmichowska by Wladyslaw Radzikowski bust at the Historical Museum of Krakow 1880s Her stay in France completely changed Zmichowska She began to publicly express her radicalized views about women dubbed by her bourgeois surroundings as an excentric She smoked cigars which was prohibited to women Her perfect knowledge of French enabled Narcyza to find new employment easily upon her return to occupied Poland She became governess to four children of Stanislaw Kisielecki at an estate near Lomza She travelled to Warsaw frequently where she met with other intellectuals She debuted in the literary magazine Pierwiosnek Primrose and wrote regularly for other Polish magazines under the Russian censorship including Pielgrzym edited by Eleonora Ziemiecka and Przeglad Naukowy where other women published as well Zmichowska founded a group of Suffragettes in Warsaw active in 1842 1849 who also took part in anti Tsarist activities 1 2 3 She was arrested by the Russians in Lublin and sentenced to three years in prison in 1849 for her membership in the delegalized Zwiazek Narodu Polskiego pl 4 Zmichowska s first novel published in 1846 was Poganka The Heathen in which she is known to have expressed interest in her friend Paulina Zbyszewska The book was published by Northern Illinois University Press in 2012 in English translation by Dr Ursula Phillips 1 Letters to friends and family written by Zmichowska were published in five volumes by Wroclaw University in 1960 There she also expressed interest in a married man Edward Dembowski which led to a known scandal Her correspondence with Bibianna Moraczewska an unmarried woman by choice like Narcyza spanning 32 years consisted mostly of intellectual discourses 1 Works EditPoganka The Heathen OCLC 10016526 Ksiazka pamiatek The Book of Mementos Dwoiste zycie Double Life Czy to powiesc Is that a Novel OCLC 26836636 Sciezki przez zycie Paths through Life OCLC 4232707 Biala roza White Rose OCLC 28856696 Wolne chwile Gabryelli Gabriela s Free Moments Wyklad nauk przeznaczonych do pomocy w domowym wychowaniu panien Lectures on Bringing up Girls Wybor powiesci Collection of Novels and Novellas OCLC 3277138See also EditList of feminist literature 1840sReferences Edit a b c d Maria Wozniakiewicz Dziadosz Dzieje przyjazni entuzjastek w swietle listow Narcyzy Zmichowskiej do Bibianny Moraczewskiej PDF file direct download 81 7 KB Lublin University a b Marta Mizuro Barbara Winklowa Narcyza Zmichowska i Wanda Zelenska ISBN 978 83 08 03496 5 Onet pl book review a b A Gruszczynska Slady ruchu lesbijskiego University of Wroclaw Zmichowska Narcyza Internetowa encyklopedia PWN Archived from the original on October 25 2014 Retrieved 25 October 2014 This article incorporates information from the equivalent article on the Polish Wikipedia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Narcyza Zmichowska amp oldid 1097699018, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
