The CJ-6 (Chu Jiao 初教 = Chuji Jiaolianji 初级教练机 = basic trainer aircraft) is an all-original Chinese design that is commonly mistaken for a Yak-18A. Its predecessor, the Nanchang CJ-5, was a licence-built version of the Yak-18. However, advancements in pilot training brought a need for a new aircraft with improved performance and a tricycle landing gear. When the Soviet Union developed the Yak-18A, PLAAF engineers decided that its performance and design would not suit China's needs.[1]
The aircraft was designed in 1958 by the Nanchang Aircraft Factory (now Hongdu Aviation). As the Shenyang Aircraft Factory already had experience building the Shenyang JJ-1 begun technical research for the CJ-6, more than 20 Shenyang designers were transferred to Nanchang, including chief designers Tu Jida and Lin Jiahua.[2]Xu Shunshou and Huang Zhiqian, then China's top aircraft designers, were also involved.[1]
During late 1957 Aeronautical Engineers Cheng Bushi and Lin Jiahua began work in Shenyang on a trainer design that addressed the shortcomings of the Yak-18A. The design they delivered featured an aluminum semi-monocoque fuselage, flush-riveted throughout, and introduced a modified Clark airfoil wing design with pronounced dihedral in the outer sections. The dihedral and an angular vertical tail distinguish it externally from the otherwise vaguely similar Yak-18A. Wind tunnel testing validated the design, and in May 1958 the program was transferred to the Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing factory where Chief Engineer Gao Zhenning initiated production of the CJ-6. The first flight of the CJ-6 was completed on August 27, 1958, by Lu Maofan and He Yinxi.
Power for the prototype was provided by a Czech-built horizontally-opposed piston engine, but flight testing revealed the need for more power, so a locally manufactured version of the Soviet AI-14P 260 hp radial, the Housai HS-6, was substituted along with a matching propeller, and with that change the CJ-6 was approved for mass production. In 1965 the HS-6 engine was upgraded to 285 hp and redesignated the HS-6A, and the aircraft equipped with the new power plant were designated the CJ-6A.
A total production run estimated at more than 3,000 aircraft supplied CJ-6 aircraft for PLAAF training, as well as for export (as the PT-6) to countries including Albania, Bangladesh, Cambodia, North Korea, Tanzania, and Sri Lanka.
It is expected Hongdu/Yakovlev joint developed CJ-7 Trainer (L-7) primary trainer will replace CJ-6s in PLAAF.
CJ-6 attained its civil aviation type certificate on February 28, 2019, more than 60 years after it entered military service in China.
General informationEdit
One thing to note is that the Nanchang CJ-6 makes extensive use of pneumatics to control the gear and flap extension/retraction, operate the brakes and start the engine. An engine-driven air pump recharges the system; however if air pressure is too low to start the engine then the onboard air tank can be recharged by an external source. If an external source is not available then the engine can be started by hand swinging the propeller.
VariantsEdit
A restored and repainted Nanchang CJ-6 is flown in adventure flights off the coast of Perth, Western Australia.CJ-6 trainer used by "Thin Air Adventures" in Abbotsford CanadaCJ-6ACJ-6 trainer
Hongzhuan-502 (Hongzhuan - Red Craftsman)
Initial designation of production CJ-6 aircraft.
CJ-6
Two-seat primary trainer aircraft, powered by a 260-hp Zhuzhou Huosai HS-6 radial piston engine.
CJ-6A
Improved version, powered by a 285-hp Zhuzhou Huosai HS-6A radial piston engine.
CJ-6B
Two-seat armed border patrol aircraft, powered by a 300-hp Zhuzhou Huosai HS-6D radial piston engine. Small number built.
BT-6
Export designation of the CJ-6 and CJ-6A.
PT-6A
Export version of the CJ-6A
Haiyan A (Haiyan - Petrel)
Haiyan Prototype. First flew on August 17, 1985.
Haiyan B
Single-seat agricultural topdressing, aerial spraying, fire-fighting aircraft, fitted with an upgraded 345-hp Huosai HS-6 radial piston engine.
Due to its low price and sturdy construction, the CJ-6A is a popular hobby plane. A used CJ-6 in the United States can cost as little as $75,000.[5] The aircraft appears on the civil register of the US, Australia, New Zealand, UK, South Africa and other countries.
In Australia, CJ-6 aircraft are generally operated in the Limited Category. This is administered by the Australian Warbirds Association Limited (AWAL). The AWAL operates under an approval from the Australian government's Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) to manage the operation of ex-military aircraft.
Accidents and incidentsEdit
15 December 2020: A Sri Lanka Air Force Chinese-manufactured Nanchang CJ-6, also known as PT-6, a primary trainer aircraft, which took off from China Bay Airport crashed near Kantale, Sri Lanka killing the trainee pilot on board.[6][7]
5 July 2021: A privately owned CJ-6A was involved in a collision with a lawn maintenance machine while attempting to land at Saint-Esprit Aerodrome, killing the operator of the lawn machine and damaging the aircraft. The pilot was uninjured.[8]
7 August 2023: A Sri Lanka Air Force Chinese-manufactured Nanchang CJ-6, also known as PT-6, a primary trainer aircraft, crashed shortly after departing from China Bay Airport, resulting in the fatalities of the two officers who were on board.[9] Following this incident, the Sri Lanka Air Force grounded the entire PT-6 aircraft fleet until a thorough investigation is conducted and completed.[10]
Hardpoints: Weapons stations and hardpoints under the wings , with provisions to carry combinations of:
Rockets: Rocket launchers
Bombs: Bombs
ReferencesEdit
^ ab. AirForceWorld.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-01. Retrieved 15 Aug 2011.
^""南昌造"初教6 上万飞行员的"摇篮机"". People's Daily. 2018-08-28. from the original on 2019-02-18. Retrieved 2019-02-17.
^ ab"World Air Forces 2020". Flightglobal Insight. 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
^"Ecuador Army Aviation Aircraft Types". from the original on 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
^"SLAF PT-6 Crash in Kantale". Sri Lanka Air Force. 15 December 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
^Hapuarachchi, Pavani (15 December 2020). "Update: SLAF trainer aircraft crash lands near Kantale". Newsfirst.lk. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
^"TSB says Quebec pilot in fatal collision with lawn tractor didn't get OK for landing". CityNews Halifax. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
^"PT–6 Crash in China Bay". Sri Lanka Air Force. 7 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
^Balasuriya, Darshana Sanjeewa (8 August 2023). "SLAF temporarily grounds all PT-6 aircraft". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
^Rendall, David (1995). Jane's Aircraft Recognition Guide. Glasgow, UK: HarperCollinsPublishers. p. 505. ISBN0-00-470980-2.
^Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nanchang CJ-6.
Warbird Alley: CJ-6 page
Warbird Registry: Nanchang CJ-5/CJ-6 Registry
October 15, 2023
nanchang, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, october, 2019, le. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Nanchang CJ 6 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Nanchang CJ 6 Chinese 初教6 is a Chinese basic trainer aircraft designed and built by the Nanchang Aircraft Factory now Hongdu Aviation for use by the People s Liberation Army Air Force PLAAF CJ 6A Nanchang CJ 6ARole Basic TrainerManufacturer Nanchang Aircraft Factory Hongdu First flight August 27 1958Introduction 1960Status OperationalPrimary user People s Liberation Army Air ForceProduced 1958 presentNumber built 2 000 Nanchang CJ 6 in Military Museum of the Chinese People s Revolution Contents 1 Development 2 General information 3 Variants 4 Operators 4 1 Civilian use 5 Accidents and incidents 6 Specifications CJ 6A 7 References 8 External linksDevelopment Edit nbsp Engine from PT 6A export version of CJ 6 on display at Bangabandhu Military Museum BangladeshThe CJ 6 Chu Jiao 初教 Chuji Jiaolianji 初级教练机 basic trainer aircraft is an all original Chinese design that is commonly mistaken for a Yak 18A Its predecessor the Nanchang CJ 5 was a licence built version of the Yak 18 However advancements in pilot training brought a need for a new aircraft with improved performance and a tricycle landing gear When the Soviet Union developed the Yak 18A PLAAF engineers decided that its performance and design would not suit China s needs 1 The aircraft was designed in 1958 by the Nanchang Aircraft Factory now Hongdu Aviation As the Shenyang Aircraft Factory already had experience building the Shenyang JJ 1 begun technical research for the CJ 6 more than 20 Shenyang designers were transferred to Nanchang including chief designers Tu Jida and Lin Jiahua 2 Xu Shunshou and Huang Zhiqian then China s top aircraft designers were also involved 1 During late 1957 Aeronautical Engineers Cheng Bushi and Lin Jiahua began work in Shenyang on a trainer design that addressed the shortcomings of the Yak 18A The design they delivered featured an aluminum semi monocoque fuselage flush riveted throughout and introduced a modified Clark airfoil wing design with pronounced dihedral in the outer sections The dihedral and an angular vertical tail distinguish it externally from the otherwise vaguely similar Yak 18A Wind tunnel testing validated the design and in May 1958 the program was transferred to the Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing factory where Chief Engineer Gao Zhenning initiated production of the CJ 6 The first flight of the CJ 6 was completed on August 27 1958 by Lu Maofan and He Yinxi Power for the prototype was provided by a Czech built horizontally opposed piston engine but flight testing revealed the need for more power so a locally manufactured version of the Soviet AI 14P 260 hp radial the Housai HS 6 was substituted along with a matching propeller and with that change the CJ 6 was approved for mass production In 1965 the HS 6 engine was upgraded to 285 hp and redesignated the HS 6A and the aircraft equipped with the new power plant were designated the CJ 6A A total production run estimated at more than 3 000 aircraft supplied CJ 6 aircraft for PLAAF training as well as for export as the PT 6 to countries including Albania Bangladesh Cambodia North Korea Tanzania and Sri Lanka It is expected Hongdu Yakovlev joint developed CJ 7 Trainer L 7 primary trainer will replace CJ 6s in PLAAF CJ 6 attained its civil aviation type certificate on February 28 2019 more than 60 years after it entered military service in China General information EditOne thing to note is that the Nanchang CJ 6 makes extensive use of pneumatics to control the gear and flap extension retraction operate the brakes and start the engine An engine driven air pump recharges the system however if air pressure is too low to start the engine then the onboard air tank can be recharged by an external source If an external source is not available then the engine can be started by hand swinging the propeller Variants Edit nbsp A restored and repainted Nanchang CJ 6 is flown in adventure flights off the coast of Perth Western Australia nbsp CJ 6 trainer used by Thin Air Adventures in Abbotsford Canada nbsp CJ 6A nbsp CJ 6 trainerHongzhuan 502 Hongzhuan Red Craftsman Initial designation of production CJ 6 aircraft CJ 6 Two seat primary trainer aircraft powered by a 260 hp Zhuzhou Huosai HS 6 radial piston engine CJ 6A Improved version powered by a 285 hp Zhuzhou Huosai HS 6A radial piston engine CJ 6B Two seat armed border patrol aircraft powered by a 300 hp Zhuzhou Huosai HS 6D radial piston engine Small number built BT 6 Export designation of the CJ 6 and CJ 6A PT 6A Export version of the CJ 6A Haiyan A Haiyan Petrel Haiyan Prototype First flew on August 17 1985 Haiyan B Single seat agricultural topdressing aerial spraying fire fighting aircraft fitted with an upgraded 345 hp Huosai HS 6 radial piston engine Haiyan C General aviation variant for agriculture and leisure flight Operators Edit nbsp Bangladesh Air Force PT 6 nbsp Sri Lanka Air Force PT 6 nbsp AlbaniaAlbanian Air Force nbsp BangladeshBangladesh Air Force 24 PT 6 in service 3 nbsp CambodiaKhmer Air Force nbsp EcuadorEcuadorian Army Aviation 4 nbsp People s Republic of ChinaPeople s Liberation Army Air Force People s Liberation Army Navy Air Force nbsp North KoreaKorean People s Army Air Force nbsp LaosLao People s Liberation Army Air Force nbsp Sri LankaSri Lanka Air Force nbsp TanzaniaTanzania Air Force Command 3 nbsp ZambiaZambian Air ForceCivilian use Edit Due to its low price and sturdy construction the CJ 6A is a popular hobby plane A used CJ 6 in the United States can cost as little as 75 000 5 The aircraft appears on the civil register of the US Australia New Zealand UK South Africa and other countries In Australia CJ 6 aircraft are generally operated in the Limited Category This is administered by the Australian Warbirds Association Limited AWAL The AWAL operates under an approval from the Australian government s Civil Aviation Safety Authority CASA to manage the operation of ex military aircraft Accidents and incidents Edit15 December 2020 A Sri Lanka Air Force Chinese manufactured Nanchang CJ 6 also known as PT 6 a primary trainer aircraft which took off from China Bay Airport crashed near Kantale Sri Lanka killing the trainee pilot on board 6 7 5 July 2021 A privately owned CJ 6A was involved in a collision with a lawn maintenance machine while attempting to land at Saint Esprit Aerodrome killing the operator of the lawn machine and damaging the aircraft The pilot was uninjured 8 7 August 2023 A Sri Lanka Air Force Chinese manufactured Nanchang CJ 6 also known as PT 6 a primary trainer aircraft crashed shortly after departing from China Bay Airport resulting in the fatalities of the two officers who were on board 9 Following this incident the Sri Lanka Air Force grounded the entire PT 6 aircraft fleet until a thorough investigation is conducted and completed 10 Specifications CJ 6A EditData from Jane s Aircraft Recognition Guide 11 General characteristicsCrew 2 Length 8 46 m 27 ft 9 in Wingspan 10 22 m 33 ft 6 in Height 3 3 m 10 ft 10 in Airfoil root Clark YH 14 5 tip Clark YH 9 3 12 Empty weight 1 095 kg 2 414 lb Max takeoff weight 1 400 kg 3 086 lb Powerplant 1 Zhouzhou SMPMC HS 6A radial engine 213 kW 286 hp Propellers 2 bladed variable pitch propellerPerformance Maximum speed 300 km h 190 mph 160 kn Never exceed speed 370 km h 230 mph 200 kn Range 700 km 430 mi 380 nmi Service ceiling 6 250 m 20 510 ft Armament Guns 2 x 7 62 mm machine guns Hardpoints Weapons stations and hardpoints under the wings with provisions to carry combinations of Rockets Rocket launchers Bombs BombsReferences Edit a b Nanchang CJ 6 trainer key design team members AirForceWorld com Archived from the original on 2012 03 01 Retrieved 15 Aug 2011 南昌造 初教6 上万飞行员的 摇篮机 People s Daily 2018 08 28 Archived from the original on 2019 02 18 Retrieved 2019 02 17 a b World Air Forces 2020 Flightglobal Insight 2020 Retrieved 2 January 2020 Ecuador Army Aviation Aircraft Types Archived from the original on 2011 06 11 Retrieved 2010 05 04 The best in Nanchang CJ 6 restoration sales and service Archived from the original on 2011 07 18 Retrieved 2011 02 23 SLAF PT 6 Crash in Kantale Sri Lanka Air Force 15 December 2020 Retrieved 8 August 2023 Hapuarachchi Pavani 15 December 2020 Update SLAF trainer aircraft crash lands near Kantale Newsfirst lk Retrieved 8 August 2023 TSB says Quebec pilot in fatal collision with lawn tractor didn t get OK for landing CityNews Halifax Retrieved 2023 03 26 PT 6 Crash in China Bay Sri Lanka Air Force 7 August 2023 Retrieved 8 August 2023 Balasuriya Darshana Sanjeewa 8 August 2023 SLAF temporarily grounds all PT 6 aircraft Daily Mirror Retrieved 8 August 2023 Rendall David 1995 Jane s Aircraft Recognition Guide Glasgow UK HarperCollinsPublishers p 505 ISBN 0 00 470980 2 Lednicer David The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage m selig ae illinois edu Retrieved 16 April 2019 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nanchang CJ 6 Warbird Alley CJ 6 page CJ 6 photos and development review Chinese language Warbird Registry Nanchang CJ 5 CJ 6 Registry Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nanchang CJ 6 amp oldid 1169367344, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
