The Nakajima Ha1 Kotobuki (寿, "Longevity") was an aero-engine developed by Nakajima. It was a radial piston developed under licence from the Bristol Jupiter.
In 1917, Chikuhei Nakajima set up the "Airplane Institute" at Ojima Town in Gunma Prefecture. In 1918 they built their first airplane; the "Nakajima Type 1" with a U.S.A. made engine.[1] In 1920 the company sent Kimihei Nakajima to France to study European advances, and in 1922 started their own engine factory in Tokyo. This led to production of engines based on the Lawrance A-3 two-cylinder air-cooled horizontally opposed engine.
At the time the Lawrence was an oddity. Most air-cooled engines at that time were rotary engines using cylinders that rotated together with the propeller, but Kimihei overheard that an engine with good cooling capability with fixed cylinders was being developed in England. He observed the English Gloster Gamecock fighter with its Bristol Jupiter engine, which was an advanced design for the era with an automatic adjustment device for tappet clearance, spiral piping for even intake distribution, and a four-valve intake and exhaust system. He acquired a manufacturing license for the Jupiter in 1925.[2] In 1927, after inviting two production engineer instructors from the Bristol company, the Jupiter Type 6 of 420 PS and Type 7 of 450 PS with a supercharger were put into production at the Nakajima factory.
The first radial engine Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp
After studying the Pratt & Whitney Wasp 9-cylinder radial, Nakajima tried to combine the good points found in Jupiter design with the rational design of the Wasp. Nakajima then produced a series of engine types, named "AA", "AB", "AC", and "AD", as engineering exercises.[1] The next engine design, the "AE", was innovative, with a bore of 160 mm and a stroke of 170 mm.
Prototypes were made and performance tests were done, but this engine was not adopted due to its very complex engineering. Nakajima continued testing different cylinder designs. In 1929, the "AH" design, with bore and stroke of 146 × 160 mm and a total displacement of 24.1 L, was completed. This was to be the final version of this basic engine design.[1]
In June 1930 the first prototype of was completed and it passed the durability test for the type approval in the summer. Then flight tests were started using a Nakajima A2N carrier plane. Nakajima had designed the first Japanese originally designed air-cooled 9-cylinder engine, the 450 PS "Kotobuki". In December 1931, this engine was approved and adopted by the Navy as the Ha-1 Ko for the Type 97 carrier fighter. The engine was named, in connection with the Jupiter engine, "Kotobuki".[1]
The "Kotobuki" engine was improved and developed into the "Hikari (light)" engine with the bore and stroke expanded to the limit of the cylinder (160 × 180 mm for a displacement of 32.6 L), with the power was increased to 720 PS. The "Hikari" was used in Type 95 carrier fighters and Type 96 Carrier Attack Plane.[1]
In search of more power the basic design was extended into a 14-cylinder 2-row engine, the "Ha-5 Ha-41 Ha-109" series.
^Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines.
Bibliographyedit
Goodwin, Mike & Starkings, Peter (2017). Japanese Aero-Engines 1910-1945. Sandomierz, Poland: MMPBooks. ISBN978-83-65281-32-6.
This aircraft engine article is missing some (or all) of its specifications. If you have a source, you can help Wikipedia by adding them.
March 01, 2024
nakajima, kotobuki, nakajima, kotobuki, longevity, aero, engine, developed, nakajima, radial, piston, developed, under, licence, from, bristol, jupiter, kotobukitype, piston, aircraft, enginemanufacturer, nakajima, aircraft, companymajor, applications, mitsubi. The Nakajima Ha1 Kotobuki 寿 Longevity was an aero engine developed by Nakajima It was a radial piston developed under licence from the Bristol Jupiter KotobukiType Piston aircraft engineManufacturer Nakajima Aircraft CompanyMajor applications Mitsubishi A5M Contents 1 Design and development 2 Variants 3 Applications 4 Specifications 4 1 General characteristics 4 2 Components 4 3 Performance 5 See also 6 References 7 BibliographyDesign and development editIn 1917 Chikuhei Nakajima set up the Airplane Institute at Ojima Town in Gunma Prefecture In 1918 they built their first airplane the Nakajima Type 1 with a U S A made engine 1 In 1920 the company sent Kimihei Nakajima to France to study European advances and in 1922 started their own engine factory in Tokyo This led to production of engines based on the Lawrance A 3 two cylinder air cooled horizontally opposed engine nbsp Bristol Jupiter VII on display at the Shuttleworth CollectionAt the time the Lawrence was an oddity Most air cooled engines at that time were rotary engines using cylinders that rotated together with the propeller but Kimihei overheard that an engine with good cooling capability with fixed cylinders was being developed in England He observed the English Gloster Gamecock fighter with its Bristol Jupiter engine which was an advanced design for the era with an automatic adjustment device for tappet clearance spiral piping for even intake distribution and a four valve intake and exhaust system He acquired a manufacturing license for the Jupiter in 1925 2 In 1927 after inviting two production engineer instructors from the Bristol company the Jupiter Type 6 of 420 PS and Type 7 of 450 PS with a supercharger were put into production at the Nakajima factory nbsp The first radial engine Pratt amp Whitney R 1340 WaspAfter studying the Pratt amp Whitney Wasp 9 cylinder radial Nakajima tried to combine the good points found in Jupiter design with the rational design of the Wasp Nakajima then produced a series of engine types named AA AB AC and AD as engineering exercises 1 The next engine design the AE was innovative with a bore of 160 mm and a stroke of 170 mm Prototypes were made and performance tests were done but this engine was not adopted due to its very complex engineering Nakajima continued testing different cylinder designs In 1929 the AH design with bore and stroke of 146 160 mm and a total displacement of 24 1 L was completed This was to be the final version of this basic engine design 1 In June 1930 the first prototype of was completed and it passed the durability test for the type approval in the summer Then flight tests were started using a Nakajima A2N carrier plane Nakajima had designed the first Japanese originally designed air cooled 9 cylinder engine the 450 PS Kotobuki In December 1931 this engine was approved and adopted by the Navy as the Ha 1 Ko for the Type 97 carrier fighter The engine was named in connection with the Jupiter engine Kotobuki 1 The Kotobuki engine was improved and developed into the Hikari light engine with the bore and stroke expanded to the limit of the cylinder 160 180 mm for a displacement of 32 6 L with the power was increased to 720 PS The Hikari was used in Type 95 carrier fighters and Type 96 Carrier Attack Plane 1 In search of more power the basic design was extended into a 14 cylinder 2 row engine the Ha 5 Ha 41 Ha 109 series Variants edit2 Kai 1 585 hp 436 kW 2 Kai 3 610 hp 455 kW 3 Kai 710 hp 529 kW Ha1 Ha1a Ha1b dd Applications editMitsubishi A5M Mitsubishi Ki 18 Nakajima A1N2 Nakajima A2N Nakajima Ki 8 Nakajima Ki 27 Nakajima E4N Nakajima E8N Nakajima Ki 34 Nakajima Type 91Specifications editData from Gunston 3 General characteristics Type 9 cylinder radial piston engine Bore 146 mm 5 75 in Stroke 160 mm 6 3 in Displacement 24 1 L 1 471 1 cu in Length 1 021 mm Diameter 1 280 mm Dry weight 350 kg 772 lb Components Cooling system Air cooledPerformance Power output 550 780 hp 410 580 kW See also editNakajima Ha 5 List of aircraft enginesReferences edit a b c d e Engine development at Nakajima 1923 1945 Gunston 1989 p 104 Gunston Bill World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines Bibliography editGoodwin Mike amp Starkings Peter 2017 Japanese Aero Engines 1910 1945 Sandomierz Poland MMPBooks ISBN 978 83 65281 32 6 nbsp This aircraft engine article is missing some or all of its specifications If you have a source you can help Wikipedia by adding them Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nakajima Kotobuki amp oldid 1196821140, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
