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NGC 4178

January 23, 2023

NGC 4178 is the New General Catalogue identifier for a barred spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered April 11, 1825 by English astronomer John Herschel.[7] Located some 43.8 million light years away,[4] this galaxy spans 2.3 × 0.4[1] arc minutes and is seen at a low angle, being inclined by 77° to the line of sight from the Earth.[5] The morphological classification of NGC 4178 is SB(rs)dm, indicating that it has a bar feature at the core, and, per the '(rs)', has traces of a ring-like structure surrounding the bar. The 'dm' suffix indicates the spiral arms are diffuse, broken, and irregular in appearance with no bulge at the nucleus.[2] This galaxy is a member of the Virgo Cluster, which is the richest nearby group of galaxies outside the Local Group and forms the core of the Virgo Supercluster.[5]

NGC 4178
SDSS image of NGC 4178.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationVirgo
Right ascension12h 12m 46.443s[1]
Declination+10° 51′ 57.59″[1]
Redshift0.001261 ± 0.000013[2]
Helio radial velocity+377[3] km/s
Distance43.8 Mly (13.43 Mpc)[4]
Group or clusterVirgo Cluster[5]
Characteristics
TypeSB(rs)dm[2]
Size74,980 ly (estimated)
Apparent size (V)2.300′ × 0.414′[1]
Other designations
2MASX J12124644+1051575, LEDA 38943 , UGC 7215, UZC J121246.5+105206, Z 69−88, VCC 66 .[6]

The radio continuum emission along the galaxy's major axis is asymmetrical, being brighter in the southwestern part than in the northeast. But the overall radio surface brightness is on the low side.[8] In the mid-infrared range, the spectrum shows indications of high ionization levels usually associated with an active galactic nucleus.[9] However, optical observations show no signs of an active nucleus, which may just mean it is heavily obscured. Indeed, the amount of ionized matter appears to increase near the core.[10] Although this galaxy lacks a bulge that could supply mass to a supermassive black hole, a large black hole was detected at the core by the Chandra X-ray Observatory in 2012. It is inferred to have a mass of around 104 to 105 times the mass of the Sun.[10] This makes it one of the lowest mass nuclear black holes known.[9]

In May, 1963, supernova SN 1963i was discovered in this galaxy by G. V. Zaytsheva at the Konkoly Observatory in Budapest.[11] It was suspected of being a Type Ia supernova eruption, but this remains unconfirmed.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W.; Chester, Thomas; Elias, Jonathan H.; Huchra, John P.; Liebert, James W.; Lonsdale, Carol J.; Monet, David G.; Price, Stephan; Seitzer, Patrick; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Fullmer, Linda; Hurt, Robert L.; Light, Robert M.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Tam, Robert; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Wheelock, Sherry L. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 18913331.
  2. ^ a b c de Vaucouleurs, G.; et al. (1991), "Third reference catalogue of bright galaxies, version 9", The Astronomical Journal, 108: 2128, Bibcode:1994AJ....108.2128C, doi:10.1086/117225, retrieved 2015-11-25.
  3. ^ Crook, Aidan C.; et al. (February 2007), "Groups of Galaxies in the Two Micron All Sky Redshift Survey", The Astrophysical Journal, 655 (2): 790–813, arXiv:astro-ph/0610732, Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..790C, doi:10.1086/510201, S2CID 11672751.
  4. ^ a b Tully, R. Brent; et al. (October 2013), "Cosmicflows-2: The Data", The Astronomical Journal, 146 (4): 25, arXiv:1307.7213, Bibcode:2013AJ....146...86T, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/86, S2CID 118494842, 86.
  5. ^ a b c Tully, R. B.; Fisher, J. R. (February 1977), "A new method of determining distances to galaxies", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 54 (3): 661–673, Bibcode:1977A&A....54..661T.
  6. ^ "NGC 4178". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
  7. ^ Seligman, Courtney, "NGC 4178", Celestial Atlas, retrieved 2015-11-04.
  8. ^ Vollmer, B.; et al. (May 2013), "Large-scale radio continuum properties of 19 Virgo cluster galaxies. The influence of tidal interactions, ram pressure stripping, and accreting gas envelopes", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 553: 36, arXiv:1304.1279, Bibcode:2013A&A...553A.116V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321163, S2CID 119190841, A116.
  9. ^ a b Secrest, N. J.; et al. (July 2012), "The Chandra View of NGC 4178: The Lowest Mass Black Hole in a Bulgeless Disk Galaxy?", The Astrophysical Journal, 753 (1): 7, arXiv:1205.0230, Bibcode:2012ApJ...753...38S, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/1/38, S2CID 118705202, 38.
  10. ^ a b Secrest, N. J.; et al. (November 2013), "A Multi-wavelength Analysis of NGC 4178: A Bulgeless Galaxy with an Active Galactic Nucleus", The Astrophysical Journal, 777 (2): 6, arXiv:1308.5270, Bibcode:2013ApJ...777..139S, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/139, S2CID 119178111, 139.
  11. ^ Kukarkin, B. V. (May 1963), "Supernova in NGC 4178", Information Bulletin on Variable Stars, 28: 1, Bibcode:1963IBVS...28....1K.
  12. ^ Lanoix, P. (March 1998), "HIPPARCOS calibration of the peak brightness of four SNe IA and the value of H_0", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 331: 421–427, arXiv:astro-ph/9712137, Bibcode:1998A&A...331..421L.

External links

  •   Media related to NGC 4178 at Wikimedia Commons
  • NGC 4178 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images


January 23, 2023
4178, general, catalogue, identifier, barred, spiral, galaxy, equatorial, constellation, virgo, discovered, april, 1825, english, astronomer, john, herschel, located, some, million, light, years, away, this, galaxy, spans, minutes, seen, angle, being, inclined. NGC 4178 is the New General Catalogue identifier for a barred spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Virgo It was discovered April 11 1825 by English astronomer John Herschel 7 Located some 43 8 million light years away 4 this galaxy spans 2 3 0 4 1 arc minutes and is seen at a low angle being inclined by 77 to the line of sight from the Earth 5 The morphological classification of NGC 4178 is SB rs dm indicating that it has a bar feature at the core and per the rs has traces of a ring like structure surrounding the bar The dm suffix indicates the spiral arms are diffuse broken and irregular in appearance with no bulge at the nucleus 2 This galaxy is a member of the Virgo Cluster which is the richest nearby group of galaxies outside the Local Group and forms the core of the Virgo Supercluster 5 NGC 4178SDSS image of NGC 4178 Observation data J2000 epoch ConstellationVirgoRight ascension12h 12m 46 443s 1 Declination 10 51 57 59 1 Redshift0 001261 0 000013 2 Helio radial velocity 377 3 km sDistance43 8 Mly 13 43 Mpc 4 Group or clusterVirgo Cluster 5 CharacteristicsTypeSB rs dm 2 Size74 980 ly estimated Apparent size V 2 300 0 414 1 Other designations2MASX J12124644 1051575 LEDA 38943 UGC 7215 UZC J121246 5 105206 Z 69 88 VCC 66 6 The radio continuum emission along the galaxy s major axis is asymmetrical being brighter in the southwestern part than in the northeast But the overall radio surface brightness is on the low side 8 In the mid infrared range the spectrum shows indications of high ionization levels usually associated with an active galactic nucleus 9 However optical observations show no signs of an active nucleus which may just mean it is heavily obscured Indeed the amount of ionized matter appears to increase near the core 10 Although this galaxy lacks a bulge that could supply mass to a supermassive black hole a large black hole was detected at the core by the Chandra X ray Observatory in 2012 It is inferred to have a mass of around 104 to 105 times the mass of the Sun 10 This makes it one of the lowest mass nuclear black holes known 9 In May 1963 supernova SN 1963i was discovered in this galaxy by G V Zaytsheva at the Konkoly Observatory in Budapest 11 It was suspected of being a Type Ia supernova eruption but this remains unconfirmed 12 References Edit a b c d Skrutskie Michael F Cutri Roc M Stiening Rae Weinberg Martin D Schneider Stephen E Carpenter John M Beichman Charles A Capps Richard W Chester Thomas Elias Jonathan H Huchra John P Liebert James W Lonsdale Carol J Monet David G Price Stephan Seitzer Patrick Jarrett Thomas H Kirkpatrick J Davy Gizis John E Howard Elizabeth V Evans Tracey E Fowler John W Fullmer Linda Hurt Robert L Light Robert M Kopan Eugene L Marsh Kenneth A McCallon Howard L Tam Robert Van Dyk Schuyler D Wheelock Sherry L 1 February 2006 The Two Micron All Sky Survey 2MASS The Astronomical Journal 131 2 1163 1183 Bibcode 2006AJ 131 1163S doi 10 1086 498708 ISSN 0004 6256 S2CID 18913331 a b c de Vaucouleurs G et al 1991 Third reference catalogue of bright galaxies version 9 The Astronomical Journal 108 2128 Bibcode 1994AJ 108 2128C doi 10 1086 117225 retrieved 2015 11 25 Crook Aidan C et al February 2007 Groups of Galaxies in the Two Micron All Sky Redshift Survey The Astrophysical Journal 655 2 790 813 arXiv astro ph 0610732 Bibcode 2007ApJ 655 790C doi 10 1086 510201 S2CID 11672751 a b Tully R Brent et al October 2013 Cosmicflows 2 The Data The Astronomical Journal 146 4 25 arXiv 1307 7213 Bibcode 2013AJ 146 86T doi 10 1088 0004 6256 146 4 86 S2CID 118494842 86 a b c Tully R B Fisher J R February 1977 A new method of determining distances to galaxies Astronomy and Astrophysics 54 3 661 673 Bibcode 1977A amp A 54 661T NGC 4178 SIMBAD Centre de donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg Retrieved 2015 12 03 Seligman Courtney NGC 4178 Celestial Atlas retrieved 2015 11 04 Vollmer B et al May 2013 Large scale radio continuum properties of 19 Virgo cluster galaxies The influence of tidal interactions ram pressure stripping and accreting gas envelopes Astronomy amp Astrophysics 553 36 arXiv 1304 1279 Bibcode 2013A amp A 553A 116V doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201321163 S2CID 119190841 A116 a b Secrest N J et al July 2012 The Chandra View of NGC 4178 The Lowest Mass Black Hole in a Bulgeless Disk Galaxy The Astrophysical Journal 753 1 7 arXiv 1205 0230 Bibcode 2012ApJ 753 38S doi 10 1088 0004 637X 753 1 38 S2CID 118705202 38 a b Secrest N J et al November 2013 A Multi wavelength Analysis of NGC 4178 A Bulgeless Galaxy with an Active Galactic Nucleus The Astrophysical Journal 777 2 6 arXiv 1308 5270 Bibcode 2013ApJ 777 139S doi 10 1088 0004 637X 777 2 139 S2CID 119178111 139 Kukarkin B V May 1963 Supernova in NGC 4178 Information Bulletin on Variable Stars 28 1 Bibcode 1963IBVS 28 1K Lanoix P March 1998 HIPPARCOS calibration of the peak brightness of four SNe IA and the value of H 0 Astronomy and Astrophysics 331 421 427 arXiv astro ph 9712137 Bibcode 1998A amp A 331 421L External links Edit Media related to NGC 4178 at Wikimedia Commons NGC 4178 on WikiSky DSS2 SDSS GALEX IRAS Hydrogen a X Ray Astrophoto Sky Map Articles and images Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title NGC 4178 amp oldid 1129453154, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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