NGC 1333
NGC 1333 is a reflection nebula located in the northern constellation Perseus, positioned next to the southern constellation border with Taurus and Aries.[3] It was first discovered by German astronomer Eduard Schönfeld in 1855.[4] The nebula is visible as a hazy patch in a small telescope, while a larger aperture will show a pair of dark nebulae designated Barnard 1 and Barnard 2.[5] It is associated with a dark cloud L1450 (Barnard 205). Estimates of the distance to this nebula range from 980–1,140 ly (300–350 pc).[4]
| Reflection nebula | |
|---|---|
An infrared image of NGC 1333 by the Spitzer Space Telescope | |
| Observation data: J2000.0 epoch | |
| Right ascension | 03h 29m 11.3s[1] |
| Declination | +31° 18′ 36″[1] |
| Distance | 967 ly (296.5 pc)[1] ly |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 5.6 |
| Apparent dimensions (V) | 6′ x 3′ |
| Constellation | Perseus |
| Designations | Ced 16, GN 03.26.1, LBN 741[2] |
| See also: Lists of nebulae | |
This nebula is in the western part[4] of the Perseus molecular cloud and is a young region of very active star formation,[6] being one of the best-studied objects of its type.[4] It contains a fairly typical hierarchy of star clusters that are still embedded in the molecular cloud in which they formed,[7] which are split into two main sub-groups to the north and south. Most of the infrared emission is happening in the southern part of the nebula. A significant portion of the stars seen in the infrared are in the pre-main sequence stage of their evolution.[6]
The nebula region has a combined mass of approximately 450 M☉,[4] while the cluster contains around 150 stars with a median age of a million years and a combined mass of 100 M☉. The average star formation rate is 1×10−4 M☉ yr–1.[4] Within the nebula are 20 young stellar objects producing outflows, including Herbig–Haro objects, and a total of 95 X-ray sources that are associated with known members of embedded star clusters.[6] In 2011 researchers reported finding 30 to 40 brown dwarf objects in the cloud and in the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex.[8]
15 objects with a spectral type of M9 or later were discovered in NGC 1333. This spectral type corresponds to a mass of a planetar-mass object (PMO) at the age of NGC 1333. About 42% of the PMO are surrounded by a circumstellar disk, but only one out of six objects with a spectral type of L0 (about 10 MJ) or later has a disk. Scholz et al. argues that this indicates that very low mass PMOs form like planets (aka ejected planets) and not like stars (also called sub-brown dwarfs).[9] Parker & Alves de Oliveira on the other hand argue that the distribution of PMOs in NGC 1333 follows N-body simulations of objects that form like stars and that none of the PMOs has a peculiar motion, which is predicted for ejected planets. They also note that ejected planets are hiding in this and star-forming regions.[10]
Gallery edit
- A small region of NGC 1333 taken by Hubble Space Telescope.[11]
- There are 5 Herbig–Haro objects (numbered 7 to 11) in NGC 1333.[12]
- NGC 1333 by the Mount Lemmon Sky Center
- The region south of NGC 1333 in infrared. It shows the dark clouds Barnard 203 and 204
- Perseus giant molecular cloud with star nurseries IC348 and NGC1333
References edit
- ^ a b c Soubiran, C.; et al. (November 2018). "Open cluster kinematics with Gaia DR2". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 619: 11. arXiv:1808.01613. Bibcode:2018A&A...619A.155S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834020. S2CID 125754189. A155.
- ^ "NGC 1333". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-08-15.
- ^ Sinnott, Roger W.; Perryman, Michael A. C. (1997). Millennium Star Atlas. Vol. 1. Sky Publishing Corporation and the European Space Agency. ISBN 0-933346-84-0.
- ^ a b c d e f Walawender, J.; et al. (December 2008). Reipurth, Bo (ed.). NGC 1333: A Nearby Burst of Star Formation (PDF). ASP Monograph Publications. Vol. 1. p. 346. Bibcode:2008hsf1.book..346W. Retrieved 2020-08-15.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Inglis, Michael (2004). Astronomy of the Milky Way. Springer London. p. 167. ISBN 1-85233-709-5.
- ^ a b c Getman, Konstantin V.; et al. (August 2002). "Chandra Study of Young Stellar Objects in the NGC 1333 Star-forming Cloud". The Astrophysical Journal. 575 (1): 354–377. arXiv:astro-ph/0204252. Bibcode:2002ApJ...575..354G. doi:10.1086/341219. S2CID 15786877.
- ^ Schulz, Norbert S. (2005). From Dust To Stars. Praxis Publishing Limited. p. 213. ISBN 9783540237112.
- ^ "Rogue Failed Star Is One of Smallest Ever Seen". space.com. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
- ^ Scholz, Aleks; Muzic, Koraljka; Jayawardhana, Ray; Almendros-Abad, Victor; Wilson, Isaac (2023-05-01). "Disks around Young Planetary-mass Objects: Ultradeep Spitzer Imaging of NGC 1333". The Astronomical Journal. 165 (5): 196. arXiv:2303.12451. Bibcode:2023AJ....165..196S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acc65d. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ^ Parker, Richard J.; Alves de Oliveira, Catarina (2023-10-01). "On the origin of planetary-mass objects in NGC 1333". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 525 (2): 1677–1686. arXiv:2308.01335. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.525.1677P. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2378. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ^ "Champions League". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
- ^ "The smoking gun of a newborn star". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
External links edit
- Agrupació Astronòmica d'Eivissa (AAE)
- Cala d'Hort Telescope (TCH)
- Spitzer Space Telescope page on NGC 1333
- NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Dusty NGC 1333 (24 November 2005)
- NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: In the Center of Reflection Nebula NGC 1333 (21 May 2007)
- Amateur photography
- See NGC1333 in WorldWide Telescope