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Moses Székely

February 13, 2024

Moses Székely (Hungarian: Székely Mózes; c. 1553 – 17 July 1603) was Prince of Transylvania in 1603.

Mózes Székely

He was a military leader under Prince Sigismund Báthory. After the latter's third and final abdication in 1601, Transylvania was controlled by the mercenaries of Habsburg general Giorgio Basta. In April 1603, Székely instigated the native Transylvanian forces to rebel and, with the support of Turkish-Tartarian auxiliary forces, routed Basta's troops. On 8 May 1603, Székely claimed the title of a Prince of Transylvania, but his rule proved unstable, as his Tartarian mercenaries outdid Basta's troops in cruelty and Radu Șerban, the new Voivode of Wallachia attacked as an ally of the Habsburgs.

Mózes' own kinsmen, the Székely, joined forces with the invaders, who defeated and killed Mózes in the Battle of Brașov on 17 July 1603. Radu withdrew to Wallachia, making way for a return of Basta's mercenaries. Székely was the only Székely monarch of the Transylvanian Principality.

Early life edit

Moses Székely was born in Székelyudvarhely (now Odorheiu Secuiesc in Romania) around 1553.[1][2] His father, János Literáti Székely, was a Székely nobleman (or primipilus).[1][2] His mother is unknown.[1][2] Moses had three brothers, István, János and Péter.[1][2]

John Sigismund Zápolya, who ruled the eastern territories of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary as vassal of the Ottoman Empire, made János Literáti the ispán (or head) of the chamber of salt in 1568.[1] According to the Transylvanian historian, István Szamosközy, Moses traded in salt in his youth.[3] After John Sigismund converted to Unitarianism in the late 1560s, Moses was one of the many Székely noblemen who also adopted the Anti-Trinitarian doctrine.[4]

Career edit

After the death of John Sigismund, the Diet of Transylvania elected Stephen Báthory voivode (or ruler) on 25 May 1571.[5][6] Báthory's opponent, Gáspár Bekes, invaded Transylvania from Royal Hungary in summer 1575.[6] Bekes was Unitarian, but Moses Székely supported the Catholic Báthory, along with other prominent Unitarian noblemen.[7] He swam over the Maros River at Radnót (now Iernut in Romania) with a sword in his mouth and killed one of Bekes's warriors in a duel.[8] His bravery was noticed by Báthory who made him the commander of his Székely guards.[9] Moses Székely was the first to lead an attack against Bekes's army in the decisive Battle of Kerelőszentpál, which ended with Báthory's triumph on 8 July.[10]

Stephen Báthory was elected ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on 15 December 1575.[11] Moses accompanied Báthory to Poland.[12] He was one of the commanders of the infantry during the siege of Danzig in 1577.[13] He was injured on his knee during the siege of Polotsk in August 1579.[14] He also participated in the siege of Pskov in 1581.[15] However, he had to leave the army after he cut the ear of a Hungarian nobleman in a duel.[15]

Moses was made the ispán of the salt mine at Felsősófalva (now Ocna de Sus in Romania) in 1582 or 1583.[1][16] Before long, the royal estates at Siménfalva and Lövéte in the Principality of Transylvania (now Șimonești and Lueta in Romania) were granted to him.[17] His manor house was built in Siménfalva.[16] Moses married in late December 1584, but his wife died in the following year.[18] Historian Lukács Sándor Szekeres says that his wife is unknown,[18] but Judit Balogh associates her with Elisabeth Bodoni, a daughter of the captain of Udvarhelyszék.[19] Moses was mentioned as ispán for the last time on 5 February 1591, but he may have retained this office until 1594 or 1595, according to Szekeres.[20]

The Serbs who lived in the Temeşvar Eyalet rose up against the Ottomans and sought assistance from Sigismund Báthory, Prince of Transylvania.[21] Báthory dispatched Moses at the head of a small army to assist them.[21] By the time the Transylvanian troops crossed the border in June 1594, the Ottomans defeated the Serbs.[22] According to historian Judit Balogh, the Serbs' revolt fell because of the delay of the Transylvanian army.[23] Moses laid siege to the fortress of Facsád (now Făget in Romania) without awaiting the arrival of the infantry.[22] The Transylvanian cavalry could not break into the fortress and Moses was injured which forced him to lift the siege on 30 November.[22] Moses never made a full recovery from the injury and he remained lame for the rest of his life.[22]

Moses participated in the war against the Ottomans in Wallachia in June 1595.[24] Before long, he joined György Borbély, Ban of Karánsebes, who launched an invasion against the Ottoman Empire in late summer.[24] The Transylvanian army captured at least six fortresses along the Maros River before the end of the year.[25] There is no record of his activities during the following years, showing that he gave up his public career for a while.[26] He wanted to prevent the commoners of Bikafalva (now Tăureni in Romania) from turning their pigs loose in his forests to fill and fatten themselves on acorn, but the Court of Udvarhelyszék made a judgement against him in October 1569.[26] At the request of Sigismund Báthory, Moses exchanged his estates in Vágás (now Tăietura in Romania) for the prince's estate at Libaton in March 1598.[27]

Anarchy edit

Sigismund Báthory abdicated and transferred Transylvania to the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolph II, on 23 March 1598.[28] Rudolph nominated three imperial commissioners to take charge of the government of Transylvania.[28] Moses Székely started negotiations with one of the commissioners, Bartholomeus Pezzen, in Brassó (now Brașov in Romania) in June, urging the emperor to send an army to Transylvania before the Ottomans invade the principality.[29] After accepting the suzerainty of Rudolph II, Michael the Brave, Voivode of Wallachia, asked the emperor to send Moses Székely to him to take charge of the command of the Wallachian army.[29]

Moses started secret negotiations with Sigismund Báthory's uncle, István Bocskai, about the restoration of Báthory.[30] After Sigismund returned to Kolozsvár on 21 August 1598, Moses persuaded the Székely warriors to swear fealty to Sigismund in Szászsebes (now Sebeș in Romania).[30] Báthory sent Moses Székely and István Csáky at the head of an army against Várad (now Oradea in Romania), because its captain refused to do homage to him.[31] Before their arrival, an Ottoman army laid siege to Várad.[31] Moses and his Székely warriors routed a band of Ottoman and Tatar marauders near the town, and the Ottoman army withdrew from the principality.[31]

Sigismund Báthory again renounced Transylvania on 21 March 1599, but on this occasion in favor of his cousin, Andrew Báthory.[32] Rudolph II persuaded Michael the Brave to invade Transylvania.[33] Thousands of Székely commoners joined Michael the Brave who had promised them to restore their liberties in autumn.[33] Andrew Báthory sent Moses Székely to negotiate with Michael the Brave, but the latter refused to make peace.[34] Moses was the supreme commander of Báthory's army in the Battle of Sellenberk.[35] After the battle was lost, Moses Székely sought shelter in the fortress of Görgény (now Gurghiu in Romania) on 29 October 1599.[36] Andrew Báthory, who tried to flee to Poland, was murdered by Székely commoners on 3 November.[36]

Rudolph II made Michael the Brave his governor in Transylvania.[37] After Michael appointed him the supreme commander of the Transylvanian army, Moses Székely joined him in Gyulafehérvár, but he had left his wife in Marosvásárhely (now Târgu Mureș in Romania) in the custody of her father.[38] Before long, Michael the Brave granted Teke and Mezőszilvás (now Teaca and Silivașu de Câmpie in Romania), and other estates in Kolozs County to Moses and his son.[39] On 24 January 1600, Michael the Brave issued a new charter, confirming the possessions that Moses had seized in Transylvania during the rule of the Báthorys.[40] On the other hand, the voivode who did not trust Moses always asked Rudolph's envoys not to talk about confidential issues if Moses was also attained their meeting.[41]

Michael the Brave invaded Moldavia in May 1600.[42] Moses, who had been made captain of Udvarhelyszék, was one of the commanders of Michael's troops.[42] After Michael returned to Transylvania, Moses stayed behind in Moldavia to command the voivode's army along with a Wallachian boyar, Mirza.[43] Michael could not stabilize his rule in Transylvania, although he forced more than a dozen Transylvanian noblemen to move to Wallachia.[43] Moses Székely returned to Transylvania in late summer 1600 to meet Gáspár Sibrik, György Makó and other Transylvanian noblemen in Burzenland.[44] Michael the Brave summoned them to the Diet to Gyulafehérvár in late August, but Moses and his allies fled to Poland to convince Sigismund Báthory to again lay claim to Transylvania.[45]

Family edit

Moses's elder son, Stephen, was only mentioned in Michael the Brave's charter on 1 December 1599, which shows that he died in infancy.[46] His younger son, Moses the Younger was born after his death.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Balogh 2012, p. 190.
  2. ^ a b c d Szekeres 2007, p. 34.
  3. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 36.
  4. ^ Keul 2009, pp. 125–126.
  5. ^ Granasztói 1981, p. 401.
  6. ^ a b Barta 1994, p. 260.
  7. ^ Keul 2009, p. 126.
  8. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 51.
  9. ^ Szekeres 2007, pp. 51–52.
  10. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 52.
  11. ^ Barta 1994, p. 261.
  12. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 55.
  13. ^ Szekeres 2007, pp. 55–56.
  14. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 56.
  15. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 57.
  16. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 93.
  17. ^ Szekeres 2007, pp. 57, 93.
  18. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 95.
  19. ^ Balogh 2012, p. 191.
  20. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 100.
  21. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 115.
  22. ^ a b c d Szekeres 2007, p. 116.
  23. ^ Balogh 2012, p. 192.
  24. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 118.
  25. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 119.
  26. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 129.
  27. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 133.
  28. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 134.
  29. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 135.
  30. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 136.
  31. ^ a b c Szekeres 2007, p. 137.
  32. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 138.
  33. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 141.
  34. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 142.
  35. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 143.
  36. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 144.
  37. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 147.
  38. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 148.
  39. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 149.
  40. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 150.
  41. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 151.
  42. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 152.
  43. ^ a b Szekeres 2007, p. 153.
  44. ^ Szekeres 2007, p. 154.
  45. ^ Szekeres 2007, pp. 154–155.
  46. ^ Szekeres 2007, pp. 149–150.

Sources edit

  • Balogh, Judit (2012). "Székely Mózes". In Gujdár, Noémi; Szatmáry, Nóra (eds.). Magyar királyok nagykönyve: Uralkodóink, kormányzóink és az erdélyi fejedelmek életének és tetteinek képes története [Encyclopedia of the Kings of Hungary: An Illustrated History of the Life and Deeds of Our Monarchs, Regents and the Princes of Transylvania] (in Hungarian). Reader's Digest. pp. 190–193. ISBN 978-963-289-214-6.
  • Barta, Gábor (1994). "The Emergence of the Principality and its First Crises (1526–1606)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.). History of Transylvania. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 247–300. ISBN 963-05-6703-2.
  • Granasztói, György (1981). "A három részre szakadt ország és a török kiűzése (1557–1605)". In Benda, Kálmán; Péter, Katalin (eds.). Magyarország történeti kronológiája, II: 1526–1848 [Historical Chronology of Hungary, Volume I: 1526–1848] (in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 390–430. ISBN 963-05-2662-X.
  • Keul, István (2009). Early Modern Religious Communities in East-Central Europe: Ethnic Diversity, Denominational Plurality, and Corporative Politics in the Principality of Transylvania (1526–1691). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17652-2.
  • Pop, Ioan-Aurel (2009). "Michael the Brave and Transylvania". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András (eds.). The History of Transylvania, Vo. II (From 1541 to 1711). Romanian Academy, Center for Transylvanian Studies. pp. 75–96. ISBN 978-973-7784-04-9.
  • Szekeres, Lukács Sándor (2007). Székely Mózes: Erdély székely fejedelme [Moses Székely: The Székely Prince of Transylvania] (in Hungarian).

Further reading edit

  • Magyarország története 1526-1686. Akadémiai, Bp. 1985.
  • Jerzy Topolski: Lengyelország története. Gondolat, Bp. 1989.
  • Markó László: A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig. 2., bőv., jav. kiadás. Bp. 2006.

February 13, 2024
moses, székely, hungarian, székely, mózes, 1553, july, 1603, prince, transylvania, 1603, mózes, székelyhe, military, leader, under, prince, sigismund, báthory, after, latter, third, final, abdication, 1601, transylvania, controlled, mercenaries, habsburg, gene. Moses Szekely Hungarian Szekely Mozes c 1553 17 July 1603 was Prince of Transylvania in 1603 Mozes SzekelyHe was a military leader under Prince Sigismund Bathory After the latter s third and final abdication in 1601 Transylvania was controlled by the mercenaries of Habsburg general Giorgio Basta In April 1603 Szekely instigated the native Transylvanian forces to rebel and with the support of Turkish Tartarian auxiliary forces routed Basta s troops On 8 May 1603 Szekely claimed the title of a Prince of Transylvania but his rule proved unstable as his Tartarian mercenaries outdid Basta s troops in cruelty and Radu Șerban the new Voivode of Wallachia attacked as an ally of the Habsburgs Mozes own kinsmen the Szekely joined forces with the invaders who defeated and killed Mozes in the Battle of Brașov on 17 July 1603 Radu withdrew to Wallachia making way for a return of Basta s mercenaries Szekely was the only Szekely monarch of the Transylvanian Principality Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Anarchy 4 Family 5 References 6 Sources 7 Further readingEarly life editMoses Szekely was born in Szekelyudvarhely now Odorheiu Secuiesc in Romania around 1553 1 2 His father Janos Literati Szekely was a Szekely nobleman or primipilus 1 2 His mother is unknown 1 2 Moses had three brothers Istvan Janos and Peter 1 2 John Sigismund Zapolya who ruled the eastern territories of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary as vassal of the Ottoman Empire made Janos Literati the ispan or head of the chamber of salt in 1568 1 According to the Transylvanian historian Istvan Szamoskozy Moses traded in salt in his youth 3 After John Sigismund converted to Unitarianism in the late 1560s Moses was one of the many Szekely noblemen who also adopted the Anti Trinitarian doctrine 4 Career editAfter the death of John Sigismund the Diet of Transylvania elected Stephen Bathory voivode or ruler on 25 May 1571 5 6 Bathory s opponent Gaspar Bekes invaded Transylvania from Royal Hungary in summer 1575 6 Bekes was Unitarian but Moses Szekely supported the Catholic Bathory along with other prominent Unitarian noblemen 7 He swam over the Maros River at Radnot now Iernut in Romania with a sword in his mouth and killed one of Bekes s warriors in a duel 8 His bravery was noticed by Bathory who made him the commander of his Szekely guards 9 Moses Szekely was the first to lead an attack against Bekes s army in the decisive Battle of Kereloszentpal which ended with Bathory s triumph on 8 July 10 Stephen Bathory was elected ruler of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth on 15 December 1575 11 Moses accompanied Bathory to Poland 12 He was one of the commanders of the infantry during the siege of Danzig in 1577 13 He was injured on his knee during the siege of Polotsk in August 1579 14 He also participated in the siege of Pskov in 1581 15 However he had to leave the army after he cut the ear of a Hungarian nobleman in a duel 15 Moses was made the ispan of the salt mine at Felsosofalva now Ocna de Sus in Romania in 1582 or 1583 1 16 Before long the royal estates at Simenfalva and Lovete in the Principality of Transylvania now Șimonești and Lueta in Romania were granted to him 17 His manor house was built in Simenfalva 16 Moses married in late December 1584 but his wife died in the following year 18 Historian Lukacs Sandor Szekeres says that his wife is unknown 18 but Judit Balogh associates her with Elisabeth Bodoni a daughter of the captain of Udvarhelyszek 19 Moses was mentioned as ispan for the last time on 5 February 1591 but he may have retained this office until 1594 or 1595 according to Szekeres 20 The Serbs who lived in the Temesvar Eyalet rose up against the Ottomans and sought assistance from Sigismund Bathory Prince of Transylvania 21 Bathory dispatched Moses at the head of a small army to assist them 21 By the time the Transylvanian troops crossed the border in June 1594 the Ottomans defeated the Serbs 22 According to historian Judit Balogh the Serbs revolt fell because of the delay of the Transylvanian army 23 Moses laid siege to the fortress of Facsad now Făget in Romania without awaiting the arrival of the infantry 22 The Transylvanian cavalry could not break into the fortress and Moses was injured which forced him to lift the siege on 30 November 22 Moses never made a full recovery from the injury and he remained lame for the rest of his life 22 Moses participated in the war against the Ottomans in Wallachia in June 1595 24 Before long he joined Gyorgy Borbely Ban of Karansebes who launched an invasion against the Ottoman Empire in late summer 24 The Transylvanian army captured at least six fortresses along the Maros River before the end of the year 25 There is no record of his activities during the following years showing that he gave up his public career for a while 26 He wanted to prevent the commoners of Bikafalva now Tăureni in Romania from turning their pigs loose in his forests to fill and fatten themselves on acorn but the Court of Udvarhelyszek made a judgement against him in October 1569 26 At the request of Sigismund Bathory Moses exchanged his estates in Vagas now Tăietura in Romania for the prince s estate at Libaton in March 1598 27 Anarchy editThis section needs expansion with events after 1600 You can help by adding to it January 2017 Sigismund Bathory abdicated and transferred Transylvania to the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II on 23 March 1598 28 Rudolph nominated three imperial commissioners to take charge of the government of Transylvania 28 Moses Szekely started negotiations with one of the commissioners Bartholomeus Pezzen in Brasso now Brașov in Romania in June urging the emperor to send an army to Transylvania before the Ottomans invade the principality 29 After accepting the suzerainty of Rudolph II Michael the Brave Voivode of Wallachia asked the emperor to send Moses Szekely to him to take charge of the command of the Wallachian army 29 Moses started secret negotiations with Sigismund Bathory s uncle Istvan Bocskai about the restoration of Bathory 30 After Sigismund returned to Kolozsvar on 21 August 1598 Moses persuaded the Szekely warriors to swear fealty to Sigismund in Szaszsebes now Sebeș in Romania 30 Bathory sent Moses Szekely and Istvan Csaky at the head of an army against Varad now Oradea in Romania because its captain refused to do homage to him 31 Before their arrival an Ottoman army laid siege to Varad 31 Moses and his Szekely warriors routed a band of Ottoman and Tatar marauders near the town and the Ottoman army withdrew from the principality 31 Sigismund Bathory again renounced Transylvania on 21 March 1599 but on this occasion in favor of his cousin Andrew Bathory 32 Rudolph II persuaded Michael the Brave to invade Transylvania 33 Thousands of Szekely commoners joined Michael the Brave who had promised them to restore their liberties in autumn 33 Andrew Bathory sent Moses Szekely to negotiate with Michael the Brave but the latter refused to make peace 34 Moses was the supreme commander of Bathory s army in the Battle of Sellenberk 35 After the battle was lost Moses Szekely sought shelter in the fortress of Gorgeny now Gurghiu in Romania on 29 October 1599 36 Andrew Bathory who tried to flee to Poland was murdered by Szekely commoners on 3 November 36 Rudolph II made Michael the Brave his governor in Transylvania 37 After Michael appointed him the supreme commander of the Transylvanian army Moses Szekely joined him in Gyulafehervar but he had left his wife in Marosvasarhely now Targu Mureș in Romania in the custody of her father 38 Before long Michael the Brave granted Teke and Mezoszilvas now Teaca and Silivașu de Campie in Romania and other estates in Kolozs County to Moses and his son 39 On 24 January 1600 Michael the Brave issued a new charter confirming the possessions that Moses had seized in Transylvania during the rule of the Bathorys 40 On the other hand the voivode who did not trust Moses always asked Rudolph s envoys not to talk about confidential issues if Moses was also attained their meeting 41 Michael the Brave invaded Moldavia in May 1600 42 Moses who had been made captain of Udvarhelyszek was one of the commanders of Michael s troops 42 After Michael returned to Transylvania Moses stayed behind in Moldavia to command the voivode s army along with a Wallachian boyar Mirza 43 Michael could not stabilize his rule in Transylvania although he forced more than a dozen Transylvanian noblemen to move to Wallachia 43 Moses Szekely returned to Transylvania in late summer 1600 to meet Gaspar Sibrik Gyorgy Mako and other Transylvanian noblemen in Burzenland 44 Michael the Brave summoned them to the Diet to Gyulafehervar in late August but Moses and his allies fled to Poland to convince Sigismund Bathory to again lay claim to Transylvania 45 Family editMoses s elder son Stephen was only mentioned in Michael the Brave s charter on 1 December 1599 which shows that he died in infancy 46 His younger son Moses the Younger was born after his death References edit a b c d e f Balogh 2012 p 190 a b c d Szekeres 2007 p 34 Szekeres 2007 p 36 Keul 2009 pp 125 126 Granasztoi 1981 p 401 a b Barta 1994 p 260 Keul 2009 p 126 Szekeres 2007 p 51 Szekeres 2007 pp 51 52 Szekeres 2007 p 52 Barta 1994 p 261 Szekeres 2007 p 55 Szekeres 2007 pp 55 56 Szekeres 2007 p 56 a b Szekeres 2007 p 57 a b Szekeres 2007 p 93 Szekeres 2007 pp 57 93 a b Szekeres 2007 p 95 Balogh 2012 p 191 Szekeres 2007 p 100 a b Szekeres 2007 p 115 a b c d Szekeres 2007 p 116 Balogh 2012 p 192 a b Szekeres 2007 p 118 Szekeres 2007 p 119 a b Szekeres 2007 p 129 Szekeres 2007 p 133 a b Szekeres 2007 p 134 a b Szekeres 2007 p 135 a b Szekeres 2007 p 136 a b c Szekeres 2007 p 137 Szekeres 2007 p 138 a b Szekeres 2007 p 141 Szekeres 2007 p 142 Szekeres 2007 p 143 a b Szekeres 2007 p 144 Szekeres 2007 p 147 Szekeres 2007 p 148 Szekeres 2007 p 149 Szekeres 2007 p 150 Szekeres 2007 p 151 a b Szekeres 2007 p 152 a b Szekeres 2007 p 153 Szekeres 2007 p 154 Szekeres 2007 pp 154 155 Szekeres 2007 pp 149 150 Sources editBalogh Judit 2012 Szekely Mozes In Gujdar Noemi Szatmary Nora eds Magyar kiralyok nagykonyve Uralkodoink kormanyzoink es az erdelyi fejedelmek eletenek es tetteinek kepes tortenete Encyclopedia of the Kings of Hungary An Illustrated History of the Life and Deeds of Our Monarchs Regents and the Princes of Transylvania in Hungarian Reader s Digest pp 190 193 ISBN 978 963 289 214 6 Barta Gabor 1994 The Emergence of the Principality and its First Crises 1526 1606 In Kopeczi Bela Barta Gabor Bona Istvan Makkai Laszlo Szasz Zoltan Borus Judit eds History of Transylvania Akademiai Kiado pp 247 300 ISBN 963 05 6703 2 Granasztoi Gyorgy 1981 A harom reszre szakadt orszag es a torok kiuzese 1557 1605 In Benda Kalman Peter Katalin eds Magyarorszag torteneti kronologiaja II 1526 1848 Historical Chronology of Hungary Volume I 1526 1848 in Hungarian Akademiai Kiado pp 390 430 ISBN 963 05 2662 X Keul Istvan 2009 Early Modern Religious Communities in East Central Europe Ethnic Diversity Denominational Plurality and Corporative Politics in the Principality of Transylvania 1526 1691 Brill ISBN 978 90 04 17652 2 Pop Ioan Aurel 2009 Michael the Brave and Transylvania In Pop Ioan Aurel Nagler Thomas Magyari Andras eds The History of Transylvania Vo II From 1541 to 1711 Romanian Academy Center for Transylvanian Studies pp 75 96 ISBN 978 973 7784 04 9 Szekeres Lukacs Sandor 2007 Szekely Mozes Erdely szekely fejedelme Moses Szekely The Szekely Prince of Transylvania in Hungarian Further reading editMagyarorszag tortenete 1526 1686 Akademiai Bp 1985 Jerzy Topolski Lengyelorszag tortenete Gondolat Bp 1989 Marko Laszlo A magyar allam fomeltosagai Szent Istvantol napjainkig 2 bov jav kiadas Bp 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Moses Szekely amp oldid 1184783401, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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