Mylossoma duriventre, the silver mylossoma, is a species of freshwater serrasalmid fish endemic to tropical and subtropicalSouth America. It grows to a maximum length of about 25 cm (10 in) and a weight of 1 kg (2.2 lb).[1] It is the subject of a local fishery, being known as 'pacu' in Brazil and 'palometa' in Venezuela (names it shares with several relatives).[2]
As traditionally defined, Mylossoma duriventre is native to the Amazon, Orinoco and Río de la Plata basins,[1] and to the Tocantins River and its western tributary, the Araguaia River. It prefers nutrient-rich waters but also occurs in the lower stretches of nutrient-poor rivers.[2]
In 2018, a review based on DNA and morphometrics restricted its range to the Río de la Plata Basin (Paraguay, lower Paraná and Uruguay rivers). Two species formerly considered synonyms of M. duriventre have been revalidated: M. albiscopum of the Amazon and Orinoco basins, and M. unimaculatum of the Tocantins–Araguaia basin.[3]
Ecologyedit
This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: The Amazon population is now recognized as a separate species, M. albiscopum (see Distribution and habitat section). Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(June 2018)
This species is potamodromous, migrating entirely within freshwater habitats. The migration pattern is not fully understood, but in the flood season in the Amazon, between December and March, the fish migrate from the lakes and pools on the floodplain to the larger rivers. Here they move upstream in large numbers to the spawning areas, although precisely where the fish spawn is unclear. The adults then move out of the rivers and onto the floor of the forest when this floods.[2] The larvae meanwhile are swept downstream, and when the forest floods, spread out into nursery areas on the floodplain where their planktonic food is more readily available. When the waters recede, both adults and juvenile fish move back into the rivers and move upstream to the floodplain lakes.[2][4] In the seasonally-flooded várzea forest, this fish is often found living in close association with Potamorhina altamazonica.[5]
Juvenile M. duriventre feed on insects and adults feed on fruits and seeds.[4]
Threatsedit
In parts of its range, M. duriventre is considered to be a vulnerable species. The threats it faces include the encroachment of agriculture on the forest habitat, mining, hydroelectric schemes, overfishing, tourism and recreational activities.[6] The seasonal flooding of the forest is important for the survival of the larvae of this fish.[4]
Referencesedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mylossoma duriventre.
^ abFroese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2013). "Mylossoma duriventre" in FishBase. April 2013 version.
^ abcdCarolsfeld, Joachim (2003). Migratory Fishes of South America: Biology, Fisheries and Conservation Status. IDRC. pp. 257–258. ISBN978-0-9683958-2-0.
^Mateussi, Nadayca T. B. ; Claudio Oliveira; & Carla S. Pavanelli (2018). Taxonomic Revision of the Cis-Andean Species of Mylossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 (Teleostei: Characiformes: Serrasalmidae). Zootaxa 4387(2): 275–309. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4387.2.3
^ abcHamlett, William C. (2012). Reproductive Biology of South American Vertebrates. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 52–66. ISBN978-1-4612-2866-0.
^Junk, Wolfgang J. (2013). The Central Amazon Floodplain: Ecology of a Pulsing System. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 393. ISBN978-3-662-03416-3.
^"Mylossoma duriventre" (PDF) (in Spanish). Uso Sostenible de Peces en la Cuenca del Plata. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
March 17, 2024
mylossoma, duriventris, other, fish, with, common, name, palometa, palometa, disambiguation, mylossoma, duriventre, silver, mylossoma, species, freshwater, serrasalmid, fish, endemic, tropical, subtropical, south, america, grows, maximum, length, about, weight. For other fish with the common name palometa see Palometa disambiguation Mylossoma duriventre the silver mylossoma is a species of freshwater serrasalmid fish endemic to tropical and subtropical South America It grows to a maximum length of about 25 cm 10 in and a weight of 1 kg 2 2 lb 1 It is the subject of a local fishery being known as pacu in Brazil and palometa in Venezuela names it shares with several relatives 2 Mylossoma duriventrePainting by Castelnau 1856X ray imageScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder CharaciformesFamily SerrasalmidaeGenus MylossomaSpecies M duriventreBinomial nameMylossoma duriventreG Cuvier 1818 Contents 1 Distribution and habitat 2 Ecology 3 Threats 4 ReferencesDistribution and habitat editAs traditionally defined Mylossoma duriventre is native to the Amazon Orinoco and Rio de la Plata basins 1 and to the Tocantins River and its western tributary the Araguaia River It prefers nutrient rich waters but also occurs in the lower stretches of nutrient poor rivers 2 In 2018 a review based on DNA and morphometrics restricted its range to the Rio de la Plata Basin Paraguay lower Parana and Uruguay rivers Two species formerly considered synonyms of M duriventre have been revalidated M albiscopum of the Amazon and Orinoco basins and M unimaculatum of the Tocantins Araguaia basin 3 Ecology editThis section needs to be updated The reason given is The Amazon population is now recognized as a separate species M albiscopum see Distribution and habitat section Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information June 2018 nbsp Varzea forest which floods in the rainy seasonThis species is potamodromous migrating entirely within freshwater habitats The migration pattern is not fully understood but in the flood season in the Amazon between December and March the fish migrate from the lakes and pools on the floodplain to the larger rivers Here they move upstream in large numbers to the spawning areas although precisely where the fish spawn is unclear The adults then move out of the rivers and onto the floor of the forest when this floods 2 The larvae meanwhile are swept downstream and when the forest floods spread out into nursery areas on the floodplain where their planktonic food is more readily available When the waters recede both adults and juvenile fish move back into the rivers and move upstream to the floodplain lakes 2 4 In the seasonally flooded varzea forest this fish is often found living in close association with Potamorhina altamazonica 5 Juvenile M duriventre feed on insects and adults feed on fruits and seeds 4 Threats editIn parts of its range M duriventre is considered to be a vulnerable species The threats it faces include the encroachment of agriculture on the forest habitat mining hydroelectric schemes overfishing tourism and recreational activities 6 The seasonal flooding of the forest is important for the survival of the larvae of this fish 4 References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mylossoma duriventre a b Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2013 Mylossoma duriventre in FishBase April 2013 version a b c d Carolsfeld Joachim 2003 Migratory Fishes of South America Biology Fisheries and Conservation Status IDRC pp 257 258 ISBN 978 0 9683958 2 0 Mateussi Nadayca T B Claudio Oliveira amp Carla S Pavanelli 2018 Taxonomic Revision of the Cis Andean Species of Mylossoma Eigenmann amp Kennedy 1903 Teleostei Characiformes Serrasalmidae Zootaxa 4387 2 275 309 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 4387 2 3 a b c Hamlett William C 2012 Reproductive Biology of South American Vertebrates Springer Science amp Business Media pp 52 66 ISBN 978 1 4612 2866 0 Junk Wolfgang J 2013 The Central Amazon Floodplain Ecology of a Pulsing System Springer Science amp Business Media p 393 ISBN 978 3 662 03416 3 Mylossoma duriventre PDF in Spanish Uso Sostenible de Peces en la Cuenca del Plata Retrieved 5 January 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mylossoma duriventris amp oldid 1189017743, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
