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Mycetozoa

January 20, 2023

Mycetozoa is a polyphyletic grouping of slime molds.[2] It was originally thought to be a monophyletic clade, but recently it was discovered that protostelia are a polyphyletic group within Conosa.[3]

Mycetozoa
Aethalium of a slime mold (Fuligo septica)
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Phylum: Amoebozoa
Subphylum: Conosa
Infraphylum: Mycetozoa
de Bary, 1873
Classes and orders
Synonyms
  • Eumycetozoa Zopf, 1884, emend. Olive, 1975
  • Myxomycota sensu Whittaker, 1969[1]

Classification

It can be divided into dictyostelid, myxogastrid, and protostelid groups.[4]

The mycetozoan groups all fit into the unikont supergroup Amoebozoa, whereas most other slime molds fit into various bikont groups (fonticulids are opisthokonts).

Utility in research

The dictyostelids are used as examples of cell communication and differentiation, and may provide insights into how multicellular organisms develop.

Physarum polycephalum are useful for studying cytoplasmic streaming. They have also been used to study the biochemical events that surround mitosis, since all of the nuclei in a medium-sized plasmodium divide in synchrony. It has been observed that they can find their way through mazes by spreading out and choosing the shortest path, an interesting example of information processing without a nervous system. Myxomycete plasmodia have also been used to study the genetics of asexual cell fusion. The giant size of the plasmodial cells allows for easy evaluation of complete or partial cell fusion.

In 2006, researchers at the University of Southampton and the University of Kobe reported that they had built a six-legged robot whose movement was remotely controlled by a Physarum slime mold.[5] The mold directed the robot into a dark corner most similar to its natural habitat.

Slime molds are sometimes studied in advanced mathematics courses. Slime mold aggregation is a natural process that can be approximated with partial differential equations.[citation needed]

Meiosis

Members of the Mycetozoa group are able to undergo sexual reproduction either by heterothallic or homothallic mating.[6][7][8] An analysis of meiosis-related genes in the Dictyostelium discoideum genome revealed that 36 of the 44 genes tested were present in the genome.[9] One gene, Spo11, was absent in the Mycetozoa, raising questions about the assumed universal role of Spo11 as an initiator of meiosis.[9]

References

  1. ^ Whittaker, R. H. (10 January 1969). "New Concepts of Kingdoms of Organisms". Science. 163 (3863): 150–160. Bibcode:1969Sci...163..150W. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150. PMID 5762760.
  2. ^ "Mycetozoa - Definition from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary". Retrieved 2009-03-27.
  3. ^ Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria; Nikolaev, Sergey I.; Nelson, Michaela; Pawlowski, Jan; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Baldauf, Sandra L. (January 2010). "Deep Phylogeny and Evolution of Slime Moulds (Mycetozoa)". Protist. 161 (1): 55–70. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2009.05.002. PMID 19656720.
  4. ^ Baldauf SL, Doolittle WF (October 1997). "Origin and evolution of the slime molds (Mycetozoa)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (22): 12007–12. Bibcode:1997PNAS...9412007B. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.12007. PMC 23686. PMID 9342353.
  5. ^ "Robot moved by a slime mould's fears - tech - 13 February 2006 - New Scientist". Retrieved 2009-03-27.
  6. ^ Robson GE, Williams KL (1980). "The mating system of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum". Curr. Genet. 1 (3): 229–32. doi:10.1007/BF00390948. PMID 24189663. S2CID 23172357.
  7. ^ Flowers JM, Li SI, Stathos A, Saxer G, Ostrowski EA, Queller DC, Strassmann JE, Purugganan MD (2010). "Variation, sex, and social cooperation: molecular population genetics of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum". PLOS Genet. 6 (7): e1001013. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001013. PMC 2895654. PMID 20617172.
  8. ^ O'Day DH, Keszei A (2012). "Signalling and sex in the social amoebozoans". Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 87 (2): 313–29. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00200.x. PMID 21929567. S2CID 205599638.
  9. ^ a b Tekle YI, Wood FC, Katz LA, Cerón-Romero MA, Gorfu LA (2017). "Amoebozoans are Secretly but Ancestrally Sexual: Evidence for Sex Genes and Potential Novel Crossover Pathways in Diverse Groups of Amoebae". Genome Biol Evol. 9 (2): 375–387. doi:10.1093/gbe/evx002. PMC 5381635. PMID 28087686.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mycetozoa.
 
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Mycetozoa".
  • Slime Molds
  • Slime Mold Solves Maze Puzzle from abc.net.au
  • Hunting Slime Molds from Smithsonian Magazine
  • "Robot Piloted by a Slime Mold". Slashdot. 2006. Retrieved February 15, 2006.
  • dictyBase is an online informatics resource for Dictyostelium, a cellular slime mould.
  • nomen.eumycetozoa.com is an online nomenclatural information system of slime moulds (Myxomycetes, Dictyostelids and Protostelids) of the world.
  • Photo gallery
  • Introduction to the "Slime Molds"
  • Slime Mold Photos Life cycle of Reticularia lycoperdon at MushooMania.com.
  • Video footage of common slime moulds.

January 20, 2023
mycetozoa, polyphyletic, grouping, slime, molds, originally, thought, monophyletic, clade, recently, discovered, that, protostelia, polyphyletic, group, within, conosa, aethalium, slime, mold, fuligo, septica, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotaphylum,. Mycetozoa is a polyphyletic grouping of slime molds 2 It was originally thought to be a monophyletic clade but recently it was discovered that protostelia are a polyphyletic group within Conosa 3 MycetozoaAethalium of a slime mold Fuligo septica Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaPhylum AmoebozoaSubphylum ConosaInfraphylum Mycetozoade Bary 1873Classes and ordersProtosteliaProtosteliidaMyxogastriaLiceida Echinosteliida Trichiida Stemonitida PhysaralesDictyosteliaDictyosteliidaSynonymsEumycetozoa Zopf 1884 emend Olive 1975 Myxomycota sensu Whittaker 1969 1 Contents 1 Classification 2 Utility in research 3 Meiosis 4 References 5 External linksClassification EditIt can be divided into dictyostelid myxogastrid and protostelid groups 4 The mycetozoan groups all fit into the unikont supergroup Amoebozoa whereas most other slime molds fit into various bikont groups fonticulids are opisthokonts Utility in research EditThe dictyostelids are used as examples of cell communication and differentiation and may provide insights into how multicellular organisms develop Physarum polycephalum are useful for studying cytoplasmic streaming They have also been used to study the biochemical events that surround mitosis since all of the nuclei in a medium sized plasmodium divide in synchrony It has been observed that they can find their way through mazes by spreading out and choosing the shortest path an interesting example of information processing without a nervous system Myxomycete plasmodia have also been used to study the genetics of asexual cell fusion The giant size of the plasmodial cells allows for easy evaluation of complete or partial cell fusion In 2006 researchers at the University of Southampton and the University of Kobe reported that they had built a six legged robot whose movement was remotely controlled by a Physarum slime mold 5 The mold directed the robot into a dark corner most similar to its natural habitat Slime molds are sometimes studied in advanced mathematics courses Slime mold aggregation is a natural process that can be approximated with partial differential equations citation needed Meiosis EditMembers of the Mycetozoa group are able to undergo sexual reproduction either by heterothallic or homothallic mating 6 7 8 An analysis of meiosis related genes in the Dictyostelium discoideum genome revealed that 36 of the 44 genes tested were present in the genome 9 One gene Spo11 was absent in the Mycetozoa raising questions about the assumed universal role of Spo11 as an initiator of meiosis 9 Slime mold on lawn USA Trail of movement can be seen Fuligo septica Brefeldia maxima on a tree stump in Scotland Sporangia types in the protostelids and in the myxogastrid groups Echinosteliales Liceales Trichiales Stemonitales Physarales References Edit Whittaker R H 10 January 1969 New Concepts of Kingdoms of Organisms Science 163 3863 150 160 Bibcode 1969Sci 163 150W doi 10 1126 science 163 3863 150 PMID 5762760 Mycetozoa Definition from Merriam Webster s Medical Dictionary Retrieved 2009 03 27 Fiore Donno Anna Maria Nikolaev Sergey I Nelson Michaela Pawlowski Jan Cavalier Smith Thomas Baldauf Sandra L January 2010 Deep Phylogeny and Evolution of Slime Moulds Mycetozoa Protist 161 1 55 70 doi 10 1016 j protis 2009 05 002 PMID 19656720 Baldauf SL Doolittle WF October 1997 Origin and evolution of the slime molds Mycetozoa Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 22 12007 12 Bibcode 1997PNAS 9412007B doi 10 1073 pnas 94 22 12007 PMC 23686 PMID 9342353 Robot moved by a slime mould s fears tech 13 February 2006 New Scientist Retrieved 2009 03 27 Robson GE Williams KL 1980 The mating system of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum Curr Genet 1 3 229 32 doi 10 1007 BF00390948 PMID 24189663 S2CID 23172357 Flowers JM Li SI Stathos A Saxer G Ostrowski EA Queller DC Strassmann JE Purugganan MD 2010 Variation sex and social cooperation molecular population genetics of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum PLOS Genet 6 7 e1001013 doi 10 1371 journal pgen 1001013 PMC 2895654 PMID 20617172 O Day DH Keszei A 2012 Signalling and sex in the social amoebozoans Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 87 2 313 29 doi 10 1111 j 1469 185X 2011 00200 x PMID 21929567 S2CID 205599638 a b Tekle YI Wood FC Katz LA Ceron Romero MA Gorfu LA 2017 Amoebozoans are Secretly but Ancestrally Sexual Evidence for Sex Genes and Potential Novel Crossover Pathways in Diverse Groups of Amoebae Genome Biol Evol 9 2 375 387 doi 10 1093 gbe evx002 PMC 5381635 PMID 28087686 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mycetozoa Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Mycetozoa Slime Molds Slime Mold Solves Maze Puzzle from abc net au Hunting Slime Molds from Smithsonian Magazine Robot Piloted by a Slime Mold Slashdot 2006 Retrieved February 15 2006 dictyBase is an online informatics resource for Dictyostelium a cellular slime mould nomen eumycetozoa com is an online nomenclatural information system of slime moulds Myxomycetes Dictyostelids and Protostelids of the world Photo gallery Introduction to the Slime Molds Slime Mold Photos Life cycle of Reticularia lycoperdon at MushooMania com Video footage of common slime moulds Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mycetozoa amp oldid 1133682319, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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