Squatting in Angola occurs when displaced peoples occupy informal settlements in coastal cities such as the capital Luanda. The Government of Angola has been criticized by human rights groups for forcibly evicting squatters and not resettling them.
Between 1575 and 1975, Angolan territory was partially colonised as Portuguese Angola. In the late 18th-century and early 19-century, escaped slaves joined with bandits to attack the Portuguese. There was also resistance from indigenous peoples such as the Herero and the Nyaneka. The latter squatted ancestral lands after being displaced from them.[1]
Angola became independent in 1975, then the Angolan Civil War began, lasting until 2002 and displacing an estimated 4 million people.[2][3] In 1975, the capital Luanda had 0.5 million inhabitants and by 2011 its population was 10 million of which 7 million lived in slums scattered across the city. In these squattedinformal settlements known as musseques, 55 per cent have electricity and 12.4 per cent have running water.[2] War accelerated the process of urbanization since Luanda and other coastal cities were perceived to be safer places than the interior.[3] The first slums dated back to the colonial era and since then more have been founded. Since 2002, a city-wide gentrification process in Luanda has led to evictions for shopping centres and luxury homes.[2]
In 2007, Amnesty International and Christian Aid criticised the government for forcibly evicting squatters and not resettling them. In one instance, the Catholic church had requested that 2,000 families be removed.[4] As well as occupying land, people also squatted buildings left derelict after being damaged in the civil war.[5]Human Rights Watch recorded an eviction of at least 5,000 people in 2013 from a shanty town in Maiombe, Luanda.[6]
Referencesedit
^Clarence‐Smith, W. G. (1985). "Runaway slaves and social bandits in Southern Angola, 1875–1913". Slavery & Abolition. 6 (3): 23–33. doi:10.1080/01440398508574891. ISSN 0144-039X.
^ abcBarros, Carlos Pestana; Balsas, Carlos J. L. (2019). "Luanda's Slums: An overview based on poverty and gentrification". Urban Development Issues. 64 (1): 29–38. doi:10.2478/udi-2019-0021. S2CID 210714581.
^ abCain, Allan (2007). "Housing microfinance in post-conflict Angola. Overcoming socioeconomic exclusion through land tenure and access to credit". Environment and Urbanization. 19 (2): 361–390. doi:10.1177/0956247807082819. S2CID 154536722.
^Biles, Peter (15 January 2007). "Angola 'made thousands homeless'". BBC News. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
^Deverajan, Shanta (9 February 2011). "Luanda's vertical slums". World Bank. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
^"Angola: Scores Detained, Convicted After Forced Evictions". Human Rights Watch. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
January 01, 1970
squatting, angola, occurs, when, displaced, peoples, occupy, informal, settlements, coastal, cities, such, capital, luanda, government, angola, been, criticized, human, rights, groups, forcibly, evicting, squatters, resettling, them, angola, globe, shacks, per. Squatting in Angola occurs when displaced peoples occupy informal settlements in coastal cities such as the capital Luanda The Government of Angola has been criticized by human rights groups for forcibly evicting squatters and not resettling them Angola on globe Shacks on periphery of LuandaHistory editBetween 1575 and 1975 Angolan territory was partially colonised as Portuguese Angola In the late 18th century and early 19 century escaped slaves joined with bandits to attack the Portuguese There was also resistance from indigenous peoples such as the Herero and the Nyaneka The latter squatted ancestral lands after being displaced from them 1 Angola became independent in 1975 then the Angolan Civil War began lasting until 2002 and displacing an estimated 4 million people 2 3 In 1975 the capital Luanda had 0 5 million inhabitants and by 2011 its population was 10 million of which 7 million lived in slums scattered across the city In these squatted informal settlements known as musseques 55 per cent have electricity and 12 4 per cent have running water 2 War accelerated the process of urbanization since Luanda and other coastal cities were perceived to be safer places than the interior 3 The first slums dated back to the colonial era and since then more have been founded Since 2002 a city wide gentrification process in Luanda has led to evictions for shopping centres and luxury homes 2 In 2007 Amnesty International and Christian Aid criticised the government for forcibly evicting squatters and not resettling them In one instance the Catholic church had requested that 2 000 families be removed 4 As well as occupying land people also squatted buildings left derelict after being damaged in the civil war 5 Human Rights Watch recorded an eviction of at least 5 000 people in 2013 from a shanty town in Maiombe Luanda 6 References edit Clarence Smith W G 1985 Runaway slaves and social bandits in Southern Angola 1875 1913 Slavery amp Abolition 6 3 23 33 doi 10 1080 01440398508574891 ISSN 0144 039X a b c Barros Carlos Pestana Balsas Carlos J L 2019 Luanda s Slums An overview based on poverty and gentrification Urban Development Issues 64 1 29 38 doi 10 2478 udi 2019 0021 S2CID 210714581 a b Cain Allan 2007 Housing microfinance in post conflict Angola Overcoming socioeconomic exclusion through land tenure and access to credit Environment and Urbanization 19 2 361 390 doi 10 1177 0956247807082819 S2CID 154536722 Biles Peter 15 January 2007 Angola made thousands homeless BBC News Retrieved 10 April 2021 Deverajan Shanta 9 February 2011 Luanda s vertical slums World Bank Retrieved 10 April 2021 Angola Scores Detained Convicted After Forced Evictions Human Rights Watch 26 February 2013 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Squatting in Angola amp oldid 1189654248, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
