For the "forget-me-nots" plant genus, see Myosotis. For the phase of cell division where replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei, see Mitosis. For the genus of bats otherwise known as “mouse-eared bats”, see Myotis.
Myositis is a rarely-encountered medical condition characterized by inflammation affecting the muscles.[2] The manifestations of this condition may include skin issues, muscle weakness, and the potential involvement of other organs.[3] Additionally, systemic symptoms like weight loss, fatigue, and low-grade fever can manifest in individuals with myositis.
Myositis
A muscle biopsy from someone who is diagnosed with myositis.
Myositis can arise from various causes, including injury, certain medications, infections, inherited muscle disorders, or autoimmune conditions. In some instances, the origins of myositis remain idiopathic, without a discernible cause.
Injury - A mild form of myositis can occur with hard exercise.[4] A more severe form of muscle injury, called rhabdomyolysis, is also associated with myositis.[4] This is a condition where an injury to the patient's muscles causes them to quickly break down.[4]
Medicines - A variety of different medicines can cause myositis. One of the most common types of drugs that can cause myositis are statins, which are used to lower cholesterol levels. One of the most common side effects of statin therapy is muscle pain[5] which, more rarely, can lead to myositis.[5]
There are various tools that can be used to help diagnose myositis. The most common methods are physical examination, electromyography (EMG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), muscle biopsy, and blood tests. The first course of action a doctor will likely take is perform a physical exam.[2] The doctor assesses for muscle weakness or rashes.
Another possible test is electromyography. This test involves the insertion of small needles into the patient's muscles.[4] This allows a physician to look at the muscles’ responses to various electrical nerve stimuli and evaluate which muscles potentially have myositis.[4]Magnetic resonance imaging can be useful in diagnosis,[9] allowing painless, non-invasive visualisation of any muscle wastage.[4]
Muscle biopsies, however, are the most reliable tests for diagnosing myositis.[4]
There are also a variety of blood tests available that help in the diagnosis of myositis. The doctor may look for an elevation of creatine kinase in the blood, which is indicative of muscle inflammation.[4] Certain autoantibodies (antibodies that target muscle cells) can also be found in the blood, which can indicate that myositis is caused by an autoimmune disease.[3] Some specific examples of autoantibodies are Anti-Jo-1, Anti-HMGCR, Anti-TIF1, etc.[3]
Treatmentedit
Treatment for myositis depends on the underlying cause.[4] For myositis, which is caused by a viral infection, no treatment is typically needed.[4] For myositis caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics can be used.[4] For myositis caused by a medication, it is important to stop using that medication.[4]
There are a variety of treatment options available if myositis is caused by an autoimmune disease. Glucocorticoids are often the first choice for treatment.[10] This drug works to weaken the immune system so that it is not able to attack the muscles. It is a type of steroid and can cause a wide array of side effects, such as mood changes, increased hunger, trouble sleeping, etc. Another treatment option is a steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agent.[10] This also works to weaken the immune system but does not cause the side effects that steroids do. Another treatment option is a class of drugs called biologics.[10] Also, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) have been shown to be effective in the treatment of myositis caused by an autoimmune disease.[11]
^ abCarstens PO, Schmidt J (March 2014). "Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of myositis: recent advances". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 175 (3): 349–358. doi:10.1111/cei.12194. PMC3927896. PMID 23981102.
^ abcBetteridge Z, McHugh N (July 2016). "Myositis-specific autoantibodies: an important tool to support diagnosis of myositis". Journal of Internal Medicine. 280 (1): 8–23. doi:10.1111/joim.12451. PMID 26602539. S2CID 41157692.
^ abcdefghijklmnoHoffman M (19 April 2021). DerSarkissian C (ed.). "Myositis: Symptoms and Causes". WebMD. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
^Szczęsny P, Świerkocka K, Olesińska M (2018). "Differential diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in adults - the first step when approaching a patient with muscle weakness". Reumatologia. 56 (5): 307–315. doi:10.5114/reum.2018.79502. PMC6263305. PMID 30505013.
^Saud A, Naveen R, Aggarwal R, Gupta L (July 2021). "COVID-19 and Myositis: What We Know So Far". Current Rheumatology Reports. 23 (8): 63. doi:10.1007/s11926-021-01023-9. PMC8254439. PMID 34216297.
^Tarnopolsky MA, Hatcher E, Shupak R (May 2016). "Genetic Myopathies Initially Diagnosed and Treated as Inflammatory Myopathy". The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques. 43 (3): 381–384. doi:10.1017/cjn.2015.386. PMID 26911292. S2CID 25515951.
^Pipitone N (November 2016). "Value of MRI in diagnostics and evaluation of myositis". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 28 (6): 625–630. doi:10.1097/BOR.0000000000000326. PMID 27454210. S2CID 25027014.
^ abcSasaki H, Kohsaka H (November 2018). "Current diagnosis and treatment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis". Modern Rheumatology. 28 (6): 913–921. doi:10.1080/14397595.2018.1467257. PMID 29669460. S2CID 4934267.
^Mulhearn B, Bruce IN (March 2015). "Indications for IVIG in rheumatic diseases". Rheumatology. 54 (3): 383–391. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keu429. PMC4334686. PMID 25406359.
myositis, forget, nots, plant, genus, myosotis, phase, cell, division, where, replicated, chromosomes, separated, into, nuclei, mitosis, genus, bats, otherwise, known, mouse, eared, bats, myotis, rarely, encountered, medical, condition, characterized, inflamma. For the forget me nots plant genus see Myosotis For the phase of cell division where replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei see Mitosis For the genus of bats otherwise known as mouse eared bats see Myotis Myositis is a rarely encountered medical condition characterized by inflammation affecting the muscles 2 The manifestations of this condition may include skin issues muscle weakness and the potential involvement of other organs 3 Additionally systemic symptoms like weight loss fatigue and low grade fever can manifest in individuals with myositis MyositisA muscle biopsy from someone who is diagnosed with myositis SpecialtyRheumatologyComplicationsAmplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome 1 CausesAutoimmunity idiopathic adverse drug reaction Contents 1 Causes 2 Diagnosis 3 Treatment 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksCauses editMyositis can arise from various causes including injury certain medications infections inherited muscle disorders or autoimmune conditions In some instances the origins of myositis remain idiopathic without a discernible cause Injury A mild form of myositis can occur with hard exercise 4 A more severe form of muscle injury called rhabdomyolysis is also associated with myositis 4 This is a condition where an injury to the patient s muscles causes them to quickly break down 4 Medicines A variety of different medicines can cause myositis One of the most common types of drugs that can cause myositis are statins which are used to lower cholesterol levels One of the most common side effects of statin therapy is muscle pain 5 which more rarely can lead to myositis 5 Infection The most common infectious cause of myositis is viral infections such as the common cold 4 It can also include bacterial parasitic and fungal infections 6 Viruses such as COVID 19 are also shown to be a rare cause of myositis 7 Benign acute childhood myositis has been described in children after prodromal viral infections with different viral agents Inherited muscle disease Many inherited myopathies may have secondary myositis including calpainopathy dysferlinopathy facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy dystrophinopathy and LMNA associated myopathy 8 Autoimmune Autoimmune disease is an abnormal immune response to specific body protein or other biomolecular target such as one of the muscles The three main types of idiopathic myositis known as inflammatory myopathies that typically test positive for autoantibodies are dermatomyositis polymyositis and inclusion body myositis 4 Other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus can also cause myositis like symptoms 4 Diagnosis editThere are various tools that can be used to help diagnose myositis The most common methods are physical examination electromyography EMG magnetic resonance imaging MRI muscle biopsy and blood tests The first course of action a doctor will likely take is perform a physical exam 2 The doctor assesses for muscle weakness or rashes Another possible test is electromyography This test involves the insertion of small needles into the patient s muscles 4 This allows a physician to look at the muscles responses to various electrical nerve stimuli and evaluate which muscles potentially have myositis 4 Magnetic resonance imaging can be useful in diagnosis 9 allowing painless non invasive visualisation of any muscle wastage 4 Muscle biopsies however are the most reliable tests for diagnosing myositis 4 There are also a variety of blood tests available that help in the diagnosis of myositis The doctor may look for an elevation of creatine kinase in the blood which is indicative of muscle inflammation 4 Certain autoantibodies antibodies that target muscle cells can also be found in the blood which can indicate that myositis is caused by an autoimmune disease 3 Some specific examples of autoantibodies are Anti Jo 1 Anti HMGCR Anti TIF1 etc 3 Treatment editTreatment for myositis depends on the underlying cause 4 For myositis which is caused by a viral infection no treatment is typically needed 4 For myositis caused by a bacterial infection antibiotics can be used 4 For myositis caused by a medication it is important to stop using that medication 4 There are a variety of treatment options available if myositis is caused by an autoimmune disease Glucocorticoids are often the first choice for treatment 10 This drug works to weaken the immune system so that it is not able to attack the muscles It is a type of steroid and can cause a wide array of side effects such as mood changes increased hunger trouble sleeping etc Another treatment option is a steroid sparing immunosuppressive agent 10 This also works to weaken the immune system but does not cause the side effects that steroids do Another treatment option is a class of drugs called biologics 10 Also intravenous immunoglobulins IVIg have been shown to be effective in the treatment of myositis caused by an autoimmune disease 11 See also editBenign acute childhood myositis Inflammatory myopathies Myopathy muscle disease Myalgia muscle pain Masticatory muscle myositis a disease in dogs Perimyositis Sarcoidosis Bones joints and musclesReferences edit Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome AMPS Children s Health a b Carstens PO Schmidt J March 2014 Diagnosis pathogenesis and treatment of myositis recent advances Clinical and Experimental Immunology 175 3 349 358 doi 10 1111 cei 12194 PMC 3927896 PMID 23981102 a b c Betteridge Z McHugh N July 2016 Myositis specific autoantibodies an important tool to support diagnosis of myositis Journal of Internal Medicine 280 1 8 23 doi 10 1111 joim 12451 PMID 26602539 S2CID 41157692 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Hoffman M 19 April 2021 DerSarkissian C ed Myositis Symptoms and Causes WebMD Retrieved 2022 06 12 a b Sathasivam S Lecky B November 2008 Statin induced myopathy BMJ 337 a2286 doi 10 1136 bmj a2286 PMID 18988647 S2CID 3239804 Szczesny P Swierkocka K Olesinska M 2018 Differential diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in adults the first step when approaching a patient with muscle weakness Reumatologia 56 5 307 315 doi 10 5114 reum 2018 79502 PMC 6263305 PMID 30505013 Saud A Naveen R Aggarwal R Gupta L July 2021 COVID 19 and Myositis What We Know So Far Current Rheumatology Reports 23 8 63 doi 10 1007 s11926 021 01023 9 PMC 8254439 PMID 34216297 Tarnopolsky MA Hatcher E Shupak R May 2016 Genetic Myopathies Initially Diagnosed and Treated as Inflammatory Myopathy The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Le Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43 3 381 384 doi 10 1017 cjn 2015 386 PMID 26911292 S2CID 25515951 Pipitone N November 2016 Value of MRI in diagnostics and evaluation of myositis Current Opinion in Rheumatology 28 6 625 630 doi 10 1097 BOR 0000000000000326 PMID 27454210 S2CID 25027014 a b c Sasaki H Kohsaka H November 2018 Current diagnosis and treatment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis Modern Rheumatology 28 6 913 921 doi 10 1080 14397595 2018 1467257 PMID 29669460 S2CID 4934267 Mulhearn B Bruce IN March 2015 Indications for IVIG in rheumatic diseases Rheumatology 54 3 383 391 doi 10 1093 rheumatology keu429 PMC 4334686 PMID 25406359 External links editMyositis NIH Myositis Association https www myositis org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Myositis amp oldid 1218272848, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
