Abu 'Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Bin al-Husayn al-Sulami al-Shafi'i (Arabic: محمد بن حسين السلمي), commonly known as Al-Sulami[3] (425-412). He was a Shafi'imuhaddith (Hadith Master), muffassir (Qur'anic commentator), Shaykh of the Awliya, Sufi hagiographer, and a prolific writer.[4][5]Al-Dhahabi said of him: "He was of very high status."[1]
Al-Sulami was born in the city of Nishapur in the year 947 C.E and came from a modest background and was orphaned in his teens after the passing of his father who was known for his piety and refined manners. His grandfather became his new guardian, who raised him up and took charge of his education. Al-Sulami was only 8 years old when he began to narrate hadiths which were narrated in writings and directly taken from his teacher, Sheikh Abu Bakr al-Subghi.[1]
Educationedit
An avid student of Hadith, al-Sulami travelled extensively and narrated hadiths from scholars in Nishapur, Merv, Iraq, Hejaz (Mecca & Medina) and he transmitted Hadith to narrators for over 40 years. His works became prominent and have spread far wide during his lifetime.[6] Al-Sulami received his teaching certificate (ijaza) from Abu Sahl al-Su`luki and, some time after, he received the Sufi cloak (khirka) from Abu'l-Kasim al-Nasrabadhi (d. 367/977-8), who just ten years ago became a Sufi at the hands of Abu Bakr al-Shibli.[7]
Teachersedit
Al-Sulami studied under numerous Hadith scholars, his most prominent ones include:[1]
Ahmad Ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali al-Tusi (the uncle of the great Imam al-Ghazali)
Umar Ibn Ismail al-Jissimi (a jurist scholar)
Deathedit
Towards the end of his lifetime, al-Sulami founded a spiritual khanqa for Iʿtikāf. His intention was to build a solitude for pious worshippers and spiritual seekers of Nishapur, which was then visited by the famous Imam al-Khatib. When Al-Sulami passed away, he was buried in the same spiritual house he founded.[8][9]
Legacyedit
To this date, al-Sulami works remain one of the most important authorities in early history of Sufi literature and many of his books have been preserved over the centuries. It has been both copied and produced since the middle of the last century. Preserved more than any other Sufi source, al-Sulami writings on the explanation of the mystical meanings behind the letters shows a method in which Sufis of the second/eight to the fourth/tenth centuries have interpreted the meaning of the Arabic letters and alphabetic groupings.[10]
Receptionedit
Al-Hakim said: "He was abundant in his auditions and narrations of Hadiths and meticulous in narration."[11]
Abu Nu'aym said: He achieved complete Mastery of the Ways of the Awliya (Tassawuf), so much as to summarize it according to the explanation of the ancient (oldest Friends of God).[11]
Al-Khatib said: "Al-Sulami was a proficient authority in Hadith."[11]
Al-Dhahabi said: The Imam, the hafiz, the Muhaddith, the Sheikh of Khorasan, and the great Sufi."
Worksedit
Al-Sulami started writing and authoring when he was in his 20's and continued to write until his death 50 years later. He authored over 100 works:[12]
Adaab al-Sufiya, a book on the manners of the Sufis.
Adaab al-Suhba wa Husn al-Ushra
Amtaal al-Qu'ran
Al-Arba'een fi al-Hadith, a text written about simple living and Ascetism (abandoning the world to seek Allah).
Bayaan Ahwaal al-Sufiyya
Darajaat al-Muamalaat, an explanatory text glossary different Sufi terminology & words.
Darajaat al-Sadiqeen, a text about the ranks of the Righteous.
Al-Farq Bayn al-Sharia wal Haqiqa
Al-Futuwwa ("Spiritual Chivlry" )
Ghalataat al-Sufiyya, a critical text about certain Sufi exclamations expressing emotions and refutation against false beliefs such as indwelling, incarnation & reincarnation, uncreatedness of the soul, etc.
Haqaiq al-Tafsir, a commentary on the Noble Qu'ran from a Sufi spiritual perspective which achieved much fame in Al-Sulami's lifetime.[13]
Al-Ikhwatu wal-Akhaawaat min al-Sufiyya
Al-Istishadaat
Jamaami Adaab al-Sufiyya
Al-Malamatiyya, a detailed expose text that was published in Cairo in 1945.
Manaahij al-Arifeen
Maqamaat al-Awliya, ("The Spiritual Stations of the Friends of Allah"). Sheikh al-Akhbar Ibn Arabi used it for his book, 'Muhadaraat al-Abrar'.
Masail Waradat min Makka
Mihan al-Sufiyya ("The Trails of the Sufis")
Al-Muqaddima fi al-Tassawuf Wa Haqiqatih
Al-Radd ala Ahle al-Kalam, Al-Sama
Al-Sualaat, a text about technical questions that Sheikh Al-Sulami put forward to the Hadith Master, Sheikh Al-Daraqutni concerning the narrators of Hadiths
Suluk al-Arifeen
Sunan al-Sufiyya
Tabaqaat al-Sufiyya, this was a biographical masterpiece that Al-Sulami compiled.
Tahzib al-Nasikh wal-Mansukh fil Qu'ran lu Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri
Tarikh Ahle al-Suffa, which was compiled before his masterpiece, the Tabaqaat. Al-Dhahabi uses it much as a reference in is book, Tarikh al-Islam (History of Islam) and Imam al-Asbahani uses it in his Hilyat al-Awliya.
Uyub al-Nafs wa Mudaratuha
Wasiyya
Zilal al-Faqr
Al-Zuhd, this work consists in narrations (Hadiths) from the first three generations of believers: the companions (Sahaba), the pious successor (Tabi'een) and their successors (Taba tab'ieen).
^Thibon, Jean-Jacques (24 June 2019). Les Générations Des Soufis Ṭabaqāt Al-ṣūfiyya de Abū ʿAbd Al-Raḥmān, Muḥammad B. Ḥusayn Al-Sulamī (325/937-412/1021). Brill. ISBN9789004396760.
Zulfiqar Ayub (2 May 2015). THE BIOGRAPHIES OF THE ELITE LIVES OF THE SCHOLARS, IMAMS & HADITH MASTERS Biographies of The Imams & Scholars. pp. 159–163.
Josef van Ess (12 March 2018). JKleine Schriften by Josef Van Ess (3 Vols). Vol. 3. Brill. p. 2604. ISBN9789004336483.
Bilal Orfali (11 November 2011). In the Shadow of Arabic: The Centrality of Language to Arabic Culture Studies Presented to Ramzi Baalbaki on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday. Brill. p. 344. ISBN9789004216136.
N. Hanif (2002). Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis Central Asia and Middle East. Sarup & Sons. p. 502. ISBN9788176252669.
sulami, rahman, muhammad, husayn, sulami, shafi, arabic, محمد, بن, حسين, السلمي, commonly, known, shafi, muhaddith, hadith, master, muffassir, anic, commentator, shaykh, awliya, sufi, hagiographer, prolific, writer, dhahabi, said, very, high, status, titleshay. Abu Abd al Rahman Muhammad Bin al Husayn al Sulami al Shafi i Arabic محمد بن حسين السلمي commonly known as Al Sulami 3 425 412 He was a Shafi i muhaddith Hadith Master muffassir Qur anic commentator Shaykh of the Awliya Sufi hagiographer and a prolific writer 4 5 Al Dhahabi said of him He was of very high status 1 Al SulamiTitleShaykh al AwliyaAl ḤafiẓPersonalBorn947NishapurDied1034 aged 86 87 NishapurReligionIslamRegionKhorasanDenominationSunniJurisprudenceShafi iCreedAsh ari 1 2 Main interest s Hadith Tafsir Tasawwuf HagiographyMuslim leaderInfluenced by Al Shafi iAbu Hasan al Ash ariAl DaraqutniAl Hakim al NishapuriInfluenced Al QushayriAl Bayhaqi Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early 1 2 Education 1 3 Teachers 1 4 Students 1 5 Death 2 Legacy 3 Reception 4 Works 5 See also 6 Citations 7 ReferencesBiography editEarly edit Al Sulami was born in the city of Nishapur in the year 947 C E and came from a modest background and was orphaned in his teens after the passing of his father who was known for his piety and refined manners His grandfather became his new guardian who raised him up and took charge of his education Al Sulami was only 8 years old when he began to narrate hadiths which were narrated in writings and directly taken from his teacher Sheikh Abu Bakr al Subghi 1 Education edit An avid student of Hadith al Sulami travelled extensively and narrated hadiths from scholars in Nishapur Merv Iraq Hejaz Mecca amp Medina and he transmitted Hadith to narrators for over 40 years His works became prominent and have spread far wide during his lifetime 6 Al Sulami received his teaching certificate ijaza from Abu Sahl al Su luki and some time after he received the Sufi cloak khirka from Abu l Kasim al Nasrabadhi d 367 977 8 who just ten years ago became a Sufi at the hands of Abu Bakr al Shibli 7 Teachers edit Al Sulami studied under numerous Hadith scholars his most prominent ones include 1 Al Daraqutni Al Hakim al Nishapuri Bin Muhammad al Nishapuri Hadith master Abu Amr Ismail Bin Nujayd his Muhaddith grandfather Students edit Al Sulami had many students who narrated from him among them were 1 Al Qushayri Al Bayhaqi Ahmed al Thaqafi al Jubari Imam of Asbahan Ahmad Ibn Muhammad al Ghazali al Tusi the uncle of the great Imam al Ghazali Umar Ibn Ismail al Jissimi a jurist scholar Death edit Towards the end of his lifetime al Sulami founded a spiritual khanqa for Iʿtikaf His intention was to build a solitude for pious worshippers and spiritual seekers of Nishapur which was then visited by the famous Imam al Khatib When Al Sulami passed away he was buried in the same spiritual house he founded 8 9 Legacy editTo this date al Sulami works remain one of the most important authorities in early history of Sufi literature and many of his books have been preserved over the centuries It has been both copied and produced since the middle of the last century Preserved more than any other Sufi source al Sulami writings on the explanation of the mystical meanings behind the letters shows a method in which Sufis of the second eight to the fourth tenth centuries have interpreted the meaning of the Arabic letters and alphabetic groupings 10 Reception editAl Hakim said He was abundant in his auditions and narrations of Hadiths and meticulous in narration 11 Abu Nu aym said He achieved complete Mastery of the Ways of the Awliya Tassawuf so much as to summarize it according to the explanation of the ancient oldest Friends of God 11 Al Khatib said Al Sulami was a proficient authority in Hadith 11 Al Dhahabi said The Imam the hafiz the Muhaddith the Sheikh of Khorasan and the great Sufi Works editAl Sulami started writing and authoring when he was in his 20 s and continued to write until his death 50 years later He authored over 100 works 12 Adaab al Sufiya a book on the manners of the Sufis Adaab al Suhba wa Husn al Ushra Amtaal al Qu ran Al Arba een fi al Hadith a text written about simple living and Ascetism abandoning the world to seek Allah Bayaan Ahwaal al Sufiyya Darajaat al Muamalaat an explanatory text glossary different Sufi terminology amp words Darajaat al Sadiqeen a text about the ranks of the Righteous Al Farq Bayn al Sharia wal Haqiqa Al Futuwwa Spiritual Chivlry Ghalataat al Sufiyya a critical text about certain Sufi exclamations expressing emotions and refutation against false beliefs such as indwelling incarnation amp reincarnation uncreatedness of the soul etc Haqaiq al Tafsir a commentary on the Noble Qu ran from a Sufi spiritual perspective which achieved much fame in Al Sulami s lifetime 13 Al Ikhwatu wal Akhaawaat min al Sufiyya Al Istishadaat Jamaami Adaab al Sufiyya Al Malamatiyya a detailed expose text that was published in Cairo in 1945 Manaahij al Arifeen Maqamaat al Awliya The Spiritual Stations of the Friends of Allah Sheikh al Akhbar Ibn Arabi used it for his book Muhadaraat al Abrar Masail Waradat min Makka Mihan al Sufiyya The Trails of the Sufis Al Muqaddima fi al Tassawuf Wa Haqiqatih Al Radd ala Ahle al Kalam Al Sama Al Sualaat a text about technical questions that Sheikh Al Sulami put forward to the Hadith Master Sheikh Al Daraqutni concerning the narrators of Hadiths Suluk al Arifeen Sunan al Sufiyya Tabaqaat al Sufiyya this was a biographical masterpiece that Al Sulami compiled Tahzib al Nasikh wal Mansukh fil Qu ran lu Ibn Shihab al Zuhri Tarikh Ahle al Suffa which was compiled before his masterpiece the Tabaqaat Al Dhahabi uses it much as a reference in is book Tarikh al Islam History of Islam and Imam al Asbahani uses it in his Hilyat al Awliya Uyub al Nafs wa Mudaratuha Wasiyya Zilal al Faqr Al Zuhd this work consists in narrations Hadiths from the first three generations of believers the companions Sahaba the pious successor Tabi een and their successors Taba tab ieen See also editList of Ash aris List of SufisCitations edit a b c d e Zulfiqar Ayub 2015 p 159 Al Bayhaqi 1999 Allah s Names and Attributes Vol 4 of Islamic Doctrines amp Beliefs Translated by Gibril Fouad Haddad Islamic Supreme Council of America p 3 ISBN 9781930409033 Josef van Ess 2018 p 2604 Thibon Jean Jacques 24 June 2019 Les Generations Des Soufis Ṭabaqat Al ṣufiyya de Abu ʿAbd Al Raḥman Muḥammad B Ḥusayn Al Sulami 325 937 412 1021 Brill ISBN 9789004396760 Kristin Sands 2006 p 9 Zulfiqar Ayub 2015 p 160 N Hanif 2002 p 502 Zulfiqar Ayub 2015 p 163 Jawid A Mojaddedi 2013 p 9 Bilal Orfali 2011 p 344 a b c Zulfiqar Ayub 2015 p 161 Zulfiqar Ayub 2015 p 162 Andrew Rippin 2008 p 352References editZulfiqar Ayub 2 May 2015 THE BIOGRAPHIES OF THE ELITE LIVES OF THE SCHOLARS IMAMS amp HADITH MASTERS Biographies of The Imams amp Scholars pp 159 163 Andrew Rippin 15 April 2008 The Blackwell Companion to the Qur an Wiley p 352 ISBN 9781405178440 Kristin Sands 13 July 2006 Sufi Commentaries on the Qur an in Classical Islam Taylor amp Francis p 69 ISBN 9781134211449 Jawid A Mojaddedi 19 November 2013 The Biographical Tradition in Sufism The Tabaqat Genre from Al Sulami to Jami Taylor amp Francis p 9 ISBN 9781136843211 Josef van Ess 12 March 2018 JKleine Schriften by Josef Van Ess 3 Vols Vol 3 Brill p 2604 ISBN 9789004336483 Bilal Orfali 11 November 2011 In the Shadow of Arabic The Centrality of Language to Arabic Culture Studies Presented to Ramzi Baalbaki on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday Brill p 344 ISBN 9789004216136 N Hanif 2002 Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis Central Asia and Middle East Sarup amp Sons p 502 ISBN 9788176252669 Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Islam Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Al Sulami amp oldid 1178417313, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
