Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh ("Cave of the Robbers")[1] is a prehistoric archaeological site in Upper Galilee, Israel.[2] It is situated 800 m (2,600 ft) from the Nahal Amud outlet, approximately 30 m (98 ft) above the wadi bed (148 m (486 ft) below sea level). It was found to house a fossil today known as the "Galilee skull" or "The Yabrudian Man".[3]
Zuttiyeh cave is at the opening of a limestone ravine where Nahal Amud turns eastward, 250 m (820 ft) above a smaller cave known as Mugharet el-Emireh (Cave of the Princess).[8]
The cave was excavated from 1925 to 1926 by Francis Turville-Petre.[6] It was the first paleontological excavation in the region.[10] Turville-Petre discovered a skull, referred to as the Galilee Skull, that was initially described as the second Neanderthal-like specimen. It was originally attributed to a Mousterian stratum and is now thought to be from an earlier Acheulo-Yabrudian complex. Later studies showed that the face was relatively flat, with no evidence of Neanderthal-like facial prognathism.[6]
The frontal bone and part of the upper face were found in the Mugharan level, which leads to an estimate of the age of the fossil to range from 200 to 500 kya.[11] Similarities with Zhoukoudian remains suggest a possible ancestral relationship.[12]
^Freidline, S.E.; Gunz, P.; Janković, I.; Harvati, K.; Hublin, J.J. (2012). "A comprehensive morphometric analysis of the frontal and zygomatic bone of the Zuttiyeh fossil from Israel" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution. 62 (2): 225–241. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.005. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
^Human Evolution (2011-12-17). "The Zuttiyeh specimen from Israel, Galilee Skull or The Palestinian Skull". Pfpuech.newsvine.com. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
^ abRast, Walter E. (1992). Through the Ages in Palestinian Archaeology: An Introductory Handbook. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 50. ISBN9781563380556."Galilee man" (lowercase "m") in this source is a typo – ref. Solo Man, Peking Man and so forth.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^ abCohen, Getzel M.; Joukowsky, Martha (2004). Breaking Ground: Pioneering Women Archaeologists. University of Michigan Press. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
^The stone age of Mount Carmel : report of the Joint Expedition of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem and the American School of Prehistoric Research, 1929–1934, p. 18
^Pettitt, Paul (2013). The Palaeolithic Origins of Human Burial. Routledge. p. 59.Rabett, Ryan J. (2012). Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary. Cambridge University Press. p. 90.
^Garrod, D. E. A. (1955). "The Mugharet el-Emireh in Lower Galilee: Type-Station of the Emiran Industry". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 85 (1/2): 141–162. doi:10.2307/2844188. JSTOR 2844188.
^ ab"The Israel Museum Permanent Exhibitions: Archaeology Wing – The Dawn of Civilization". New York: The Ridgefield Foundation. 1995. Skull (cast) Zuttiyeh Cave Lower Palaeolithic. Retrieved 2013-03-13.
^Sohn, Songy; Wolpoff, Milford H. (2013-03-25). "Zuttiyeh face: A view from the East" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 91 (3): 325–47. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330910307. hdl:2027.42/37665. PMID 8333489.
Further readingedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zuttiyeh cave.
Lahr, Marta Mirazón (1996). The evolution of modern human diversity: a study of cranial variation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-47393-4.
Delson, Eric; Tattersall, Ian; Van Couvering, John A. (2000). Encyclopedia of human evolution and prehistory. Taylor & Francis. ISBN0-203-00942-8.
External linksedit
What does it mean to be human?
On the Animal Remains Obtained from the Mugharet-el-Zuttiyeh in 1925 & 1926 at Google Books
May 01, 2024
mugharet, zuttiyeh, cave, robbers, prehistoric, archaeological, site, upper, galilee, israel, situated, from, nahal, amud, outlet, approximately, above, wadi, below, level, found, house, fossil, today, known, galilee, skull, yabrudian, zuttiyeh, caveentrance, . Mugharet el Zuttiyeh Cave of the Robbers 1 is a prehistoric archaeological site in Upper Galilee Israel 2 It is situated 800 m 2 600 ft from the Nahal Amud outlet approximately 30 m 98 ft above the wadi bed 148 m 486 ft below sea level It was found to house a fossil today known as the Galilee skull or The Yabrudian Man 3 Zuttiyeh CaveMugharet el ZuttiyehEntrance to Zuttiyeh Cave GalileeShow map of Northeast IsraelShow map of IsraelShow map of Near EastAlternative nameCave of the RobbersRegionUpper Galilee IsraelCoordinates32 51 21 N 35 31 38 E 32 855797 N 35 527210 E 32 855797 35 527210Typelimestone caveHistoryCulturesAcheulo Yabrudian complexAssociated withHomo heidelbergensisSite notesArchaeologistsFrancis Turville Petre Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksHistory editDiscovered in 1925 the skull was the first fossilised archaic human found in Western Asia 4 Together with the remains found at Es Skhul and the Wadi el Mughara Caves this find was classified in 1939 by Arthur Keith and Theodore D McCown de as Palaeoanthropus palestinensis 5 Today its taxonomy is that of Homo heidelbergensis 6 7 Zuttiyeh cave is at the opening of a limestone ravine where Nahal Amud turns eastward 250 m 820 ft above a smaller cave known as Mugharet el Emireh Cave of the Princess 8 nbsp A cast of the Galilee skull Israel Museum 9 The cave was excavated from 1925 to 1926 by Francis Turville Petre 6 It was the first paleontological excavation in the region 10 Turville Petre discovered a skull referred to as the Galilee Skull that was initially described as the second Neanderthal like specimen It was originally attributed to a Mousterian stratum and is now thought to be from an earlier Acheulo Yabrudian complex Later studies showed that the face was relatively flat with no evidence of Neanderthal like facial prognathism 6 The frontal bone and part of the upper face were found in the Mugharan level which leads to an estimate of the age of the fossil to range from 200 to 500 kya 11 Similarities with Zhoukoudian remains suggest a possible ancestral relationship 12 The skull is housed in the Rockefeller Museum in East Jerusalem along with many other findings of Turville Petre 3 4 A cast of the skull is on display at the Israel Museum 9 See also editArchaeology of Israel List of human evolution fossils Qesem Cave Skhul and Qafzeh hominidsReferences edit Freidline S E Gunz P Jankovic I Harvati K Hublin J J 2012 A comprehensive morphometric analysis of the frontal and zygomatic bone of the Zuttiyeh fossil from Israel PDF Journal of Human Evolution 62 2 225 241 doi 10 1016 j jhevol 2011 11 005 Retrieved 25 April 2013 Human Evolution 2011 12 17 The Zuttiyeh specimen from Israel Galilee Skull or The Palestinian Skull Pfpuech newsvine com Retrieved 2013 04 25 a b Rast Walter E 1992 Through the Ages in Palestinian Archaeology An Introductory Handbook Continuum International Publishing Group p 50 ISBN 9781563380556 Galilee man lowercase m in this source is a typo ref Solo Man Peking Man and so forth a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint postscript link a b Cohen Getzel M Joukowsky Martha 2004 Breaking Ground Pioneering Women Archaeologists University of Michigan Press Retrieved 2013 04 25 The stone age of Mount Carmel report of the Joint Expedition of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem and the American School of Prehistoric Research 1929 1934 p 18 a b c Cartmill Matt Smith Fred H 2009 The Human Lineage John Wiley amp Sons p 320 ISBN 978 0471214915 Retrieved 2013 03 01 Pettitt Paul 2013 The Palaeolithic Origins of Human Burial Routledge p 59 Rabett Ryan J 2012 Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary Cambridge University Press p 90 Garrod D E A 1955 The Mugharet el Emireh in Lower Galilee Type Station of the Emiran Industry Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 85 1 2 141 162 doi 10 2307 2844188 JSTOR 2844188 a b The Israel Museum Permanent Exhibitions Archaeology Wing The Dawn of Civilization New York The Ridgefield Foundation 1995 Skull cast Zuttiyeh Cave Lower Palaeolithic Retrieved 2013 03 13 Itzik Gisis Bar Yosef Ofer 1974 Excavations in Wadi Amud Paleorient 2 1 Persee fr 175 180 doi 10 3406 paleo 1974 4180 Retrieved 2013 04 25 http pages nycep org ed download pdf NMG 2043 pdf bare URL PDF Sohn Songy Wolpoff Milford H 2013 03 25 Zuttiyeh face A view from the East PDF American Journal of Physical Anthropology 91 3 325 47 doi 10 1002 ajpa 1330910307 hdl 2027 42 37665 PMID 8333489 Further reading edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zuttiyeh cave Lahr Marta Mirazon 1996 The evolution of modern human diversity a study of cranial variation Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 47393 4 Delson Eric Tattersall Ian Van Couvering John A 2000 Encyclopedia of human evolution and prehistory Taylor amp Francis ISBN 0 203 00942 8 External links editWhat does it mean to be human On the Animal Remains Obtained from the Mugharet el Zuttiyeh in 1925 amp 1926 at Google Books Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mugharet el Zuttiyeh amp oldid 1221244766, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
