Mucoactive agents are a class of chemical agents that aid in the clearance of mucus or sputum from the upper and lower airways, including the lungs, bronchi, and trachea. Mucoactive drugs include expectorants, mucolytics, mucoregulators, and mucokinetics. These medications are used in the treatment of respiratory diseases that are complicated by the oversecretion or inspissation of mucus. These drugs can be further categorized by their mechanism of action.[1][2]
Mucoactive agents — expectorants — include mucolytics, secretolytics and mucokinetics (also called secretomotorics) [3]
Mucolytics: thin (reduce the viscosity of) mucus[2]
Secretolytics: increase airway water or the volume of airway secretions [2]
Mucokinetics: increase mucociliary transport (clearance) and transportability of mucus by cough [2]
Mucoregulators: suppress underlying mechanisms of mucus hypersecretion[2]
Alternatively, attacking the affinity between secretions and the biological surfaces is another avenue, which is used by abhesives and surfactants.[citation needed]
Any of these effects could improve airway clearance during coughing.[citation needed]
In general, clearance ability is hampered by the bonding to surfaces (stickiness) and by the viscosity of mucous secretions in the lungs. In turn, the viscosity is dependent upon the concentration of mucoprotein in the secretions.
Mucolytics, secretolytics and secretomotorics are different types of medication, yet they are intended to promote drainage of mucus from the lungs.
An expectorant (from the Latin expectorare, to expel or banish) works by signaling the body to increase the amount or hydration of secretions, resulting in more, yet clearer, secretions and lubricating the irritated respiratory tract.[4] One mucoactive agent, guaifenesin, has anxiolytic and muscle-relaxing properties. It is commonly available in cough syrups and also as sustained-release tablets.
Mucolytics can dissolve thick mucus and are usually used to help relieve respiratory difficulties. They do this by breaking down the chemical bonds between molecules in the mucus.[5] This in turn can lower the viscosity by altering the mucin-containing components.[citation needed]
An expectorant increases bronchial secretions and mucolytics help loosen thick bronchial secretions. Expectorants reduce the thickness or viscosity of bronchial secretions, thus increasing mucus flow that can be removed more easily through coughing. Mucolytics break down the chemical structure of mucus molecules. The mucus becomes thinner and can be removed more easily through coughing.
Adams, Michael; Holland, Leland Norman; Bostwick, Paula Manuel (2016). Pharmacology for Nurses: A Pathophysiologic Approach (5 ed.). Pearson Education. p. 960. ISBN978-0134255163.
Rubin, Bruce K (1 July 2007). "Mucolytics, Expectorants, and Mucokinetic Medications". Respiratory Care. 52 (7).
mucoactive, agent, class, chemical, agents, that, clearance, mucus, sputum, from, upper, lower, airways, including, lungs, bronchi, trachea, mucoactive, drugs, include, expectorants, mucolytics, mucoregulators, mucokinetics, these, medications, used, treatment. Mucoactive agents are a class of chemical agents that aid in the clearance of mucus or sputum from the upper and lower airways including the lungs bronchi and trachea Mucoactive drugs include expectorants mucolytics mucoregulators and mucokinetics These medications are used in the treatment of respiratory diseases that are complicated by the oversecretion or inspissation of mucus These drugs can be further categorized by their mechanism of action 1 2 Contents 1 Mechanism of action 2 Mucoactive drugs 3 References 4 External linksMechanism of action EditMucoactive agents expectorants include mucolytics secretolytics and mucokinetics also called secretomotorics 3 Mucolytics thin reduce the viscosity of mucus 2 Secretolytics increase airway water or the volume of airway secretions 2 Mucokinetics increase mucociliary transport clearance and transportability of mucus by cough 2 Mucoregulators suppress underlying mechanisms of mucus hypersecretion 2 Alternatively attacking the affinity between secretions and the biological surfaces is another avenue which is used by abhesives and surfactants citation needed Any of these effects could improve airway clearance during coughing citation needed In general clearance ability is hampered by the bonding to surfaces stickiness and by the viscosity of mucous secretions in the lungs In turn the viscosity is dependent upon the concentration of mucoprotein in the secretions Mucolytics secretolytics and secretomotorics are different types of medication yet they are intended to promote drainage of mucus from the lungs An expectorant from the Latin expectorare to expel or banish works by signaling the body to increase the amount or hydration of secretions resulting in more yet clearer secretions and lubricating the irritated respiratory tract 4 One mucoactive agent guaifenesin has anxiolytic and muscle relaxing properties It is commonly available in cough syrups and also as sustained release tablets Mucolytics can dissolve thick mucus and are usually used to help relieve respiratory difficulties They do this by breaking down the chemical bonds between molecules in the mucus 5 This in turn can lower the viscosity by altering the mucin containing components citation needed An expectorant increases bronchial secretions and mucolytics help loosen thick bronchial secretions Expectorants reduce the thickness or viscosity of bronchial secretions thus increasing mucus flow that can be removed more easily through coughing Mucolytics break down the chemical structure of mucus molecules The mucus becomes thinner and can be removed more easily through coughing Adams Holland amp Bostwick 2008 p 591Mucoactive drugs EditMucoactive drugs include sodium citrate or potassium citrate potassium iodide guaifenesin tolu balsam vasaka ammonium chloride acetylcysteine ambroxol bromhexine carbocisteine erdosteine mecysteine 5 and dornase alfa References Edit Balsamo R Lanata L Egan C G 2010 Mucoactive drugs European Respiratory Review 19 116 127 33 doi 10 1183 09059180 00003510 PMID 20956181 a b c d e Rogers D F 2007 Mucoactive agents for airway mucus hypersecretory diseases Respiratory Care 52 9 1176 93 discussion 1193 7 PMID 17716385 Rubin Bruce K 2006 The pharmacologic approach to airway clearance Mucoactive agents Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 7 Supplement 1 S215 S219 doi 10 1016 j prrv 2006 04 198 PMID 16798570 Definition of Expectorant MedicineNet 13 May 2016 Retrieved 4 January 2018 a b NCATS Inxight Drugs MECYSTEINE HYDROCHLORIDE drugs ncats io Retrieved 29 May 2019 Adams Michael Holland Leland Norman Bostwick Paula Manuel 2016 Pharmacology for Nurses A Pathophysiologic Approach 5 ed Pearson Education p 960 ISBN 978 0134255163 Rubin Bruce K 1 July 2007 Mucolytics Expectorants and Mucokinetic Medications Respiratory Care 52 7 External links EditNational Center for Biotechnology Information Portal Medicine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mucoactive agent amp oldid 1167822351, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
