Mount Lofty
Mount Lofty (34°58′S 138°42′E / 34.967°S 138.700°E, elevation 710 m (2,330 ft) AHD) is the highest point in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges. It is located about 15 km (9.3 mi) east of the Adelaide city centre, within the Cleland National Park in the Adelaide Hills area of South Australia.
| Mount Lofty | |
|---|---|
North view of the Summit and Flinders Column from the Fire Tower | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 710 m (2,330 ft) |
| Coordinates | 34°58′S 138°42′E / 34.967°S 138.700°ECoordinates: 34°58′S 138°42′E / 34.967°S 138.700°E |
| Geography | |
Mount Lofty | |
| Parent range | Mount Lofty Ranges |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | April 1831 Collet Barker (but likely ascended by Indigenous peoples before European contact) |
The mountain's summit has panoramic views of the city and the Adelaide plains to the west, and of the Picadilly Valley to the east. It is also popular destination for international tourists, as well as for cyclists coming up the old Mount Barker Road through Eagle on the Hill, and for walkers from Waterfall Gully.
History
Aboriginal significance
The adjacent peaks of Mount Lofty and Mount Bonython form a prominent landmark visible across the Adelaide Plains, known to the local Kaurna people as Yuridla, 'two-ears', part of the body of an ancestral being called Nganu.[2][3] This Kaurna name has been preserved in its anglicised form as the name of the nearby town of Uraidla.
European discovery and use
Mount Lofty was named by Matthew Flinders on 23 March 1802 during his circumnavigation of the Australian continent.[4] The explorer Collet Barker was the first European to climb it, in April 1831, almost six years before Adelaide was settled.
A stone cairn at the summit was originally used to mark the trig point, and in 1885 this was replaced by an obelisk which served as the central reference point for surveying purposes across Adelaide. In 1902 the obelisk was rededicated and renamed as the "Flinders Column".[5]
The summit was closed to the public during the Second World War, when the obelisk was considered an indispensable navigation aid. A flashing strobe was fitted to the top to improve visibility at night. This strobe was removed after the war, but then re-installed in the 1990s, when the obelisk was repainted and restored during construction of a new kiosk.
Access and description
The summit can be accessed by road from the South Eastern Freeway at Crafers, and from the eastern suburbs via Greenhill Road and the Mount Lofty Scenic Route. There is a walking route up the gully from Waterfall Gully, through the Cleland National Park and from Chambers Gully. This is a 4 km uphill trek and one of Adelaide's most popular exercise circuits.
The summit provides panoramic views across Adelaide, a cafe-restaurant and a gift shop. Kangaroos are sometimes spotted on the trails leading up to the summit.
On the ridge near the summit are three television transmission towers (the northernmost being that of the ABC), and the Mount Lofty Fire Tower operated by the Country Fire Service.
Historic houses
Summit Road, Mt Lofty, was historically one of the best-known addresses in South Australia, with the summer houses of several prominent families being located there. These were all destroyed or severely damaged by the Ash Wednesday bushfires in 1983, but have subsequently been restored.[6] They include:
- Mt Lofty House (1858) - Arthur Hardy[7]
- Eurilla (1884) - William Milne, 1917; Lavington Bonython, 1972; Kym Bonython, 1998[8]
- Carminow (1885) - Thomas Elder,[9] 1905 Langdon Bonython[10]
Other buildings, such as St Michael's House (an Anglican theological college and priory) and "Arthur's Seat", for a time known as Stawell School, a private school for girls, were never rebuilt.[11] Part of this property was excised for the ABC-TV transmitter building and mast.
Note that historically, "Mount Lofty" addresses frequently referred to the area now known as Crafers and to parts of Stirling.
Climate
Snow
Mount Lofty is the coldest location in the Adelaide area; during winter months the temperature may not exceed 3-4 °C on some days.
Adelaide's metropolitan area experiences mild winters, with temperatures virtually never cold enough to produce snow; the nearest snowfields to Adelaide are in central Victoria, over 700 km away. However, Mount Lofty's summit is the most common location for snow in South Australia; rare snowfalls sometimes occur in other parts of the Mount Lofty Ranges, and occasionally further north, in the Flinders and Gammon Ranges.[12] Snowfall tends to be light (rarely lasting for more than a day) and does not take place every year. Sleet however is a regular occurrence.
The snow is a novelty for the approximately 1.4 million residents of the Adelaide Plains (particularly for children), and photographs of it have made the front page of the local newspaper many times.[13]
General and rainfall
Mount Lofty has an oceanic climate (Cfb) in the Köppen climate classification, due to its elevation, and receives a commensurable amount of precipitation during summer to avoid the Mediterranean climate (Cs) classification, since every summer month receives more than 40 millimetres of rainfall. The annual rainfall is nearly twice the amount, and the monthly rainfall during summer more than twice the amount, of the city of Adelaide. The influence of the Mediterranean climate is present with the drying trend during summer.
| Climate data for Mount Lofty (1991−2020); 685 m AMSL; 34.98° S, 138.71° E | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 41.1 (106.0) | 38.9 (102.0) | 33.4 (92.1) | 30.5 (86.9) | 24.5 (76.1) | 18.8 (65.8) | 16.9 (62.4) | 24.0 (75.2) | 27.0 (80.6) | 34.3 (93.7) | 37.1 (98.8) | 36.4 (97.5) | 41.1 (106.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.8 (73.0) | 19.9 (67.8) | 16.2 (61.2) | 12.5 (54.5) | 9.6 (49.3) | 8.8 (47.8) | 9.9 (49.8) | 12.6 (54.7) | 15.6 (60.1) | 18.4 (65.1) | 20.4 (68.7) | 15.8 (60.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.6 (63.7) | 17.9 (64.2) | 15.7 (60.3) | 13.0 (55.4) | 10.2 (50.4) | 7.7 (45.9) | 6.9 (44.4) | 7.5 (45.5) | 9.5 (49.1) | 11.6 (52.9) | 13.8 (56.8) | 15.6 (60.1) | 12.3 (54.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 12.4 (54.3) | 12.9 (55.2) | 11.4 (52.5) | 9.8 (49.6) | 7.9 (46.2) | 5.7 (42.3) | 4.9 (40.8) | 5.1 (41.2) | 6.3 (43.3) | 7.6 (45.7) | 9.3 (48.7) | 10.8 (51.4) | 8.7 (47.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.5 (40.1) | 4.4 (39.9) | 3.8 (38.8) | 1.1 (34.0) | −0.4 (31.3) | 0.1 (32.2) | −0.1 (31.8) | −0.5 (31.1) | 0.6 (33.1) | 0.4 (32.7) | 1.6 (34.9) | 3.0 (37.4) | −0.5 (31.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 40.6 (1.60) | 42.2 (1.66) | 54.7 (2.15) | 62.4 (2.46) | 124.7 (4.91) | 140.5 (5.53) | 173.9 (6.85) | 131.3 (5.17) | 123.8 (4.87) | 59.9 (2.36) | 39.6 (1.56) | 55.0 (2.17) | 1,047.3 (41.23) |
| Average rainy days | 7.1 | 7.6 | 9.9 | 13.8 | 16.3 | 21.5 | 23.8 | 21.6 | 19.0 | 12.3 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 173.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 3pm) | 51 | 50 | 56 | 60 | 73 | 82 | 80 | 72 | 70 | 64 | 58 | 53 | 64 |
| Source: [14] | |||||||||||||
Gallery
Snow at Eurilla in 1905
View SE across the Piccadilly Valley from the Mount Lofty Scenic Route. The summit of Mount Barker, 22 km away, is visible on the horizon.
Flinders Column dedication plaque, from 1902
View of Adelaide Plains at night from the summit.
View of the eastern suburbs, the Adelaide city centre and the Gulf St Vincent at sunset from the summit.
See also
References
- ^ "Search result for 'Mount Lofty, MT' with the following datasets selected - 'Suburbs and Localities' and 'Gazetteer'". Location SA Map Viewer. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
- ^ Amery, Rob; Buckskin, Vincent (Jack) Kanya (March 2009). "Chapter 10. Pinning down Kaurna names: Linguistic issues arising in the development of the Kaurna Placenames Database" (PDF). In Hercus, Luise; Hodges, Flavia; Simpson, Jane (eds.). The Land is a Map: Placenames of Indigenous Origin in Australia. ANU Press. pp. 187–212. ISBN 978-1921536571.
- ^ James Tylor on the power of language, InDaily, 12 September 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ^ Flinders, Matthew (1966) [1814]. A Voyage to Terra Australis : undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1803 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator, and subsequently in the armed vessel Porpoise and Cumberland Schooner; with an account of the shipwreck of the Porpoise, arrival of the Cumberland at Mauritius, and imprisonment of the commander during six years and a half in that island (Facsimile ed.). Adelaide: Libraries Board of South Australia. p. 251. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ Smith, Pam; Pate, F. Donald; Martin, Robert (2006). Valleys of Stone: The Archaeology and History of Adelaide's Hills Face. Belair, South Australia: Kōpi Books. p. 232. ISBN 0 975 7359-6-9.
- ^ Wall, Barbara (2008). Mount Lofty Summit Road: A survey 1841-2008 (research paper).
- ^ . Mt Lofty House - Adelaide Hills - Grand Mercure. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2013. History 2016-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Amanda Ward (February 2008). . SA Life Magazine, vol. 5, no. 2. pp. 32–43. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
Keelan, Michael (February 2008). . SA Life Magazine, vol. 5, no. 2. pp. 44–51. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
Photos: 1890,1890,1905,1983[permanent dead link]. See also: [1],. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link),"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 May 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Fayette Gosse. Elder, Sir Thomas (1818–1897). Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- ^ A Trip to Mount Lofty, 31 March 1906, The Advertiser pg.6
- ^ Barbara Wall A Short History of Stawell School: The forgotten school on Mount Lofty published for Mount Lofty Districts Historical Society by Peacock Publications 2012 ISBN 978--1-921601-69-9
- ^ "Heaviest Snowfall in S.A. History". The Advertiser (Adelaide). South Australia. 19 July 1949. p. 1. Retrieved 22 September 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Advertiser coverage of "Snow at Mt Lofty": 1 August 2014; 22 July 2013; 11 October 2012.
- ^ "Climate statistics for Australian locations". www.bom.gov.au. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
External links
- Cleland National Park