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Moshe Smilansky

January 01, 1970

Moshe Smilansky MBE (Hebrew: משה סמילנסקי; February 24, 1874 – October 6, 1953) was a pioneer of the First Aliyah, a Zionist leader who advocated “peaceful” coexistence with the Arabs in Mandatory Palestine, a farmer, and a prolific author of fiction and non-fiction literary works.

Moshe Smilansky

Early life edit

Moshe Smilansky was born in 1874 to a family of farmers in Telepino, a village in Kiev Governorate, then part of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine).[citation needed] He grew up in a pastoral environment and received his education from private tutors, also being influenced by the members of Bilu, the first Zionist group of agricultural pioneers to set out for Eretz Israel, who lived in Telepino for a while; and by disciples of Leo Tolstoy who had settled in the village.[1]

Smilansky travelled to Ottoman Palestine in 1890, at the age of 16.[1] He planned to study at Mikve Israel agricultural school, but then purchased [clarification needed] with his family's assistance and [clarification needed] in Hadera in 1891.[citation needed] After his family's return to Russia he became an agricultural worker in Rishon LeZion before settling in Rehovot in 1893.[citation needed] At the age of 20 he went back to Russia to serve in the military, but returned to Palestine after several weeks.[1] Smilansky settled in Rehovot as an agricultural pioneer, working at his vineyards, almond and citrus groves as a farmer/landowner.[1]

Later life and career edit

Literature edit

Smilansky, who considered himself a disciple of Ahad Ha'am, was an active Zionist whose cultural output include many essays and articles, which he has contributed to Hebrew periodicals published in Russia and in Germany (Ha-Tsefirah, Ha-Meliẓ, Ha-Tzofeh, Lu'aḥ Aḥiasaf, Ha-Shilo'aḥ, and Ha-Olam), sometimes under the pen name "Ben Hava".[citation needed] His articles dealt with the Yishuv, the Jewish community in Eretz Israel ("Land of Israel").[1] Smilansky also published in Hebrew periodicals in Ereẓ Israel, where he was one of the first contributors (writing under the pen name "Heruti") to the journal of Ha-Po'el ha-Tsa'ir and a co-founder of Ha-Omer literary journal together with David Yellin and S. Ben Zion [he] (Simha Alter Guttman).[citation needed] His first article appeared already in 1889.[1]

After falling ill and travelling to Europe in search of a cure in 1906, Smilansky used his convalescence period to write his first story.[1] It dealt with Arab life and folklore, and with relations between Jews and Arabs.[2] It became the first of a whole series on the topic, which Smilansky published under the Muslim pseudonym Khawaja Moussa, "Master Moshe".[1]

Smilansky's literary works include autobiographical novels as well as memoirs and non-fiction depictions of the Zionist pioneers of the First Aliyah and Second Aliyah that were collected in the four-volume Mishpahat ha-Adamah and the six-volume Perakim be-Toledot ha-Yishuv. His groundbreaking fiction stories and sketches depicting Arab life in Ottoman Palestine were first published in 1906 under the pseudonym Hawaja Mussa (Hebrew: חוג'ה מוסה), and collected in the volume Bene Arav (also spelled Bnei Arav), first published in Odessa in 1911.[citation needed] Smilansky was awarded the Ussishkin Memorial Prize in 1949 in recognition of his books "Ba-Aravah" ("In the Wilderness") and "Ba-Har u'va-Gai" ("In Mountain and Valley").[2]

Ideology and politics edit

Smilansky was a delegate to the Seventh Zionist Congress in Basel in 1905.[citation needed]

Smilansky strongly believed in the value of manual labour, particularly of working the land, for what he considered to be the redemption of the Jewish people.[1] He was one of the founders of the Hitahadut ha-Moshavot bi-Yehudah ve-Shomron ("Association of moshavot in Judea and Samaria"), whose chairman he became during its early years.[citation needed] Smilansky worked as the editor of the Association's Hitahdut HaIkarim weekly "Bustenai" ("Orchard Farmer")[3] from 1929 to 1937.[citation needed] He was also active during the 1920s and 1930s in organisations for the reclamation and acquisition of land, especially in the Negev.[citation needed]

Smilansky's political views, as reflected in many of his articles in the Hebrew press (particularly in Haaretz), were close to those of Chaim Weizmann, and he was prominent in his activities towards peaceful coexistence with the Arabs. A close ally of Brit Shalom from 1925 till its disintegration, Smilansky, during the 1930s, was a member of "The Five" (together with Gad Frumkin, Pinhas Rutenberg, Moshe Novomeysky, and Judah Leon Magnes), who met with Arab leaders in an attempt to explore the idea of a bi-national state, founded on a vision of economic integration and a legislative council based on parity, that would enable Zionist development. During the 1940s, Smilansky, for a similar reason, opposed the struggle against the British in Palestine.[4] In 1946, Smilansky, together with Magnes and Martin Buber, all members of the small Ihud ("Unity") binationalist Zionist party, advocated the establishment of an Arab-Jewish state to the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry.[4]

Military activity edit

Smilansky volunteered to the Jewish Legion in 1918, and was the commander of the Haganah organisation in Rehovot during the 1921 Jaffa Riots.[citation needed]

Death edit

Smilansky died in Tel Aviv[1] and was buried in Rehovot[citation needed] in 1953.

Legacy edit

 
Commemorative plaque in Rehovot

The Farmer's Association founded a new colony named after him, Kfar Moshe ("Moshe's Village"), on his 60th birthday.[2]

Moshav Nir Moshe, founded in the Negev in the year of his death, 1953, was called after Smilansky.[citation needed]

Relatives edit

Smilansky was the brother of novelist Meir Smilansky (who published under the pen name M. Secco) and psychoanalyst Anna Smeliansky (who worked in the 1920s at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute before emigrating to Mandatory Palestine in 1933, where she was a founding member of the Palestine Psychoanalytic Association, later the Israeli Psychoanalytic Society). Smilansky was the uncle of writer Zev Smilansky, and the great-uncle of his son, novelist S. Yizhar, who wrote about Smilansky in his 1973 memoir, Ha-Merkavah Shel Ha-Dod Moshe ("Uncle Moshe's Chariot").[citation needed]

Published works edit

  • Sons of Arabia [Bnei Arav] (stories), under the pen-name Khawaja Moussa, lit. "Master Moshe" (Odessa, 1911)[1]
  • Toldot Ahavah Ahat (1911)
  • Tovah (1924 or 1925)
  • Zikhronot (3 vols., 1924 or 1925 - 1929)
  • Me-Haye ha-Arvim (1925)
  • Ha-ityashvut ha-Haklait (1926 or 1927)
  • Rehovot (1929)
  • The Jewish Colonisation and the Arab Farmer [Ha-Hityashvut ha-Ivrit ve'ha-Falah] (non-fiction,[1] 1929 or 1930; 1947)
  • Haderah (1930)
  • By the Yarkon River [Al Hof Hayarkon] (stories; 1936, 1966)[1]
  • Moshe Smilansky's Works [Kitvei Moshe Smilansky][1] (12 vols., 1933–1937)
  • Palestine Caravan (1935)
  • Hadera (non-fiction, 1936)[1]
  • Perakim be-Toldot ha-Yishuv (non-fiction, 6 vols., 1939–1947)
  • Birkat ha-adamah (1941 or 1942)
  • Ha-Yishuv ha-Ivri (1941 or 1942)
  • Unknown Pioneers [Mishpahat ha-Adamah] (non-fiction, 4 vols., 1943–53)[1]
  • Bi-Yeme Elem (1943)
  • The Path to Redemption [Maslul ha-Geulah] (non-fiction), published by KKL-Jewish National Fund[1] (1943 or 1944)
  • Jacob the Soldier (1944)
  • Bi-Sedot Ukrainah (1944)
  • Sipur Geulat ha-Adamah ba-Arets (1944 or 1945)
  • Yehoshua Hankin (1945 or 1946)
  • Sipurei Saba (1946)
  • In the Wilderness [Ba-Aravah] (1946)
  • Yishuv Stories [Sipurei ha-Yishuv] (1948)[1]
  • Ben Karme Yehudah (1948)
  • In Mountain and Valley [Ba-Har u'va-Gai] (stories, 1948)[1]
  • The Land's Redeemers [Goalei Ha-Karka] (non-fiction), published by KKL-Jewish National Fund,[1] (1947 or 1949)
  • Friends [Haverim] (1949)
  • Rehovot: 60 Shenot Hayeha (non-fiction, 1950)[1]
  • In the Shadow of the Orchards [Be-Tsel ha-Pardesim] (1951)
  • Shemesh Aviv (1952)
  • Tekumah ve-Sho'ah (1952 or 1953)
  • Ness-Tziona (non-fiction), 1953[1]
  • Mishut ba-Arets (1953)
  • Hevle Ledah (1953 or 1954)
  • Farewell [Im Preidah], 1955[1]
  • Hu Ahav et ha-Yarden (1962)
Posthumously:
  • The History of the Yishuv [Pirkei Toldot Ha-Yeshuv] (non-fiction, 1978)[1][dubious – discuss]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Moshe Smilansky, The Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature (ITHL) - biography and bibliography; retrieved 5 December 2019
  2. ^ a b c Israel Digest. Israel Office of Information (New York, N.Y.). 1953. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  3. ^ Bustenai, Jewish Virtual Library
  4. ^ a b Bi-Nationality, from Encyclopaedia Judaica, (c)2008, Gale Group; via Jewish Virtual Library; accessed 5 December 2019.

Further reading edit

  • Domb, Risa. "The Arab in Fact and Fiction as Reflected in the Works of Moshe Smilansky (1874 - 1953)." Jewish Quarterly 29, no. 4 (1982): 3 - 7.
  • Dubnov, Arie and Harif, Hanan. "Zionisms: Roads not Taken on the Journey to the Jewish State," Maarav, April 29, 2012.
  • Magnes, Judah Leon. Palestine — Divided or United? The Case for a Bi-National Palestine before the United Nations. With M. Reiner; Lord Samuel; E. Simon; M. Smilansky. Jerusalem: Ihud, 1947.
  • Ramras-Rauch, Gila. The Arab in Israeli Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.
  • Rolnik, Eran J.Freud in Zion: Psychoanalysis and the Making of Modern Jewish Identity (Karnac History of Psychoanalysis Series). London: Karnac Books, 2012.
  • Shaked, Gershon. "The Genre and its Parts: Considerations of the Fiction of Moshe Smilansky and Nehamah Pukhachewsky. In On Poetry and Fiction: Studies in Hebrew Literature, edited by Tsvi Malakhi, 133–146. Tel Aviv: 1977.

External links edit

  • Moshe Smilansky on Encyclopedia.com
  • Moshe Smilansky on JTA
  • About Moshe Smilansky on Answers.com
  • Moshe Smilansky on Harvard's online library catalog

January 01, 1970
moshe, smilansky, hebrew, משה, סמילנסקי, february, 1874, october, 1953, pioneer, first, aliyah, zionist, leader, advocated, peaceful, coexistence, with, arabs, mandatory, palestine, farmer, prolific, author, fiction, fiction, literary, works, contents, early, . Moshe Smilansky MBE Hebrew משה סמילנסקי February 24 1874 October 6 1953 was a pioneer of the First Aliyah a Zionist leader who advocated peaceful coexistence with the Arabs in Mandatory Palestine a farmer and a prolific author of fiction and non fiction literary works Moshe Smilansky Contents 1 Early life 2 Later life and career 2 1 Literature 2 2 Ideology and politics 2 3 Military activity 3 Death 4 Legacy 5 Relatives 6 Published works 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksEarly life editMoshe Smilansky was born in 1874 to a family of farmers in Telepino a village in Kiev Governorate then part of the Russian Empire present day Ukraine citation needed He grew up in a pastoral environment and received his education from private tutors also being influenced by the members of Bilu the first Zionist group of agricultural pioneers to set out for Eretz Israel who lived in Telepino for a while and by disciples of Leo Tolstoy who had settled in the village 1 Smilansky travelled to Ottoman Palestine in 1890 at the age of 16 1 He planned to study at Mikve Israel agricultural school but then purchased clarification needed with his family s assistance and clarification needed in Hadera in 1891 citation needed After his family s return to Russia he became an agricultural worker in Rishon LeZion before settling in Rehovot in 1893 citation needed At the age of 20 he went back to Russia to serve in the military but returned to Palestine after several weeks 1 Smilansky settled in Rehovot as an agricultural pioneer working at his vineyards almond and citrus groves as a farmer landowner 1 Later life and career editLiterature edit Smilansky who considered himself a disciple of Ahad Ha am was an active Zionist whose cultural output include many essays and articles which he has contributed to Hebrew periodicals published in Russia and in Germany Ha Tsefirah Ha Meliẓ Ha Tzofeh Lu aḥ Aḥiasaf Ha Shilo aḥ and Ha Olam sometimes under the pen name Ben Hava citation needed His articles dealt with the Yishuv the Jewish community in Eretz Israel Land of Israel 1 Smilansky also published in Hebrew periodicals in Ereẓ Israel where he was one of the first contributors writing under the pen name Heruti to the journal of Ha Po el ha Tsa ir and a co founder of Ha Omer literary journal together with David Yellin and S Ben Zion he Simha Alter Guttman citation needed His first article appeared already in 1889 1 After falling ill and travelling to Europe in search of a cure in 1906 Smilansky used his convalescence period to write his first story 1 It dealt with Arab life and folklore and with relations between Jews and Arabs 2 It became the first of a whole series on the topic which Smilansky published under the Muslim pseudonym Khawaja Moussa Master Moshe 1 Smilansky s literary works include autobiographical novels as well as memoirs and non fiction depictions of the Zionist pioneers of the First Aliyah and Second Aliyah that were collected in the four volume Mishpahat ha Adamah and the six volume Perakim be Toledot ha Yishuv His groundbreaking fiction stories and sketches depicting Arab life in Ottoman Palestine were first published in 1906 under the pseudonym Hawaja Mussa Hebrew חוג ה מוסה and collected in the volume Bene Arav also spelled Bnei Arav first published in Odessa in 1911 citation needed Smilansky was awarded the Ussishkin Memorial Prize in 1949 in recognition of his books Ba Aravah In the Wilderness and Ba Har u va Gai In Mountain and Valley 2 Ideology and politics edit Smilansky was a delegate to the Seventh Zionist Congress in Basel in 1905 citation needed Smilansky strongly believed in the value of manual labour particularly of working the land for what he considered to be the redemption of the Jewish people 1 He was one of the founders of the Hitahadut ha Moshavot bi Yehudah ve Shomron Association of moshavot in Judea and Samaria whose chairman he became during its early years citation needed Smilansky worked as the editor of the Association s Hitahdut HaIkarim weekly Bustenai Orchard Farmer 3 from 1929 to 1937 citation needed He was also active during the 1920s and 1930s in organisations for the reclamation and acquisition of land especially in the Negev citation needed Smilansky s political views as reflected in many of his articles in the Hebrew press particularly in Haaretz were close to those of Chaim Weizmann and he was prominent in his activities towards peaceful coexistence with the Arabs A close ally of Brit Shalom from 1925 till its disintegration Smilansky during the 1930s was a member of The Five together with Gad Frumkin Pinhas Rutenberg Moshe Novomeysky and Judah Leon Magnes who met with Arab leaders in an attempt to explore the idea of a bi national state founded on a vision of economic integration and a legislative council based on parity that would enable Zionist development During the 1940s Smilansky for a similar reason opposed the struggle against the British in Palestine 4 In 1946 Smilansky together with Magnes and Martin Buber all members of the small Ihud Unity binationalist Zionist party advocated the establishment of an Arab Jewish state to the Anglo American Committee of Inquiry 4 Military activity edit Smilansky volunteered to the Jewish Legion in 1918 and was the commander of the Haganah organisation in Rehovot during the 1921 Jaffa Riots citation needed Death editSmilansky died in Tel Aviv 1 and was buried in Rehovot citation needed in 1953 Legacy edit nbsp Commemorative plaque in Rehovot The Farmer s Association founded a new colony named after him Kfar Moshe Moshe s Village on his 60th birthday 2 Moshav Nir Moshe founded in the Negev in the year of his death 1953 was called after Smilansky citation needed Relatives editSmilansky was the brother of novelist Meir Smilansky who published under the pen name M Secco and psychoanalyst Anna Smeliansky who worked in the 1920s at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute before emigrating to Mandatory Palestine in 1933 where she was a founding member of the Palestine Psychoanalytic Association later the Israeli Psychoanalytic Society Smilansky was the uncle of writer Zev Smilansky and the great uncle of his son novelist S Yizhar who wrote about Smilansky in his 1973 memoir Ha Merkavah Shel Ha Dod Moshe Uncle Moshe s Chariot citation needed Published works editSons of Arabia Bnei Arav stories under the pen name Khawaja Moussa lit Master Moshe Odessa 1911 1 Toldot Ahavah Ahat 1911 Tovah 1924 or 1925 Zikhronot 3 vols 1924 or 1925 1929 Me Haye ha Arvim 1925 Ha ityashvut ha Haklait 1926 or 1927 Rehovot 1929 The Jewish Colonisation and the Arab Farmer Ha Hityashvut ha Ivrit ve ha Falah non fiction 1 1929 or 1930 1947 Haderah 1930 By the Yarkon River Al Hof Hayarkon stories 1936 1966 1 Moshe Smilansky s Works Kitvei Moshe Smilansky 1 12 vols 1933 1937 Palestine Caravan 1935 Hadera non fiction 1936 1 Perakim be Toldot ha Yishuv non fiction 6 vols 1939 1947 Birkat ha adamah 1941 or 1942 Ha Yishuv ha Ivri 1941 or 1942 Unknown Pioneers Mishpahat ha Adamah non fiction 4 vols 1943 53 1 Bi Yeme Elem 1943 The Path to Redemption Maslul ha Geulah non fiction published by KKL Jewish National Fund 1 1943 or 1944 Jacob the Soldier 1944 Bi Sedot Ukrainah 1944 Sipur Geulat ha Adamah ba Arets 1944 or 1945 Yehoshua Hankin 1945 or 1946 Sipurei Saba 1946 In the Wilderness Ba Aravah 1946 Yishuv Stories Sipurei ha Yishuv 1948 1 Ben Karme Yehudah 1948 In Mountain and Valley Ba Har u va Gai stories 1948 1 The Land s Redeemers Goalei Ha Karka non fiction published by KKL Jewish National Fund 1 1947 or 1949 Friends Haverim 1949 Rehovot 60 Shenot Hayeha non fiction 1950 1 In the Shadow of the Orchards Be Tsel ha Pardesim 1951 Shemesh Aviv 1952 Tekumah ve Sho ah 1952 or 1953 Ness Tziona non fiction 1953 1 Mishut ba Arets 1953 Hevle Ledah 1953 or 1954 Farewell Im Preidah 1955 1 Hu Ahav et ha Yarden 1962 Posthumously The History of the Yishuv Pirkei Toldot Ha Yeshuv non fiction 1978 1 dubious discuss See also editIsraeli literatureReferences edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Moshe Smilansky The Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature ITHL biography and bibliography retrieved 5 December 2019 a b c Israel Digest Israel Office of Information New York N Y 1953 Retrieved 5 December 2019 Bustenai Jewish Virtual Library a b Bi Nationality from Encyclopaedia Judaica c 2008 Gale Group via Jewish Virtual Library accessed 5 December 2019 Further reading editDomb Risa The Arab in Fact and Fiction as Reflected in the Works of Moshe Smilansky 1874 1953 Jewish Quarterly 29 no 4 1982 3 7 Dubnov Arie and Harif Hanan Zionisms Roads not Taken on the Journey to the Jewish State Maarav April 29 2012 Magnes Judah Leon Palestine Divided or United The Case for a Bi National Palestine before the United Nations With M Reiner Lord Samuel E Simon M Smilansky Jerusalem Ihud 1947 Ramras Rauch Gila The Arab in Israeli Literature Bloomington Indiana University Press 1989 Rolnik Eran J Freud in Zion Psychoanalysis and the Making of Modern Jewish Identity Karnac History of Psychoanalysis Series London Karnac Books 2012 Shaked Gershon The Genre and its Parts Considerations of the Fiction of Moshe Smilansky and Nehamah Pukhachewsky In On Poetry and Fiction Studies in Hebrew Literature edited by Tsvi Malakhi 133 146 Tel Aviv 1977 External links editMoshe Smilansky on Encyclopedia com Moshe Smilansky on JTA About Moshe Smilansky on Answers com Moshe Smilansky on Harvard s online library catalog Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Moshe Smilansky amp oldid 1224024815, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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