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Mississippi State Senate

February 15, 2024

The Mississippi Senate is the upper house of the Mississippi Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Mississippi. The Senate, along with the lower Mississippi House of Representatives, convenes at the Mississippi State Capitol in Jackson.

Mississippi Senate
Mississippi State Legislature
Type
Type
Term limits
None
History
New session started
January 2, 2024
Leadership
Delbert Hosemann (R)
since January 14, 2020
President pro tempore
Dean Kirby (R)
since January 7, 2020
Minority Leader
Derrick Simmons (D)
since July 31, 2017
Structure
Seats52
Political groups
  •   Republican (36)
  •   Democratic (16)
Length of term
4 years
AuthorityArticle IV, Mississippi Constitution
Salary$10,000/year + per diem
Elections
Last election
November 7, 2023
(52 seats)
Next election
November 2, 2027
(52 seats)
RedistrictingLegislative Control
Meeting place
State Senate Chamber
Mississippi State Capitol
Jackson, Mississippi
Website
Mississippi State Legislature

The Senate is composed of 52 senators representing an equal number of constituent districts, with 56,947 people per district (2020 census). In the current legislative session, the Republican Party holds 36 seats while the Democratic Party holds 16 seats, creating a Republican trifecta in the state government.

The Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards and can create and amend bills.

Membership, terms and elections edit

According to the current Mississippi Constitution, the Senate is to be composed of no more than 52 members elected for four-year terms with no term limits.[1] Districts are reapportioned to reflect population changes, and per the 2020 census, each district has about 56,947 people.[2][3] To qualify for election, candidates must be at least 25 years old, a qualified elector of the state for the past four years, and be a resident of the district or county they are running to represent for the past two years.[4] All candidates must pay either a $250 fee to their state party executive committee or to the Mississippi Secretary of State if they are running as an independent. Independent candidates must collect 50 signatures to run.[4] Elections to the Senate are held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November during the state general elections.[5]

If a vacancy occurs in the Senate before June 1, the governor must order an election within 30 days after the vacancy and give a 40-day notice to the appropriate counties where the seat is located. No special election occurs if the vacancy happens after June 1.[6]

Powers and process edit

The state legislature is constitutionally-mandated to meet for 125 days every four years at the start of a new term and 90 days in other years.[2][7] The Senate reconvenes on a yearly basis on the Tuesday after the first Monday in January.[2] While the Mississippi House of Representatives can extend its sessions, the Senate cannot.[7]

The Senate has the authority to determine rules of its own proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and expel a member with a two-thirds vote of its membership.[8] A majority in the Senate establishes a quorum, though less members can adjourn,[9] though not for more than 3 days without the House's consent.[10] Bills can originate in the Senate and must undergo three readings in each house, unless two-thirds of the house dispenses with the rules.[11] Amendments to bills must be approved by both houses.[12] The Senate, in conjunction with the Mississippi House of Representatives, draws and approves both congressional and district boundaries. The congressional boundaries can be vetoed by the governor, while the district boundaries, created by a joint resolution between both houses, cannot be vetoed by the governor.[13]

The governor has the power to veto legislation, but legislators can override the veto with a two-thirds decision.[14] The Senate tries all impeachments referred to it by the House of Representatives.[15] All gubernatorial appointments are subject to approval of the Senate.[16]

Leadership edit

The President of the Senate is Mississippi Lieutenant Governor Delbert Hosemann, who is Republican. The President pro tempore is Republican Dean Kirby.[17] The Minority Leader is Democrat Derrick Simmons.[18]

The Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi serves as the President of the Senate[19] and has the sole ability to appoint the chairmanships or vice chairmanships of various Senate committees, regardless of party size.[20] They can only cast a legislative vote if required to break a tie.[19] In his or her absence, the President Pro Tempore presides over the Senate.[21] The President Pro Tempore is elected by a majority of senators present, with following elections for the senate secretary, seargent-at-arms, and a doorkeeper.[22] The President Pro Tempore chairs the Senate Rules Committee, oversees the day-to-day operations of the Senate staff, and assumes the responsibilities of the president in their absence.[23]

Party composition edit

Affiliation Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total
Democratic Republican Vacant
End of previous legislature (2023) 16 36 52 0
Start of current legislature (2024) 16 36 52 0
Latest voting share 30.8% 69.2%

Although the Democratic Party retained their majority in the Senate after the 2003 general election, a party switch by Democratic Senator James Shannon Walley of Leakesville in January 2007 threw control of the chamber to the Republicans.[24] Because the Lieutenant Governor Amy Tuck was a Republican, this gave Republicans control of the Senate for the first time since Reconstruction and a de facto majority only on a tie vote.[25] In the November 6, 2007 statewide elections, Democrats won back control of the chamber,[26] however party switches from Senators Nolan Mettetal in February 2008 and Cindy Hyde-Smith in December 2010 gave the Republicans a de factor majority, with Lieutenant Governor Phil Bryant holding the tiebreaker vote.[27][28] After another party switch in February 2011, the Republicans expanded their majority to 27–24, with one vacancy.[29]

As of 2024, the Mississippi Senate has 36 Republican members and 16 Democratic members.[30]

Members of the Mississippi Senate (2024–2028) edit

District Name Party Assumed Office Counties Represented Notes
1 Michael McLendon Rep 2020 DeSoto
2 David Parker Rep 2013 DeSoto
3 Kathy Chism Rep 2020 Benton, Pontotoc, Union
4 Rita Potts Parks Rep 2012 Alcorn, Tippah
5 Daniel Sparks Rep 2020 Itawamba, Prentiss, Tishomingo
6 Chad McMahan Rep 2016 Itawamba, Lee
7 Hob Bryan Dem 1984 Itawamba, Lee, Monroe
8 Benjamin Suber Rep 2020 Calhoun, Chickasaw, Lee, Pontotoc, Yalobusha
9 Nicole Akins Boyd Rep 2020 Lafayette, Panola
10 Neil Whaley Rep 2018 Marshall, Tate
11 Reginald Jackson Dem 2024 Coahoma, DeSoto, Quitman, Tate, Tunica
12 Derrick Simmons Dem 2011 Bolivar, Coahoma, Washington
13 Sarita Simmons Dem 2020 Bolivar, Sunflower, Tallahatchie
14 Lydia Chassaniol Rep 2007 Attala, Carroll, Grenada, Leflore, Montgomery, Panola, Tallahatchie, Yalobusha
15 Bart Williams Rep 2020 Choctaw, Montgomery, Oktibbeha, Webster
16 Angela Turner-Ford Dem 2013 Clay, Lowndes, Noxubee, Oktibbeha
17 Charles Younger Rep 2014 Lowndes, Monroe
18 Jenifer Branning Rep 2016 Leake, Neshoba, Winston
19 Kevin Blackwell Rep 2016 DeSoto, Marshall
20 Josh Harkins Rep 2012 Rankin
21 Bradford Blackmon Dem 2024 Attala, Holmes, Leake, Madison
22 Joseph C. Thomas Dem 2020 Humphreys, Madison, Sharkey, Sunflower, Washington, Yazoo Previously served from 2004–2008
23 Briggs Hopson Rep 2008 Issaquena, Warren, Yazoo
24 David Lee Jordan Dem 1993 Grenada, Holmes, Humphreys, Leflore, Tallahatchie
25 J. Walter Michel Rep 2016 Hinds, Madison Previously served from 1999–2011
26 John Horhn Dem 1993 Hinds, Madison
27 Hillman Terome Frazier Dem 1993 Hinds
28 Sollie Norwood Dem 2013 Hinds
29 David Blount Dem 2008 Hinds
30 Dean Kirby Rep 1992 Rankin
31 Tyler McCaughn Rep 2020 Lauderdale, Newton, Scott
32 Rod Hickman Dem 2021 Kemper, Lauderdale, Noxubee, Winston
33 Jeff Tate Rep 2020 Clarke, Lauderdale
34 Juan Barnett Dem 2020 Forrest, Jasper, Jones
35 Andy Berry Rep 2024 Copiah, Jefferson Davis, Lawrence, Simpson
36 Brian Rhodes Rep 2024 Rankin, Smith
37 Albert Butler Dem 2010 Adams, Claiborne, Copiah, Franklin, Hinds, Jefferson Represented district 36 prior to 2024
38 Gary Brumfield Dem 2024 Adams, Amite, Pike, Walthall, Wilkinson
39 Jason Barrett Rep 2020 Copiah, Lawrence, Lincoln, Walthall
40 Angela Burks Hill Rep 2012 Marion, Pearl River
41 Joey Fillingane Rep 2007 Covington, Forrest, Jefferson Davis, Lamar, Smith
42 Robin Robinson Rep 2024 Forrest, Greene, Jones, Wayne
43 Dennis DeBar Rep 2016 George, Greene, Wayne
44 John A. Polk Rep 2012 Lamar, Pearl River
45 Chris Johnson Rep 2020 Forrest, Perry
46 Philman Ladner Rep 2024 Hancock, Harrison
47 Mike Seymour Rep 2016 Jackson, Pearl River, Stone
48 Mike Thompson Rep 2020 Harrison
49 Joel Carter Rep 2018 Harrison
50 Scott DeLano Rep 2020 Harrison
51 Jeremy England Rep 2020 Jackson
52 Brice Wiggins Rep 2012 Jackson
 

Past composition of the Senate edit

Main article: Mississippi Legislature § See also

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Article 12, Section 254 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
  2. ^ a b c Watson, Michael (2021). "Legislature" (PDF). Mississippi Blue Book 2020-2024. Mississippi Secretary of State.
  3. ^ "Mississippi’s Population Declined 0.2%". Census.gov. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
  4. ^ a b Watson, Michael (2021). "Elections" (PDF). 2020-2024 Mississippi Blue Book. Mississippi Secretary of State.
  5. ^ Article 4, Section 102 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
  6. ^ MS Code § 23-15-851 (2013)
  7. ^ a b Article 4, Section 36 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
  8. ^ Article 4, Section 55 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
  9. ^ Article 4, Section 54 of the Constitution of Mississippi (Constitution)
  10. ^ Article 4, Section 57 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
  11. ^ Article 4, Section 59 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
  12. ^ Article 4, Section 60 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
  13. ^ "Mississippi - All About Redistricting". All About Redistricting. Loyola Law School. June 18, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  14. ^ Article 4, Section 72 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
  15. ^ Article 4, Section 49 of the Constitution of Mississippi (Constitution)
  16. ^ Mississippi Code § 7-1-35
  17. ^ "Dean Kirby elected Senate president pro tempore". WJTV. Jackson. January 7, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  18. ^ Criss, Jack (October 10, 2022). "Senator Derrick Simmons". Delta Business Journal. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
  19. ^ a b Article 5, Section 129 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
  20. ^ Harrison, Bobby (April 7, 2019). "Lieutenant governor's power derives from senators; lawmaker says chamber must take back its authority". Mississippi Today. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
  21. ^ Article 4, Section 39 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
  22. ^ MS Code § 5-1-15 (2013)
  23. ^ Harrison, Bobby (January 2, 2024). "Dean Kirby elected to second term as Senate's second-in-command". Mississippi Today. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
  24. ^ "Leakesville state rep switches parties". WDAM. January 15, 2007. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
  25. ^ Pender, Geoff (January 12, 2007). "State Senate numbers are equal: GOP, Dems even after Walley switch". The Sun Herald. p. 2.
  26. ^ Taggart, Andy; Nash, Jere (November 11, 2007). "The 2008 Mississippi Legislature: Is it 'back to the future?'". Clarion-Ledger. p. 59.
  27. ^ "State Sen. Mettetal joins Republican Party". The Natchez Democrat. January 30, 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
  28. ^ "Sen. Hyde-Smith joins Republicans". Daily Leader. December 29, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
  29. ^ Farrell, David A. (February 25, 2011). "Lee switches parties". The Picayune Item. pp. 1, 3.
  30. ^ "Mississippi Election Results". The New York Times. November 7, 2023. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 10, 2024.

External links edit

32°18′14″N 90°10′56″W / 32.30389°N 90.18222°W / 32.30389; -90.18222

February 15, 2024
mississippi, state, senate, mississippi, senate, upper, house, mississippi, legislature, state, legislature, state, mississippi, senate, along, with, lower, mississippi, house, representatives, convenes, mississippi, state, capitol, jackson, mississippi, senat. The Mississippi Senate is the upper house of the Mississippi Legislature the state legislature of the U S state of Mississippi The Senate along with the lower Mississippi House of Representatives convenes at the Mississippi State Capitol in Jackson Mississippi SenateMississippi State LegislatureTypeTypeUpper houseTerm limitsNoneHistoryNew session startedJanuary 2 2024LeadershipPresidentDelbert Hosemann R since January 14 2020President pro temporeDean Kirby R since January 7 2020Minority LeaderDerrick Simmons D since July 31 2017StructureSeats52Political groups Republican 36 Democratic 16 Length of term4 yearsAuthorityArticle IV Mississippi ConstitutionSalary 10 000 year per diemElectionsLast electionNovember 7 2023 52 seats Next electionNovember 2 2027 52 seats RedistrictingLegislative ControlMeeting placeState Senate ChamberMississippi State CapitolJackson MississippiWebsiteMississippi State LegislatureThe Senate is composed of 52 senators representing an equal number of constituent districts with 56 947 people per district 2020 census In the current legislative session the Republican Party holds 36 seats while the Democratic Party holds 16 seats creating a Republican trifecta in the state government The Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet commissions and boards and can create and amend bills Contents 1 Membership terms and elections 2 Powers and process 3 Leadership 4 Party composition 5 Members of the Mississippi Senate 2024 2028 6 Past composition of the Senate 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksMembership terms and elections editAccording to the current Mississippi Constitution the Senate is to be composed of no more than 52 members elected for four year terms with no term limits 1 Districts are reapportioned to reflect population changes and per the 2020 census each district has about 56 947 people 2 3 To qualify for election candidates must be at least 25 years old a qualified elector of the state for the past four years and be a resident of the district or county they are running to represent for the past two years 4 All candidates must pay either a 250 fee to their state party executive committee or to the Mississippi Secretary of State if they are running as an independent Independent candidates must collect 50 signatures to run 4 Elections to the Senate are held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November during the state general elections 5 If a vacancy occurs in the Senate before June 1 the governor must order an election within 30 days after the vacancy and give a 40 day notice to the appropriate counties where the seat is located No special election occurs if the vacancy happens after June 1 6 Powers and process editThe state legislature is constitutionally mandated to meet for 125 days every four years at the start of a new term and 90 days in other years 2 7 The Senate reconvenes on a yearly basis on the Tuesday after the first Monday in January 2 While the Mississippi House of Representatives can extend its sessions the Senate cannot 7 The Senate has the authority to determine rules of its own proceedings punish its members for disorderly behavior and expel a member with a two thirds vote of its membership 8 A majority in the Senate establishes a quorum though less members can adjourn 9 though not for more than 3 days without the House s consent 10 Bills can originate in the Senate and must undergo three readings in each house unless two thirds of the house dispenses with the rules 11 Amendments to bills must be approved by both houses 12 The Senate in conjunction with the Mississippi House of Representatives draws and approves both congressional and district boundaries The congressional boundaries can be vetoed by the governor while the district boundaries created by a joint resolution between both houses cannot be vetoed by the governor 13 The governor has the power to veto legislation but legislators can override the veto with a two thirds decision 14 The Senate tries all impeachments referred to it by the House of Representatives 15 All gubernatorial appointments are subject to approval of the Senate 16 Leadership editThe President of the Senate is Mississippi Lieutenant Governor Delbert Hosemann who is Republican The President pro tempore is Republican Dean Kirby 17 The Minority Leader is Democrat Derrick Simmons 18 The Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi serves as the President of the Senate 19 and has the sole ability to appoint the chairmanships or vice chairmanships of various Senate committees regardless of party size 20 They can only cast a legislative vote if required to break a tie 19 In his or her absence the President Pro Tempore presides over the Senate 21 The President Pro Tempore is elected by a majority of senators present with following elections for the senate secretary seargent at arms and a doorkeeper 22 The President Pro Tempore chairs the Senate Rules Committee oversees the day to day operations of the Senate staff and assumes the responsibilities of the president in their absence 23 Party composition editAffiliation Party Shading indicates majority caucus TotalDemocratic Republican VacantEnd of previous legislature 2023 16 36 52 0Start of current legislature 2024 16 36 52 0Latest voting share 30 8 69 2 Although the Democratic Party retained their majority in the Senate after the 2003 general election a party switch by Democratic Senator James Shannon Walley of Leakesville in January 2007 threw control of the chamber to the Republicans 24 Because the Lieutenant Governor Amy Tuck was a Republican this gave Republicans control of the Senate for the first time since Reconstruction and a de facto majority only on a tie vote 25 In the November 6 2007 statewide elections Democrats won back control of the chamber 26 however party switches from Senators Nolan Mettetal in February 2008 and Cindy Hyde Smith in December 2010 gave the Republicans a de factor majority with Lieutenant Governor Phil Bryant holding the tiebreaker vote 27 28 After another party switch in February 2011 the Republicans expanded their majority to 27 24 with one vacancy 29 As of 2024 the Mississippi Senate has 36 Republican members and 16 Democratic members 30 Members of the Mississippi Senate 2024 2028 editDistrict Name Party Assumed Office Counties Represented Notes1 Michael McLendon Rep 2020 DeSoto2 David Parker Rep 2013 DeSoto3 Kathy Chism Rep 2020 Benton Pontotoc Union4 Rita Potts Parks Rep 2012 Alcorn Tippah5 Daniel Sparks Rep 2020 Itawamba Prentiss Tishomingo6 Chad McMahan Rep 2016 Itawamba Lee7 Hob Bryan Dem 1984 Itawamba Lee Monroe8 Benjamin Suber Rep 2020 Calhoun Chickasaw Lee Pontotoc Yalobusha9 Nicole Akins Boyd Rep 2020 Lafayette Panola10 Neil Whaley Rep 2018 Marshall Tate11 Reginald Jackson Dem 2024 Coahoma DeSoto Quitman Tate Tunica12 Derrick Simmons Dem 2011 Bolivar Coahoma Washington13 Sarita Simmons Dem 2020 Bolivar Sunflower Tallahatchie14 Lydia Chassaniol Rep 2007 Attala Carroll Grenada Leflore Montgomery Panola Tallahatchie Yalobusha15 Bart Williams Rep 2020 Choctaw Montgomery Oktibbeha Webster16 Angela Turner Ford Dem 2013 Clay Lowndes Noxubee Oktibbeha17 Charles Younger Rep 2014 Lowndes Monroe18 Jenifer Branning Rep 2016 Leake Neshoba Winston19 Kevin Blackwell Rep 2016 DeSoto Marshall20 Josh Harkins Rep 2012 Rankin21 Bradford Blackmon Dem 2024 Attala Holmes Leake Madison22 Joseph C Thomas Dem 2020 Humphreys Madison Sharkey Sunflower Washington Yazoo Previously served from 2004 200823 Briggs Hopson Rep 2008 Issaquena Warren Yazoo24 David Lee Jordan Dem 1993 Grenada Holmes Humphreys Leflore Tallahatchie25 J Walter Michel Rep 2016 Hinds Madison Previously served from 1999 201126 John Horhn Dem 1993 Hinds Madison27 Hillman Terome Frazier Dem 1993 Hinds28 Sollie Norwood Dem 2013 Hinds29 David Blount Dem 2008 Hinds30 Dean Kirby Rep 1992 Rankin31 Tyler McCaughn Rep 2020 Lauderdale Newton Scott32 Rod Hickman Dem 2021 Kemper Lauderdale Noxubee Winston33 Jeff Tate Rep 2020 Clarke Lauderdale34 Juan Barnett Dem 2020 Forrest Jasper Jones35 Andy Berry Rep 2024 Copiah Jefferson Davis Lawrence Simpson36 Brian Rhodes Rep 2024 Rankin Smith37 Albert Butler Dem 2010 Adams Claiborne Copiah Franklin Hinds Jefferson Represented district 36 prior to 202438 Gary Brumfield Dem 2024 Adams Amite Pike Walthall Wilkinson39 Jason Barrett Rep 2020 Copiah Lawrence Lincoln Walthall40 Angela Burks Hill Rep 2012 Marion Pearl River41 Joey Fillingane Rep 2007 Covington Forrest Jefferson Davis Lamar Smith42 Robin Robinson Rep 2024 Forrest Greene Jones Wayne43 Dennis DeBar Rep 2016 George Greene Wayne44 John A Polk Rep 2012 Lamar Pearl River45 Chris Johnson Rep 2020 Forrest Perry46 Philman Ladner Rep 2024 Hancock Harrison47 Mike Seymour Rep 2016 Jackson Pearl River Stone48 Mike Thompson Rep 2020 Harrison49 Joel Carter Rep 2018 Harrison50 Scott DeLano Rep 2020 Harrison51 Jeremy England Rep 2020 Jackson52 Brice Wiggins Rep 2012 Jackson nbsp Past composition of the Senate editMain article Mississippi Legislature See alsoSee also editMississippi State Capitol Mississippi Legislature Mississippi House of Representatives List of former members of the Mississippi State SenateReferences edit Article 12 Section 254 of the Constitution of Mississippi 1890 a b c Watson Michael 2021 Legislature PDF Mississippi Blue Book 2020 2024 Mississippi Secretary of State Mississippi s Population Declined 0 2 Census gov Retrieved February 10 2024 a b Watson Michael 2021 Elections PDF 2020 2024 Mississippi Blue Book Mississippi Secretary of State Article 4 Section 102 of the Constitution of Mississippi 1890 MS Code 23 15 851 2013 a b Article 4 Section 36 of the Constitution of Mississippi 1890 Article 4 Section 55 of the Constitution of Mississippi 1890 Article 4 Section 54 of the Constitution of Mississippi Constitution Article 4 Section 57 of the Constitution of Mississippi 1890 Article 4 Section 59 of the Constitution of Mississippi 1890 Article 4 Section 60 of the Constitution of Mississippi 1890 Mississippi All About Redistricting All About Redistricting Loyola Law School June 18 2020 Retrieved January 20 2021 Article 4 Section 72 of the Constitution of Mississippi 1890 Article 4 Section 49 of the Constitution of Mississippi Constitution Mississippi Code 7 1 35 Dean Kirby elected Senate president pro tempore WJTV Jackson January 7 2020 Retrieved January 18 2020 Criss Jack October 10 2022 Senator Derrick Simmons Delta Business Journal Retrieved February 10 2024 a b Article 5 Section 129 of the Constitution of Mississippi 1890 Harrison Bobby April 7 2019 Lieutenant governor s power derives from senators lawmaker says chamber must take back its authority Mississippi Today Retrieved February 10 2024 Article 4 Section 39 of the Constitution of Mississippi 1890 MS Code 5 1 15 2013 Harrison Bobby January 2 2024 Dean Kirby elected to second term as Senate s second in command Mississippi Today Retrieved February 10 2024 Leakesville state rep switches parties WDAM January 15 2007 Retrieved February 10 2024 Pender Geoff January 12 2007 State Senate numbers are equal GOP Dems even after Walley switch The Sun Herald p 2 Taggart Andy Nash Jere November 11 2007 The 2008 Mississippi Legislature Is it back to the future Clarion Ledger p 59 State Sen Mettetal joins Republican Party The Natchez Democrat January 30 2008 Retrieved February 10 2024 Sen Hyde Smith joins Republicans Daily Leader December 29 2010 Retrieved February 10 2024 Farrell David A February 25 2011 Lee switches parties The Picayune Item pp 1 3 Mississippi Election Results The New York Times November 7 2023 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 10 2024 External links editMississippi Legislature State Senate of Mississippi at Project Vote Smart Mississippi State Senate at Ballotpedia 32 18 14 N 90 10 56 W 32 30389 N 90 18222 W 32 30389 90 18222 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mississippi State Senate amp oldid 1206561878, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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