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Minoritenkirche (Vienna)

The Minoritenkirche (English: Friars Minor Conventual Church, related to the monastic Order of Friars Minor Conventual monks), formally called Italienische Nationalkirche Maria Schnee (English: Italian National Church of Mary of the Snows, related to the Italian Congregation who was the owner of this church), was built in French Gothic style in the Altstadt or First District of Vienna, Austria.[2]

Minoritenkirche
Minoritenkirche, Vienna, Austria
Religion
AffiliationSociety of Saint Pius X
LeadershipCongregazione Italiana Madonna della Neve
Location
LocationVienna, Austria
Shown within Vienna
Minoritenkirche (Vienna) (Austria)
Geographic coordinates48°12′34″N 16°21′49″E / 48.2094°N 16.3636°E / 48.2094; 16.3636
Architecture
Architect(s)Jacobus Parisiensis
TypeChurch[1]
StyleGothic
Groundbreaking1276
Completed1350
Specifications
Length45 m
Width35 m
Width (nave)15 m
Height (max)54 m

The site on which the church is built was given to followers of Francis of Assisi in 1224. The foundation stone was laid by King Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1276. Duke Albrecht II later supported the building process, especially the main portal. The Gothic Ludwig choir was built between 1316 and 1328, and used as a mausoleum in the 14th and 15th centuries. Construction of the church was completed in 1350.

The top of its belltower was damaged during the first Austro-Turkish war, rebuilt, then again destroyed again during the second Austro-Turkish war; the top was then replaced by a flat roof.

When Joseph II gave the church to the Italians as a present, they transferred the name Maria Schnee ("Mary of the Snows") from their nearby chapel which was subsequently destroyed.

Following disagreements between the church owner (the Italian Congregation Mary of the Snows) and the Archdiocese of Vienna, the Italian community was moved to the Church of the Holy Trinity of the Friars Minor in the Alservorstadt.[3] After two years of uncertainty, in 2021 the Italian Congregation donated the Minoritenkirche to the Society of Saint Pius X, which operates it to this day.[4]

History edit

The church is located in the Innere Stadt of Vienna, northwest of the Hofburg, at the Minoritenplatz. The Minoriten were Franciscan friars (Latin: "fratres minores").[2] They were appointed to Vienna in 1224.[2]

After the city fire of 1275, the foundation-stone for the new church was laid by Ottokar Přemysl.[2] It was one of the first Gothic churches in the east-Austrian area. After Ottokar's death in the battle on the Marchfeld, he was laid out here for thirty weeks.[2]

A crucial break came in 1782, when the Minorite church was closed in the course of the religious politics of Joseph II.[2] The church thereupon was renamed the "Italian National Church of Mary of the Snow" (Santa Maria Maggiore) – a name which still exists today. In the course of the evacuation of their church, the Franciscan friars minor brought the cross provided with a picture of Christ hanging over the high altar of their church in Wimpassing, so that, when it came back to Vienna some centuries later, it was called the "Wimpassinger cross." Today a copy of it hangs in the Stephansdom cathedral.

Parish split and donation to the Society of Saint Pius X edit

In 2019, a split occurred between the owner of the church (the Italian Congregation Mary of the Snows, led by Mrs Daniela Panella Jirout) and Father Thomas Manalil, the priest in charge of the church: the disagreement involved many issues, especially the liturgy, with Panella supporting the use of traditional liturgy and Father Manalil supporting a more modern one. Following repeated failed attempts to reconcile, the Congregation asked the Archdiocese of Vienna to dismiss Father Manalil and send a new priest; in response, Father Manalil resigned from his post in the church. Since a part of church-community-members supported Manalil's positions, the Archdiocese moved the Italian Catholic community in Vienna to the Church of the Holy Trinity of the Friars Minor in the Alservorstadt.[3]

After two years of uncertainty, on 25 May 2021 the Congregation donated the Minoritenkirche to the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), a traditionalist Catholic clerical fraternity which is currently not in full communion with the Holy See. The SSPX started to operate the church on 3 June 2022.[5] Since then, the Tridentine Mass is recited daily on working days and twice on Sunday.[5]

Exterior edit

 
Appearance of the church with spire (from Geschichte der Stadt Wien, by Carl Weiss, 1872)

The whole building follows the pattern of French Cathedral architecture. The building masters are unknown; however, it is commonly attributed to Jacobus Parisiensis, Fra Giacomo of Paris, who was the confessor of Duke Albrecht II.[2] The portal follows a French pattern, rare for Austria.[2] The tympanum is divided by circle impacts into three fields, whereby in the middle field, Christ on a branch cross is displayed. On the left, is Mary with Mary Magdalene and other female figures; on the right, John the Evangelist, Saint Longinus the soldier, and other male figures. The outermost male and female figures could represent Duke Albrecht II and his wife Johanna of Pfirt, particularly since the male figure seems to wear a Duke hat. The figures are very elegant and fine-linked represented: probably a French influence, and, at the same time, an important style characteristic of the Minoritenwerkstatt, which date back until approximately 1360.[2]

In the course of the new dedication, numerous changes were made by Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg, which were aimed particularly at the removal of baroque on the inside. Nevertheless, it was not in the final result "Regotisierung," as this was called more frequently, since also parts of the Gothic building style of the Church were eliminated, in particular, the long choir.

In 1529, the spire was destroyed for the first time but rebuilt in 1633. During the second Turkish siege of 1683, it once again was destroyed. The destroyed spire was replaced by a flat roof.

In the following centuries, the church remained to a large extent unchanged, only that in different wars the tower suffered damage several times.[2] Around 1900, the last major changes took place, in particular, the construction of the choir-like sacristy. In the course of the building of underground subways, into the late 1980s, the foundation walls of the long choir were found.

Interior edit

 
Drawing of the tomb of Blanche of France, Duchess of Austria, which was lost around 1784

There were important changes under the first Habsburgs.[2] Blanche of France, Duchess of Austria, the wife Rudolf III, left a chapel for her grandfather, Louis IX of France (Heiliger Ludwig von Frankreich in German) on the northern side of the church, which was completed in 1328.[2] It had a separate entrance and no connection to the nave. This was changed circa 1340, as the Ludwig chapel was combined with the two naves of the church forming a church hall with two choirs and three naves. Into the church therefore new columns were added and a new portal was constructed in the west.[2]

The Chapel of Sf Anthony of Padua holds a Baroque altar made of polychrome marble and a glass window in the style of the 17th century.

The walls of the church are covered with frescoes of the coats of arms of Austrian aristocratic families who either contributed to the construction of the church or are buried here.

High altar edit

The Neo-Gothic high altar was made by Ferdinand Hohenberg. On the altarpiece is an image by Ignaz Unterberger of the Virgin Mary similar to the one venerated in Our Lady of the Snows in Rome. Flanking it are four statues: Saints Stephen of Hungary and John the Baptist to the left, and Saints John the Evangelist and Leopold the Glorious to the right.[6]

Mosaic of The Last Supper edit

 
Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper by Giacomo Raffaelli

There is a life-sized copy of Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper on the church's northern wall. It is a mosaic made by the Roman mosaic artist Giacomo Raffaelli, commissioned by Napoleon I in 1809, but still unfinished upon his abdication. Francis II of Austria bought it, wanting to install it in the Belvedere in Vienna. As it was too large for the building, it was donated by Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria to the Italian Congregation and set up on the north wall of the church, where it remains to this day. The mosaic is 9.18 x 4.47 m and weighs approximately 20 tons.[6]

Monument for Pietro Metastasio edit

 
Monument for Pietro Metastasio

This monument, made by Lucardi, was erected in memory of the Poet Laureate Metastasio in 1855. In the central relief, Pope Pius VI is depicted blessing the dying poet. Behind him are the composer Salieri followed by W.A. Mozart, while J. Haydn is looking at the Pope.

Madonna of Rossellino edit

This Madonna was executed by the Italian artist Antonio Gamberelli, nicknamed Antonio Rossellino, in Carrara marble (15th century).[6]

Paintings edit

Trivia edit

Images edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Pfarre Unsere Liebe Frau zu den Schotten" (in German). Erzdiözese Wien. Retrieved 11 December 2007.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Wiener Minoritenkirche" ("Viennese Minorite Church"), German Wikipedia, 2006-08-30, De.Wikipedia.org webpage: DWP-Wiener-Minoritenkirche.
  3. ^ a b Di Blas, Marco (2 April 2019). "Vienna, scisma nei cattolici italiani in fuga dalla Minoritenkirche". Messaggero Veneto - Giornale del Friuli (in Italian).
  4. ^ "A New Church for the Society of Saint Pius X in Vienna". FSSPX.Actualités / FSSPX.News. 24 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Italienische Kongregation". www.minoritenkirche-wien.info. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  6. ^ a b c Guide of the Minoritenkirche available in the church.

External links edit

  • Italienische Nationalkirche Maria Schnee Minoritenkirche Official Homepage of the Minoritenkirche & the Italian Congregation
  • Viennas Minoritenkirche see here a video of the church

minoritenkirche, vienna, minoritenkirche, english, friars, minor, conventual, church, related, monastic, order, friars, minor, conventual, monks, formally, called, italienische, nationalkirche, maria, schnee, english, italian, national, church, mary, snows, re. The Minoritenkirche English Friars Minor Conventual Church related to the monastic Order of Friars Minor Conventual monks formally called Italienische Nationalkirche Maria Schnee English Italian National Church of Mary of the Snows related to the Italian Congregation who was the owner of this church was built in French Gothic style in the Altstadt or First District of Vienna Austria 2 MinoritenkircheMinoritenkirche Vienna AustriaReligionAffiliationSociety of Saint Pius XLeadershipCongregazione Italiana Madonna della NeveLocationLocationVienna AustriaShown within ViennaShow map of ViennaMinoritenkirche Vienna Austria Show map of AustriaGeographic coordinates48 12 34 N 16 21 49 E 48 2094 N 16 3636 E 48 2094 16 3636ArchitectureArchitect s Jacobus ParisiensisTypeChurch 1 StyleGothicGroundbreaking1276Completed1350SpecificationsLength45 mWidth35 mWidth nave 15 mHeight max 54 m The site on which the church is built was given to followers of Francis of Assisi in 1224 The foundation stone was laid by King Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1276 Duke Albrecht II later supported the building process especially the main portal The Gothic Ludwig choir was built between 1316 and 1328 and used as a mausoleum in the 14th and 15th centuries Construction of the church was completed in 1350 The top of its belltower was damaged during the first Austro Turkish war rebuilt then again destroyed again during the second Austro Turkish war the top was then replaced by a flat roof When Joseph II gave the church to the Italians as a present they transferred the name Maria Schnee Mary of the Snows from their nearby chapel which was subsequently destroyed Following disagreements between the church owner the Italian Congregation Mary of the Snows and the Archdiocese of Vienna the Italian community was moved to the Church of the Holy Trinity of the Friars Minor in the Alservorstadt 3 After two years of uncertainty in 2021 the Italian Congregation donated the Minoritenkirche to the Society of Saint Pius X which operates it to this day 4 Contents 1 History 1 1 Parish split and donation to the Society of Saint Pius X 2 Exterior 3 Interior 3 1 High altar 3 2 Mosaic of The Last Supper 3 3 Monument for Pietro Metastasio 3 4 Madonna of Rossellino 3 5 Paintings 4 Trivia 5 Images 6 Notes 7 External linksHistory editThe church is located in the Innere Stadt of Vienna northwest of the Hofburg at the Minoritenplatz The Minoriten were Franciscan friars Latin fratres minores 2 They were appointed to Vienna in 1224 2 After the city fire of 1275 the foundation stone for the new church was laid by Ottokar Premysl 2 It was one of the first Gothic churches in the east Austrian area After Ottokar s death in the battle on the Marchfeld he was laid out here for thirty weeks 2 A crucial break came in 1782 when the Minorite church was closed in the course of the religious politics of Joseph II 2 The church thereupon was renamed the Italian National Church of Mary of the Snow Santa Maria Maggiore a name which still exists today In the course of the evacuation of their church the Franciscan friars minor brought the cross provided with a picture of Christ hanging over the high altar of their church in Wimpassing so that when it came back to Vienna some centuries later it was called the Wimpassinger cross Today a copy of it hangs in the Stephansdom cathedral Parish split and donation to the Society of Saint Pius X edit In 2019 a split occurred between the owner of the church the Italian Congregation Mary of the Snows led by Mrs Daniela Panella Jirout and Father Thomas Manalil the priest in charge of the church the disagreement involved many issues especially the liturgy with Panella supporting the use of traditional liturgy and Father Manalil supporting a more modern one Following repeated failed attempts to reconcile the Congregation asked the Archdiocese of Vienna to dismiss Father Manalil and send a new priest in response Father Manalil resigned from his post in the church Since a part of church community members supported Manalil s positions the Archdiocese moved the Italian Catholic community in Vienna to the Church of the Holy Trinity of the Friars Minor in the Alservorstadt 3 After two years of uncertainty on 25 May 2021 the Congregation donated the Minoritenkirche to the Society of Saint Pius X SSPX a traditionalist Catholic clerical fraternity which is currently not in full communion with the Holy See The SSPX started to operate the church on 3 June 2022 5 Since then the Tridentine Mass is recited daily on working days and twice on Sunday 5 Exterior edit nbsp Appearance of the church with spire from Geschichte der Stadt Wien by Carl Weiss 1872 The whole building follows the pattern of French Cathedral architecture The building masters are unknown however it is commonly attributed to Jacobus Parisiensis Fra Giacomo of Paris who was the confessor of Duke Albrecht II 2 The portal follows a French pattern rare for Austria 2 The tympanum is divided by circle impacts into three fields whereby in the middle field Christ on a branch cross is displayed On the left is Mary with Mary Magdalene and other female figures on the right John the Evangelist Saint Longinus the soldier and other male figures The outermost male and female figures could represent Duke Albrecht II and his wife Johanna of Pfirt particularly since the male figure seems to wear a Duke hat The figures are very elegant and fine linked represented probably a French influence and at the same time an important style characteristic of the Minoritenwerkstatt which date back until approximately 1360 2 In the course of the new dedication numerous changes were made by Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg which were aimed particularly at the removal of baroque on the inside Nevertheless it was not in the final result Regotisierung as this was called more frequently since also parts of the Gothic building style of the Church were eliminated in particular the long choir In 1529 the spire was destroyed for the first time but rebuilt in 1633 During the second Turkish siege of 1683 it once again was destroyed The destroyed spire was replaced by a flat roof In the following centuries the church remained to a large extent unchanged only that in different wars the tower suffered damage several times 2 Around 1900 the last major changes took place in particular the construction of the choir like sacristy In the course of the building of underground subways into the late 1980s the foundation walls of the long choir were found Interior edit nbsp Drawing of the tomb of Blanche of France Duchess of Austria which was lost around 1784 There were important changes under the first Habsburgs 2 Blanche of France Duchess of Austria the wife Rudolf III left a chapel for her grandfather Louis IX of France Heiliger Ludwig von Frankreich in German on the northern side of the church which was completed in 1328 2 It had a separate entrance and no connection to the nave This was changed circa 1340 as the Ludwig chapel was combined with the two naves of the church forming a church hall with two choirs and three naves Into the church therefore new columns were added and a new portal was constructed in the west 2 The Chapel of Sf Anthony of Padua holds a Baroque altar made of polychrome marble and a glass window in the style of the 17th century The walls of the church are covered with frescoes of the coats of arms of Austrian aristocratic families who either contributed to the construction of the church or are buried here High altar edit The Neo Gothic high altar was made by Ferdinand Hohenberg On the altarpiece is an image by Ignaz Unterberger of the Virgin Mary similar to the one venerated in Our Lady of the Snows in Rome Flanking it are four statues Saints Stephen of Hungary and John the Baptist to the left and Saints John the Evangelist and Leopold the Glorious to the right 6 Mosaic of The Last Supper edit nbsp Leonardo da Vinci s The Last Supper by Giacomo Raffaelli There is a life sized copy of Leonardo da Vinci s The Last Supper on the church s northern wall It is a mosaic made by the Roman mosaic artist Giacomo Raffaelli commissioned by Napoleon I in 1809 but still unfinished upon his abdication Francis II of Austria bought it wanting to install it in the Belvedere in Vienna As it was too large for the building it was donated by Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria to the Italian Congregation and set up on the north wall of the church where it remains to this day The mosaic is 9 18 x 4 47 m and weighs approximately 20 tons 6 Monument for Pietro Metastasio edit nbsp Monument for Pietro Metastasio This monument made by Lucardi was erected in memory of the Poet Laureate Metastasio in 1855 In the central relief Pope Pius VI is depicted blessing the dying poet Behind him are the composer Salieri followed by W A Mozart while J Haydn is looking at the Pope Madonna of Rossellino edit This Madonna was executed by the Italian artist Antonio Gamberelli nicknamed Antonio Rossellino in Carrara marble 15th century 6 Paintings edit The glorification of St John Nepomuck by Bartolomeo Altomonte The foundation of abbey Klosteneuburg by Martino Altomonte The Holy Family by Hautzinger The Tragedy of the Plague by Steiner St Benedict and the Miracle of St Nicholas by Daniel Gran Delicate figure of St Francis of Assisi painted by an unknown Master of the 16th century Trivia editThe Church is the subject of Adolf Hitler s most renowned work of art a watercolor painted in 1910 The painting is mentioned several times in the novel Deadeye Dick by Kurt Vonnegut Images edit nbsp Minoritenplatz square in front of church nbsp Belltower nbsp Passageway nbsp View of the altar nbsp Organ nbsp Stained glass window nbsp Arcades with epitaphs at the squareNotes edit Pfarre Unsere Liebe Frau zu den Schotten in German Erzdiozese Wien Retrieved 11 December 2007 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Wiener Minoritenkirche Viennese Minorite Church German Wikipedia 2006 08 30 De Wikipedia org webpage DWP Wiener Minoritenkirche a b Di Blas Marco 2 April 2019 Vienna scisma nei cattolici italiani in fuga dalla Minoritenkirche Messaggero Veneto Giornale del Friuli in Italian A New Church for the Society of Saint Pius X in Vienna FSSPX Actualites FSSPX News 24 August 2021 Retrieved 25 August 2021 a b Italienische Kongregation www minoritenkirche wien info Retrieved 15 September 2022 a b c Guide of the Minoritenkirche available in the church External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Minoritenkirche Vienna Italienische Nationalkirche Maria Schnee Minoritenkirche Official Homepage of the Minoritenkirche amp the Italian Congregation Viennas Minoritenkirche see here a video of the church Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Minoritenkirche Vienna amp oldid 1172497780, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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