fbpx
Wikipedia

Minister for the Environment and Water (Australia)

The Australian Minister for the Environment and Water is a position which is currently held by Tanya Plibersek in the Albanese ministry since 1 June 2022, following the Australian federal election in 2022.[1]

Minister for the Environment and Water
Incumbent
Tanya Plibersek
since 1 June 2022 (2022-06-01)
Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water
StyleThe Honourable
AppointerGovernor-General on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of Australia
Inaugural holderPeter Howson (as Minister for the Environment, Aborigines and the Arts)
Formation10 March 1971 (1971-03-10)
Websiteminister.dcceew.gov.au/plibersek

In the Government of Australia, the minister and assistant minister are responsible for the protection and conservation of the environment; to ensure that Australia benefits from meteorological and related sciences and services; and to see that Australia's interests in Antarctica are advanced. The minister provides direction and oversight of the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (previously the Department of the Environment and Energy, and before that the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities) to develop and implement national policy, programs and legislation to protect and conserve Australia's environment and heritage.

Portfolio responsibilities

The minister administers their portfolio through the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water and its environment component bodies, including:

List of Ministers for the Environment

The following individuals have been appointed as Minister for the Environment, or any precedent titles:[2]

Order Minister Party affiliation Prime Minister Ministerial title Term start Term end Term in office
1 Peter Howson   Liberal McMahon Minister for the Environment, Aborigines and the Arts 10 March 1971 (1971-03-10) 5 December 1972 (1972-12-05) 1 year, 270 days
2 Gough Whitlam1 Labor Whitlam 5 December 1972 (1972-12-05) 19 December 1972 (1972-12-19) 14 days
3 Moss Cass Minister for the Environment and Conservation 19 December 1972 (1972-12-19) 21 April 1975 (1975-04-21) 2 years, 169 days
Minister for the Environment 21 April 1975 (1975-04-21) 6 June 1975 (1975-06-06)
4 Jim Cairns 6 June 1975 (1975-06-06) 2 July 1975 (1975-07-02) 26 days
n/a Gough Whitlam 2 July 1975 (1975-07-02) 14 July 1975 (1975-07-14) 12 days
5 Joe Berinson 14 July 1975 (1975-07-14) 11 November 1975 (1975-11-11) 120 days
6 Andrew Peacock Liberal Fraser 11 November 1975 (1975-11-11) 22 December 1975 (1975-12-22) 41 days
7 Ivor Greenwood Minister for Environment, Housing and Community Development 22 December 1975 (1975-12-22) 8 July 1976 (1976-07-08) 199 days
8 Kevin Newman 8 July 1976 (1976-07-08) 20 December 1977 (1977-12-20) 1 year, 165 days
9 Ray Groom 20 December 1977 (1977-12-20) 5 December 1978 (1978-12-05) 350 days
10 James Webster Minister for Science and the Environment 5 December 1978 (1978-12-05) 8 December 1979 (1979-12-08) 1 year, 3 days
11 David Thomson 8 December 1979 (1979-12-08) 3 November 1980 (1980-11-03) 331 days
12 Robert Ellicott Minister for Home Affairs and the Environment 3 November 1980 (1980-11-03) 17 February 1981 (1981-02-17) 106 days
13 Michael MacKellar 17 February 1981 (1981-02-17) 19 March 1981 (1981-03-19) 30 days
14 Ian Wilson 19 March 1981 (1981-03-19) 7 May 1982 (1982-05-07) 1 year, 49 days
15 Tom McVeigh National Country 7 May 1982 (1982-05-07) 16 October 1982 308 days
National 16 October 1982 11 March 1983
16 Barry Cohen Labor Hawke 11 March 1983 (1983-03-11) 13 December 1984 (1984-12-13) 4 years, 135 days
Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Environment 13 December 1984 (1984-12-13) 24 July 1987 (1987-07-24)
17 John Brown Minister for Arts, Sport, the Environment, Tourism and Territories 24 July 1987 (1987-07-24) 18 December 1987 (1987-12-18) 147 days
18 Graham Richardson 19 January 1988 (1988-01-19) 4 April 1990 (1990-04-04) 2 years, 75 days
19 Ros Kelly 4 April 1990 (1990-04-04) 20 December 1991 (1991-12-20) 3 years, 331 days
Keating Minister for Arts, Sport, the Environment and Territories 20 December 1991 (1991-12-20) 24 March 1993 (1993-03-24)
Minister for the Environment, Sport and Territories 24 March 1993 (1993-03-24) 1 March 1994 (1994-03-01)
n/a Graham Richardson 1 March 1994 (1994-03-01) 25 March 1994 (1994-03-25) 24 days
20 John Faulkner 25 March 1994 (1994-03-25) 11 March 1996 (1996-03-11) 1 year, 352 days
21 Robert Hill Liberal Howard Minister for the Environment 11 March 1996 (1996-03-11) 21 October 1998 (1998-10-21) 5 years, 260 days
22 Minister for the Environment and Heritage 21 October 1998 (1998-10-21) 26 November 2001 (2001-11-26)
23 David Kemp 26 November 2001 (2001-11-26) 26 October 2004 (2004-10-26) 2 years, 335 days
24 Ian Campbell 26 October 2004 (2004-10-26) 30 January 2007 (2007-01-30) 2 years, 96 days
25 Malcolm Turnbull Minister for the Environment and Water Resources 30 January 2007 (2007-01-30) 3 December 2007 (2007-12-03) 307 days
26 Peter Garrett Labor Rudd Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts 3 December 2007 (2007-12-03) 8 March 2010 (2010-03-08) 2 years, 285 days
Minister for Environment Protection, Heritage and the Arts 8 March 2010 (2010-03-08) 24 June 2010 (2010-06-24)
Gillard 24 June 2010 (2010-06-24) 14 September 2010 (2010-09-14)
27 Tony Burke Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities 14 September 2010 (2010-09-14) 1 July 2013 (2013-07-01) 2 years, 290 days
28 Mark Butler Rudd Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Water 1 July 2013 (2013-07-01) 18 September 2013 (2013-09-18) 79 days
29 Greg Hunt Liberal Abbott Minister for the Environment 18 September 2013 (2013-09-18) 15 September 2015 (2015-09-15) 2 years, 305 days
Turnbull 15 September 2015 (2015-09-15) 19 July 2016 (2016-07-19)
30 Josh Frydenberg Minister for the Environment and Energy 19 July 2016 (2016-07-19) 28 August 2018 (2018-08-28) 2 years, 40 days
31 Melissa Price Morrison Minister for the Environment 18 August 2018 (2018-08-18) 29 May 2019 (2019-05-29) 274 days
32 Sussan Ley 29 May 2019 (2019-05-29) 23 May 2022 (2022-05-23) 2 years, 359 days
33 Tanya Plibersek Labor Albanese Minister for the Environment and Water 1 June 2022 (2022-06-01) Incumbent 244 days

Notes

1 Whitlam was one of a two-man ministry consisting of himself and Lance Barnard for two weeks until the full ministry was announced.

List of Ministers for Water

The following individuals have been appointed as Minister for Water, or any precedent titles:

Order Minister Party affiliation Prime Minister Ministerial title Term start Term end Term in office
1 Malcolm Turnbull Liberal Howard Minister for the Environment and Water Resources 30 January 2007 (2007-01-30) 3 December 2007 (2007-12-03) 307 days
2 Penny Wong Labor Rudd Minister for Climate Change and Water 3 December 2007 (2007-12-03) 8 March 2010 (2010-03-08) 2 years, 285 days
Minister for Climate Change, Energy Efficiency and Water 8 March 2010 (2010-03-08) 24 June 2010 (2010-06-24)
Gillard 24 June 2010 (2010-06-24) 14 September 2010 (2010-09-14)
3 Tony Burke Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities 14 September 2010 (2010-09-14) 1 July 2013 (2013-07-01) 2 years, 290 days
4 Mark Butler Rudd Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Water 1 July 2013 (2013-07-01) 18 September 2013 (2013-09-18) 79 days
5 Barnaby Joyce National Turnbull Minister for Agriculture and Water Resources 21 September 2015 (2015-09-21) 27 October 2017 (2017-10-27) 2 years, 36 days
n/a Malcolm Turnbull Liberal 27 October 2017 (2017-10-27) 6 December 2017 (2017-12-06) 40 days
n/a Barnaby Joyce National 6 December 2017 (2017-12-06) 20 December 2017 (2017-12-20) 14 days
6 David Littleproud 20 December 2017 (2017-12-20) 28 August 2018 (2018-08-28) 2 years, 48 days
Morrison 28 August 2018 (2018-08-28) 29 May 2019 (2019-05-29)
Minister for Water Resources, Drought, Rural Finance, Natural Disaster and Emergency Management 29 May 2019 (2019-05-29) 6 February 2020 (2020-02-06)
7 Keith Pitt Minister for Resources, Water and Northern Australia 6 February 2020 (2020-02-06) 2 July 2021 (2021-07-02) 2 years, 106 days
Minister for Resources and Water 2 July 2021 (2021-07-02) 23 May 2022 (2022-05-23)
8 Tanya Plibersek Labor Albanese Minister for the Environment and Water 1 June 2022 (2022-06-01) Incumbent 244 days

Former ministerial portfolios

List of ministers for sustainable population

The Minister for Sustainable Population was a ministerial portfolio administered through the Department of the Treasury responsible for "planning properly for the infrastructure needs, for the housing needs, for the transport needs, for the regional needs" of the Australian population of the future.[3] Originally entitled the Minister for Population by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, his successor, Julia Gillard, renamed the portfolio to the Minister for Sustainable Population to reflect her policy changes on the matter of population growth and the need for a sustainable future for Australia, saying the change sends a clear message about the new direction the Government is taking.[4] After the 2010 federal election, the portfolio was subsumed by the Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities portfolio.[5]

Order Minister Party Prime Minister Title Term start Term end Term in office
1 Tony Burke   Labor Rudd Minister for Population 14 April 2010 (2010-04-14) 28 June 2010 (2010-06-28) 3 years, 78 days
Gillard Minister for Sustainable Population 28 June 2010 (2010-06-28) 14 September 2010 (2010-09-14)
Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities 14 September 2010 (2010-09-14) 1 July 2013 (2013-07-01)

List of minister for cities and the built environment

The following individual has served as the Minister for Cities and the Built Environment.

Order Minister Party Prime Minister Title Term start Term end Term in office
1 Jamie Briggs   Liberal Turnbull Minister for Cities and the Built Environment 21 September 2015 (2015-09-21) 29 December 2015 (2015-12-29) 99 days

List of assistant ministers for the environment

The following individual has served as the Assistant Minister for the Environment.

Order Minister Party Prime Minister Title Term start Term end Term in office
1 Melissa Price   Liberal Turnbull Assistant Minister for the Environment 20 December 2017 (2017-12-20) 28 August 2018 (2018-08-28) 1984 days

See also

References

  1. ^ "Press Conference - Parliament House, Canberra | Prime Minister of Australia". www.pm.gov.au. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  2. ^ . 43rd Parliamentary Handbook: Historical information on the Australian Parliament. Parliament of Australia. 2010. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  3. ^ "Burke takes on population portfolio". ABC News. Australia. 3 April 2010.
  4. ^ "Gillard puts brakes on 'big Australia'". ABC News. Australia. 27 June 2010. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  5. ^ "Second Gillard Ministry" (PDF). The Australian. 14 September 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.

External links

  • Official website

minister, environment, water, australia, australian, minister, environment, water, position, which, currently, held, tanya, plibersek, albanese, ministry, since, june, 2022, following, australian, federal, election, 2022, minister, environment, waterincumbentt. The Australian Minister for the Environment and Water is a position which is currently held by Tanya Plibersek in the Albanese ministry since 1 June 2022 following the Australian federal election in 2022 1 Minister for the Environment and WaterIncumbentTanya Pliberseksince 1 June 2022 2022 06 01 Department of Climate Change Energy the Environment and WaterStyleThe HonourableAppointerGovernor General on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of AustraliaInaugural holderPeter Howson as Minister for the Environment Aborigines and the Arts Formation10 March 1971 1971 03 10 Websiteminister wbr dcceew wbr gov wbr au wbr plibersekIn the Government of Australia the minister and assistant minister are responsible for the protection and conservation of the environment to ensure that Australia benefits from meteorological and related sciences and services and to see that Australia s interests in Antarctica are advanced The minister provides direction and oversight of the Department of Agriculture Water and the Environment previously the Department of the Environment and Energy and before that the Department of Sustainability Environment Water Population and Communities to develop and implement national policy programs and legislation to protect and conserve Australia s environment and heritage Contents 1 Portfolio responsibilities 2 List of Ministers for the Environment 3 List of Ministers for Water 4 Former ministerial portfolios 4 1 List of ministers for sustainable population 4 2 List of minister for cities and the built environment 4 3 List of assistant ministers for the environment 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksPortfolio responsibilities EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed December 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The minister administers their portfolio through the Department of Climate Change Energy the Environment and Water and its environment component bodies including Antarctic Animal Ethics Committee Antarctic Ethics Committee Human Experimentation Antarctic Research Assessment Committees ARACs Antarctic Science Advisory Committee Australia Netherlands Committee on Old Dutch Shipwrecks Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee Australian Heritage Council Bureau of Meteorology Environment Protection and Heritage Council Great Barrier Reef Consultative Committee Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Great Barrier Reef Ministerial Council Great Barrier Reef Structural Adjustment Package Technical Advisory Committee Hazardous Waste Technical Group Murray Darling Basin Authority National Environment Protection Council National Environmental Education Council New South Wales World Heritage Properties Ministerial Council Office of the Renewable Energy Regulator Science Program Management Committee State of the Environment Committee 2006 Stockholm Intergovernmental Forum Sydney Harbour Federation Trust Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area Ministerial Council Threatened Species Scientific Committee Wet Tropics Ministerial CouncilList of Ministers for the Environment EditThe following individuals have been appointed as Minister for the Environment or any precedent titles 2 Order Minister Party affiliation Prime Minister Ministerial title Term start Term end Term in office1 Peter Howson Liberal McMahon Minister for the Environment Aborigines and the Arts 10 March 1971 1971 03 10 5 December 1972 1972 12 05 1 year 270 days2 Gough Whitlam1 Labor Whitlam 5 December 1972 1972 12 05 19 December 1972 1972 12 19 14 days3 Moss Cass Minister for the Environment and Conservation 19 December 1972 1972 12 19 21 April 1975 1975 04 21 2 years 169 daysMinister for the Environment 21 April 1975 1975 04 21 6 June 1975 1975 06 06 4 Jim Cairns 6 June 1975 1975 06 06 2 July 1975 1975 07 02 26 daysn a Gough Whitlam 2 July 1975 1975 07 02 14 July 1975 1975 07 14 12 days5 Joe Berinson 14 July 1975 1975 07 14 11 November 1975 1975 11 11 120 days6 Andrew Peacock Liberal Fraser 11 November 1975 1975 11 11 22 December 1975 1975 12 22 41 days7 Ivor Greenwood Minister for Environment Housing and Community Development 22 December 1975 1975 12 22 8 July 1976 1976 07 08 199 days8 Kevin Newman 8 July 1976 1976 07 08 20 December 1977 1977 12 20 1 year 165 days9 Ray Groom 20 December 1977 1977 12 20 5 December 1978 1978 12 05 350 days10 James Webster Minister for Science and the Environment 5 December 1978 1978 12 05 8 December 1979 1979 12 08 1 year 3 days11 David Thomson 8 December 1979 1979 12 08 3 November 1980 1980 11 03 331 days12 Robert Ellicott Minister for Home Affairs and the Environment 3 November 1980 1980 11 03 17 February 1981 1981 02 17 106 days13 Michael MacKellar 17 February 1981 1981 02 17 19 March 1981 1981 03 19 30 days14 Ian Wilson 19 March 1981 1981 03 19 7 May 1982 1982 05 07 1 year 49 days15 Tom McVeigh National Country 7 May 1982 1982 05 07 16 October 1982 308 daysNational 16 October 1982 11 March 198316 Barry Cohen Labor Hawke 11 March 1983 1983 03 11 13 December 1984 1984 12 13 4 years 135 daysMinister for Arts Heritage and the Environment 13 December 1984 1984 12 13 24 July 1987 1987 07 24 17 John Brown Minister for Arts Sport the Environment Tourism and Territories 24 July 1987 1987 07 24 18 December 1987 1987 12 18 147 days18 Graham Richardson 19 January 1988 1988 01 19 4 April 1990 1990 04 04 2 years 75 days19 Ros Kelly 4 April 1990 1990 04 04 20 December 1991 1991 12 20 3 years 331 daysKeating Minister for Arts Sport the Environment and Territories 20 December 1991 1991 12 20 24 March 1993 1993 03 24 Minister for the Environment Sport and Territories 24 March 1993 1993 03 24 1 March 1994 1994 03 01 n a Graham Richardson 1 March 1994 1994 03 01 25 March 1994 1994 03 25 24 days20 John Faulkner 25 March 1994 1994 03 25 11 March 1996 1996 03 11 1 year 352 days21 Robert Hill Liberal Howard Minister for the Environment 11 March 1996 1996 03 11 21 October 1998 1998 10 21 5 years 260 days22 Minister for the Environment and Heritage 21 October 1998 1998 10 21 26 November 2001 2001 11 26 23 David Kemp 26 November 2001 2001 11 26 26 October 2004 2004 10 26 2 years 335 days24 Ian Campbell 26 October 2004 2004 10 26 30 January 2007 2007 01 30 2 years 96 days25 Malcolm Turnbull Minister for the Environment and Water Resources 30 January 2007 2007 01 30 3 December 2007 2007 12 03 307 days26 Peter Garrett Labor Rudd Minister for the Environment Heritage and the Arts 3 December 2007 2007 12 03 8 March 2010 2010 03 08 2 years 285 daysMinister for Environment Protection Heritage and the Arts 8 March 2010 2010 03 08 24 June 2010 2010 06 24 Gillard 24 June 2010 2010 06 24 14 September 2010 2010 09 14 27 Tony Burke Minister for Sustainability Environment Water Population and Communities 14 September 2010 2010 09 14 1 July 2013 2013 07 01 2 years 290 days28 Mark Butler Rudd Minister for the Environment Heritage and Water 1 July 2013 2013 07 01 18 September 2013 2013 09 18 79 days29 Greg Hunt Liberal Abbott Minister for the Environment 18 September 2013 2013 09 18 15 September 2015 2015 09 15 2 years 305 daysTurnbull 15 September 2015 2015 09 15 19 July 2016 2016 07 19 30 Josh Frydenberg Minister for the Environment and Energy 19 July 2016 2016 07 19 28 August 2018 2018 08 28 2 years 40 days31 Melissa Price Morrison Minister for the Environment 18 August 2018 2018 08 18 29 May 2019 2019 05 29 274 days32 Sussan Ley 29 May 2019 2019 05 29 23 May 2022 2022 05 23 2 years 359 days33 Tanya Plibersek Labor Albanese Minister for the Environment and Water 1 June 2022 2022 06 01 Incumbent 244 daysNotes 1 Whitlam was one of a two man ministry consisting of himself and Lance Barnard for two weeks until the full ministry was announced List of Ministers for Water EditThe following individuals have been appointed as Minister for Water or any precedent titles Order Minister Party affiliation Prime Minister Ministerial title Term start Term end Term in office1 Malcolm Turnbull Liberal Howard Minister for the Environment and Water Resources 30 January 2007 2007 01 30 3 December 2007 2007 12 03 307 days2 Penny Wong Labor Rudd Minister for Climate Change and Water 3 December 2007 2007 12 03 8 March 2010 2010 03 08 2 years 285 daysMinister for Climate Change Energy Efficiency and Water 8 March 2010 2010 03 08 24 June 2010 2010 06 24 Gillard 24 June 2010 2010 06 24 14 September 2010 2010 09 14 3 Tony Burke Minister for Sustainability Environment Water Population and Communities 14 September 2010 2010 09 14 1 July 2013 2013 07 01 2 years 290 days4 Mark Butler Rudd Minister for the Environment Heritage and Water 1 July 2013 2013 07 01 18 September 2013 2013 09 18 79 days5 Barnaby Joyce National Turnbull Minister for Agriculture and Water Resources 21 September 2015 2015 09 21 27 October 2017 2017 10 27 2 years 36 daysn a Malcolm Turnbull Liberal 27 October 2017 2017 10 27 6 December 2017 2017 12 06 40 daysn a Barnaby Joyce National 6 December 2017 2017 12 06 20 December 2017 2017 12 20 14 days6 David Littleproud 20 December 2017 2017 12 20 28 August 2018 2018 08 28 2 years 48 daysMorrison 28 August 2018 2018 08 28 29 May 2019 2019 05 29 Minister for Water Resources Drought Rural Finance Natural Disaster and Emergency Management 29 May 2019 2019 05 29 6 February 2020 2020 02 06 7 Keith Pitt Minister for Resources Water and Northern Australia 6 February 2020 2020 02 06 2 July 2021 2021 07 02 2 years 106 daysMinister for Resources and Water 2 July 2021 2021 07 02 23 May 2022 2022 05 23 8 Tanya Plibersek Labor Albanese Minister for the Environment and Water 1 June 2022 2022 06 01 Incumbent 244 daysFormer ministerial portfolios EditList of ministers for sustainable population Edit The Minister for Sustainable Population was a ministerial portfolio administered through the Department of the Treasury responsible for planning properly for the infrastructure needs for the housing needs for the transport needs for the regional needs of the Australian population of the future 3 Originally entitled the Minister for Population by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd his successor Julia Gillard renamed the portfolio to the Minister for Sustainable Population to reflect her policy changes on the matter of population growth and the need for a sustainable future for Australia saying the change sends a clear message about the new direction the Government is taking 4 After the 2010 federal election the portfolio was subsumed by the Sustainability Environment Water Population and Communities portfolio 5 Order Minister Party Prime Minister Title Term start Term end Term in office1 Tony Burke Labor Rudd Minister for Population 14 April 2010 2010 04 14 28 June 2010 2010 06 28 3 years 78 daysGillard Minister for Sustainable Population 28 June 2010 2010 06 28 14 September 2010 2010 09 14 Minister for Sustainability Environment Water Population and Communities 14 September 2010 2010 09 14 1 July 2013 2013 07 01 List of minister for cities and the built environment Edit The following individual has served as the Minister for Cities and the Built Environment Order Minister Party Prime Minister Title Term start Term end Term in office1 Jamie Briggs Liberal Turnbull Minister for Cities and the Built Environment 21 September 2015 2015 09 21 29 December 2015 2015 12 29 99 daysList of assistant ministers for the environment Edit The following individual has served as the Assistant Minister for the Environment Order Minister Party Prime Minister Title Term start Term end Term in office1 Melissa Price Liberal Turnbull Assistant Minister for the Environment 20 December 2017 2017 12 20 28 August 2018 2018 08 28 1984 daysSee also EditMinister for the Environment Victoria Minister for Environment Western Australia Minister for Environment and Natural Resources Northern Territory Minister for Environment and HeritageReferences Edit Press Conference Parliament House Canberra Prime Minister of Australia www pm gov au 23 May 2022 Retrieved 27 May 2022 Ministries and Cabinets 43rd Parliamentary Handbook Historical information on the Australian Parliament Parliament of Australia 2010 Archived from the original on 13 August 2014 Retrieved 9 July 2013 Burke takes on population portfolio ABC News Australia 3 April 2010 Gillard puts brakes on big Australia ABC News Australia 27 June 2010 Retrieved 27 June 2010 Second Gillard Ministry PDF The Australian 14 September 2010 Retrieved 14 September 2010 External links EditOfficial website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Minister for the Environment and Water Australia amp oldid 1135186833, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.